In recent years, the livestock carrier that can transport live cattle and sheep in large quantities have attracted more and more attention of the market. However, the livestock carrier fleet is aging significantly and facing the practical problem of upgrading. Moreover, China lacks the relevant experience in the design and construction of this niche and specialized ship type. It faces the great challenge in terms of the determination of the overall ship type, the selection of equipment, the redundant design of power and equipment, and the control of the construction cost. This article introduces the major characteristics of this ship type, including high speed and high comfort, livestock handling access, livestock pen, livestock ventilation, livestock service system and the redundant design of power, etc. It also summarizes the technical requirements and explains the technical background of the regulations of ‘The Cargo and Cargo Handling-Livestock Marine Order’ (MO43) based on the design criteria of the MO43 that was issued by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA). It can provide reference for the design and construction of this ship type.