Abstract: There are great challenges to the air environment design of some ship cabins with large space, high occupant density and complex structure. The traditional ventilation method cannot meet the requirement. The application of the displacement ventilation system for a ship cabin is then researched by adopting the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) method. The physical modeling and numerical calculation modeling are established for the simulation analysis and optimization of the air distribution and thermal comfort in the early design stage. The original scheme and the optimization scheme of the displacement ventilation system for a ship academic hall are compared and analyzed. The results indicate that the displacement ventilation system is characterized of the stratified flows and the vertical temperature gradient. Compared with the original scheme, the optimization scheme optimizes the cabin temperature, wind speed and thermal comfort index, effectively reduces the blowing sense, ensures the air quality around the human body, and its thermal comfort index also meets the standard requirements. The conclusions will provide reference in the application research of the displacement ventilation systems for ships.

Key words: ship cabin, displacement ventilation, computation fluid dynamics(CFD), air distribution, thermal comfort

摘要： 船上有些空间大、人员集中、船体结构复杂的舱室,传统送风方式难以满足需求,给空气环境设计带来很大挑战。文章采用计算流体力学方法研究置换通风系统在船舶舱室中的应用,通过建立物理和数值计算模型,在设计初始阶段对其进行气流组织、热舒适性等方面的模拟分析和优化应用研究;针对某实船舱室的置换通风系统原始方案和优化方案进行对比分析,结果表明置换通风系统具有流动分层和垂直温度梯度的特点。相比原始方案,优化方案使舱室内温度、风速和热舒适性指标等得到优化,有效降低了吹风感,保证人体周围的空气品质,热舒适性指标也符合标准要求。对船舶置换通风系统的应用研究具有借鉴意义。

关键词: 船舶舱室, 置换通风, 计算流体力学, 气流组织, 热舒适性