Abstract: The environment of polar regions is very different from that of other ocean regions, including extremely cold (low temperature), icing, snowing, polar day and polar night, etc. The polar climate emulation laboratory will build an indoor polar environment for the design optimization and the test of polar equipment performance, ensuring the reliable operation of ships and offshore equipment under various polar environments. Currently, the military and civil institutions in some countries around the world have built climate laboratories for the operation simulation and experimental verification of the polar equipment and technology. The key technologies of polar climate emulation laboratory, such as the load calculation, air distribution design, and insulation system and refrigeration plant configuration, are summarized and discussed combined with the design cases of the ultra-low temperature container laboratory and the polar climate laboratory.

Key words: extremely cold environment, polar regions, emulation laboratory, ultra-low temperature, air distribution, insulation system

摘要： 极地区域的环境相较于其他海洋区域存在较大差异,其中包括极寒（低温）、结冰、降雪、极昼和极夜等特点。建立极地气候环境实验室的目的是在室内创建1个模拟极地环境的工况,用于优化设计和测试极地设备的性能,保证船舶与海工装备在各种极地环境下的可靠运行。目前全球一些国家的军用和民用机构均建立了适用于极地装备与技术模拟操作、试验验证等在内的气候环境实验室。该文结合目前超低温集装箱实验室和极地环境实验室的设计案例,对极地气候环境实验室系统设计中的负荷计算、气流组织设计、隔热保温系统及制冷设备配置中的关键技术进行总结和探讨。

关键词: 极寒环境, 极地, 气候实验室, 超低温, 气流组织, 隔热保温系统