Abstract: Communication, positioning and navigation (CPN, referred to as “communication and navigation” in Chinese, where “positioning” is integrated into “navigation”) are crucial for all marine vehicles, and it is more essential for under-ice vehicles operating in polar regions. As human beings step into the polar regions with higher latitude and larger depth, underwater vehicles are more active in under-ice scientific surveys. However, compared to open-water environments at lower latitude regions, the under-ice CPN in polar regions is very special and the relevant CPN technologies also face unique challenges. Hence, the development of under-ice CPN technologies in polar regions also differs from that in other regions. This study reviews the current status and challenges of under-ice CPN technologies in polar regions and provides a prospect for their future developments.

Key words: polar regions, under-ice communication, positioning and navigation, acoustic signal, radio signal, optical signal, under-ice communication networking

摘要： 通信、定位、导航统称为“通导”,对于所有航行器（特别是极区冰下航行器）有着不可或缺的重要作用。随着人类对极区探索的深入,利用水下航行器进行冰下科考也日益频繁。相对于较低纬度敞水环境,极区冰下通导非常特殊,所面临的挑战也十分独特,导致极区冰下通导技术的发展也和其他区域的水下通导有所区别。该文梳理总结了目前极区海洋冰下通导技术现状和面临的挑战,并对未来的发展方向进行展望,为相关领域的科学研究提供参考。

关键词: 极区, 冰下通导, 声学信号, 无线电信号, 可见光信号, 冰下通信组网