The environment of polar regions is very different from that of other ocean regions, including extremely cold (low temperature), icing, snowing, polar day and polar night, etc. The polar climate emulation laboratory will build an indoor polar environment for the design optimization and the test of polar equipment performance, ensuring the reliable operation of ships and offshore equipment under various polar environments. Currently, the military and civil institutions in some countries around the world have built climate laboratories for the operation simulation and experimental verification of the polar equipment and technology. The key technologies of polar climate emulation laboratory, such as the load calculation, air distribution design, and insulation system and refrigeration plant configuration, are summarized and discussed combined with the design cases of the ultra-low temperature container laboratory and the polar climate laboratory.