This paper presents a review of the application of peridynamics in the structural analysis of large composite wind turbine blades, with emphasis on damage problems such as crack propagation, interlaminar delamination, adhesive debonding, sandwich-interface failure, and fatigue accumulation. Peridynamics describes interactions between material points through a nonlocal integral formulation, thereby avoiding the dependence of conventional continuum-based methods on the continuity assumption of the displacement field. This feature provides a new theoretical route for analyzing crack growth and structural damage in composite blades. In view of the damage analysis requirements of wind turbine blades under complex service conditions, the fundamental concepts of peridynamics are summarized, and recent modeling advances are reviewed for typical blade components, including composite laminates, thick transition regions, sandwich structures, web regions, and adhesive joints. Its applicability and application potential under fluid-structure coupling, thermo-hygro-electrical environments, impact loading, and fatigue damage are further discussed. Existing studies indicate that peridynamics is well suited to analyzing crack propagation, delamination, and debonding mechanisms in local high-risk regions of blades. However, its engineering application to full-scale blades is still constrained by computational efficiency, parameter calibration, constitutive modeling, and experimental validation. Future work should focus on combining global finite element models with local peridynamic models, thereby supporting structural integrity assessment of large composite wind turbine blades.