The full-scale measurement has become an important approach to acquire the ice loads due to the lack of the actual ice condition and the corresponding prediction methods for the ice loads acting on the hull. Abundant research achievements have been recently obtained in the full scale measurement with the building of more polar ships and their navigation in ice area. A systematic review is presented about the researches on the full-scale measurement of ice loads worldwide since 2015, including the measured data and methods of full-scale measurement, the methods of converting the full-scale measurement data to ice loads, the factors affecting ice loads and the spatial distribution characteristics, the probability models of ice loads and the prediction methods for the extreme design values. Finally, the main research conclusions of the full scale measurement of ice loads are summarized to provide important reference for the research of ice loads. It is also pointed out that more data accumulation and theoretical discussions are still needed for the application of the extreme ice load prediction methods in the design of full-scale ships.

Laminated glasses are widely used in the ship bridge windows and portholes because of its characteristics of the good impact resistance and anti-fragmentation. However, it is easy to be broken due to waves and wind, which affects the navigation and operation of ships. In order to verify the equivalent thickness formula of the laminated glass in the current rules and regulations, the displacement function is solved by the Navier method according to the classical bending theory of the composite laminates. The normal stress of the laminated glass is then obtained and the new equivalent thickness formula of the laminated glass is derived without considering the transverse shear deformation. Abaqus is used to carry out the linear and nonlinear numerical simulation of the equivalent single-layer glass plate and the laminated glass plate, respectively. The comparison between the numerical results of finite element method and the theoretical value shows that the new equivalent thickness formula has higher accuracy than the equivalent thickness formula in the current rules and regulations.