Abstract: The polar region is a new frontier for human survival and development, and a commanding height for ecological security, interests and well-being and strategic cooperation between major powers in the future. It faces new needs and challenges in scientific research, search and rescue, and waterway development. Improving the global governance and security capabilities of the polar region and realizing real-time perception, utilization and leading governance of the entire polar region have become the hallmarks of polar powers. Countries and regions such as Europe, the United States and Japan have accelerated the development of three-dimensional monitoring capabilities for polar environmental cognition, but there are still obvious shortcomings in China's polar access and detection capabilities. There is still a lack of first-hand information on relevant ice and sea areas, and there is an urgent need to increase investment in research and development of polar satellite technology and improve the ability to obtain and collect polar data. This study mainly focuses on the actual needs of polar shipping, systematically discusses the current status of polar remote sensing satellite detection technology at home and abroad, and puts forward the development trend of polar space-based observation system in China. It will provide support for demonstrating the capabilities of the new polar satellite equipment system, formulating the top-level framework and development route, promoting China's development and utilization of the polar region, and enhancing the voice and influence in major international affairs in global geopolitically sensitive areas and strategic areas.

Key words: polar region, satellite technology, observation status, development trend

摘要： 极地是人类生存和发展的新疆域,是未来大国之间围绕生态安全、利益福祉和战略合作的制高点,我国在极地科考、搜索救援、航道开发等方面面临新的需求和挑战。提升极地全球治理与安全保障能力,实现极地全域的实时感知、利用和主导治理已成为极地强国的标志。欧美日等地区和国家已加快发展极地环境认知的立体观监测能力,而我国的极地进入与探测能力仍存在明显短板,相关冰区和海区的第一手资料依旧缺乏,迫切需要加大对极地卫星技术的研发投入,提高极区数据获取和采集能力。该研究侧重面向极地船舶航运的现实需求,系统论述国内外现有极地遥感卫星观测技术现状,提出我国极地天基观测系统的发展趋势,为论证新增极地卫星装备体系能力、制定顶层框架和发展路线提供支撑,支撑我国进入、开发和利用极地,增强在全球地缘政治敏感区和战略区国际重大事务中的话语权与影响力。

关键词: 极地, 卫星技术, 观测现状, 发展趋势