Abstract: The harsh natural environment and special geographical position of the polar regions make the polar activities more dangerous. Frequent sudden accidents also impose higher requirements for the emergency rescue in the polar regions. China has carried out a large number of scientific investigations and commercial shipping in the Antarctic and Arctic, but with weak foundation of polar rescue. By summarizing the current main rescue modes in the polar regions, a preliminary idea of the polar rescue system is proposed, and the organization structure, regulation study, platform construction, environmental survey, communication and navigation, rescue station distribution, equipment development, personnel training and procedure formulation are described. This study will fill the gap in the research of polar rescue system in China, in order to provide references for the establishment of the polar rescue system in the future.

Key words: polar rescue, rescue system, the Antarctic region, the Arctic region

摘要： 极地恶劣的自然环境和特殊的地理位置,使极地活动具有较高的风险性,而频发的突发意外事故,对极地区域的应急救援提出了更高要求。我国在南极和北极开展了大量的科学考察、商业航运等活动,但在极地救援方面的基础十分薄弱。该文通过梳理极地现有的主流救援模式,提出极地救援体系的初步构想,并从组织架构、法规研究、平台搭建、环境勘测、通信导航、站点布局、装备发展、人才培养和规程制定等方面予以阐述说明,填补我国在极地救援体系研究方面的空白,以期为今后极地救援体系的建设提供参考和借鉴。

关键词: 极地救援, 救援体系, 南极地区, 北极地区