Large cruise ships, as integrated energy systems combining propulsion and hotel services, are characterized by complex load structures, diverse operating conditions, and stringent emission constraints. With increasingly stringent decarbonization policies in international shipping and the transition of China’s cruise industry from import-based operation to independent design and construction, the issues of cruise operational optimization and energy management have evolved from standalone energy-saving measures into complex engineering problems involving multi-energy system coordination and full life-cycle optimization. This paper systematically reviews research on cruise operational optimization and energy management, summarizes the architecture and load characteristics of cruise energy systems, analyzes the current status of optimization methods and energy management strategies, and further discusses development trends such as multi-energy integration, low-carbon fuels, and data-driven approaches. The study provides a reference for improving energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, and promoting green maritime transport.