Pressure-resistant structural materials are the foundation for supporting the descent and ascent of marine equipment. Titanium alloys, with their characteristics of lightweight, high strength, and corrosion resistance, have become the preferred materials for pressure-resistant structures in deep-sea manned equipment and show promising prospects for application. This article briefly describes the development history and research progress of typical deep-sea manned equipment such as submarines, submersibles, deep-sea workstations, and underwater laboratories, as well as their pressure-resistant structural materials. The current state of domestic titanium industry development and the research foundation in the titanium alloy material system for marine engineering, titanium alloy pressure-resistant structure manufacturing technology, and design and testing research is introduced. In combination with the technical characteristics of large deep-sea equipment titanium alloy structures, the article analyzes the key scientific and technological issues and application demands for titanium alloys used in pressure-resistant structures, providing a reference for the future development of titanium alloys for pressure-resistant structures in deep-sea manned equipment.