Abstract: There are various risks in ship structure during the design and operation. The traditional inspection is mainly accomplished by measuring structural components. It is simple and practical but lacks flexibility, and its effectiveness cannot be easily measured. The risk-based evaluation method can also be used for the risk assessment of the ship structure safety and assist the inspection of ship structure. The failure probability of the ship structure is analyzed by comparing the measured value of the remaining thickness of the ship structure in the different years with the requirements of the rules and regulations. The structural failure consequence evaluation index is evaluated and constructed with the aid of the expert experience. A safety risk evaluation method for the ship structure is built based on the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method. The structural safety risk of a full-scale ship is evaluated by using this safety risk evaluation method to validate its feasibility.

Key words: failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), ship structure, remaining thickness, failure probability, failure consequence, safety assessment

摘要： 船舶结构在设计和运营过程中存在各类风险,传统检验主要通过测量结构构件来实现,简单实用但其缺乏灵活性,且有效性无法轻易衡量。而基于风险的评估方法也可用于船舶结构安全风险评估,辅助船舶结构检验。文中通过对比不同年度船舶结构剩余厚度的测量值与规范要求分析船舶结构失效概率,并借助专家经验评价构建结构失效后果评价指标,基于失效模式和影响分析（FMEA）方法建立了船舶结构安全风险评价方法,并利用风险评估法对实船舶结构安全风险进行了评估,验证了该方法的可行性。

关键词: 失效模式和影响分析, 船舶结构, 剩余厚度, 失效概率, 失效后果, 安全评价