The design and construction of polar ships rely on the prior knowledge of the safety of ships sailing in ice regions. However, the current available trial data and experience in ice regions are extremely insufficient in the world, which requires the development of effective and reliable prediction methods. The current development of sea ice mechanics and engineering is still far from maturity. It is therefore difficult to form a reliable method for the performance prediction of ships sailing in ice regions based on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, it has been accepted by the international academia and industry that the ice tank testing is the only reliable way to predict and assess the performance of ships sailing in ice regions. The state-of-the-art of the experimental prediction of performance for polar ships sailing in ice regions is introduced from three aspects of resistance, propulsion and manoeuvrability. And the key technologies are reviewed to provide references for the industry to fully understand the ice tank testing techniques.

The polar region is a new frontier for human survival and development, and a commanding height for ecological security, interests and well-being and strategic cooperation between major powers in the future. It faces new needs and challenges in scientific research, search and rescue, and waterway development. Improving the global governance and security capabilities of the polar region and realizing real-time perception, utilization and leading governance of the entire polar region have become the hallmarks of polar powers. Countries and regions such as Europe, the United States and Japan have accelerated the development of three-dimensional monitoring capabilities for polar environmental cognition, but there are still obvious shortcomings in China's polar access and detection capabilities. There is still a lack of first-hand information on relevant ice and sea areas, and there is an urgent need to increase investment in research and development of polar satellite technology and improve the ability to obtain and collect polar data. This study mainly focuses on the actual needs of polar shipping, systematically discusses the current status of polar remote sensing satellite detection technology at home and abroad, and puts forward the development trend of polar space-based observation system in China. It will provide support for demonstrating the capabilities of the new polar satellite equipment system, formulating the top-level framework and development route, promoting China's development and utilization of the polar region, and enhancing the voice and influence in major international affairs in global geopolitically sensitive areas and strategic areas.

A boat with the side-island superstructure has narrow wheelhouse and small staff establishment. The navigation resources of the wheelhouse are relatively limited, and it is necessary to manoeuvre with fewer people in a small space to ensure the navigation safety. The integrated optimization and one-man driving safety strategy are fully considered to complete the design and optimization of the compact layout of the wheelhouse and the bridge that are adapted to the narrow side-island condition and meet the maneuverability condition by adopting the advanced technology concepts, optimizing the system structure and ensuring the navigation safety. It carries out the three-dimensional modeling of the wheelhouse, and the three-dimensional virtual evaluation of the visual field and blind area, windows, space layout and bridge of the wheelhouse. The indicators that do not meet the standard of the human-machine environment of the wheelhouse are analyzed, and some suggestions to be improved are offered. The assessment of the human-machine environment shows that the improved scheme can meet the basic requirements for the ergonomic design of the operation space and the visual field of the wheelhouse.