Abstract: When a ship navigates through ice areas, structural and vibration responses will be generated on the ship hull under the collision of sea ices. The magnitude of the response is highly correlated with the factors such as sea ice conditions, ship speed, structural stiffness, and measurement position. To be distinguished from the localized structural vibration, the global motion and vibration response of the ship can be referred to as ship bumping, which has a large impact on the functionality of the shipboard equipment, easily resulting in various issues such as lessening of the fastenings. The ship bumping in ice has been examined based on the data measured by the distributed accelerometers on board the icebreaker Xuelong II during the voyage in the Antarctic ice area. The events of ship bumping in ice are identified by the neural network method based on the time-frequency analysis. The ship bumping signals are separated by the frequency spectral analysis to extract the key parameters of the ship bumping in ice, such as the acceleration amplitude, pulse width, and the occurring frequency. The identification and analysis methods are finally established. On this basis, the data of ship bumping in ice of various typical scenarios are analyzed to investigate the influence of sea-ice environment, ship speed, and measurement position on the key parameters of the ship bumping. The requirements of the capability of shipboard equipment to withstand bumping under different sea-ice conditions are then summarized to provide references for the selection of polar ship equipment.

Key words: ice navigation, acceleration measurement, ship bumping in ice, time-frequency analysis, neural network

摘要： 船舶在冰区航行时,在海冰的碰撞作用下,船体会产生结构和振动响应,响应的幅度与海冰冰况、船舶航速、结构刚度、测量位置等因素具有很大的相关性。不同于局部结构振动,船体发生的全局性垂向运动和振动响应可统称为颠震,对于船载设备的功能具有较大影响,容易导致紧固件松动等各类问题。该文基于“雪龙2”号所搭载分布式加速度计在南极冰区航行中测得的数据开展了破冰颠震研究,根据时频分析结果,利用神经网络方法识别破冰颠震事件;通过频谱分析分离颠震信号,从而提取破冰颠震的加速度幅值、脉宽、发生频率等关键参数,形成破冰颠震识别与分析方法。在此基础上,分析典型场景下的破冰颠震数据,研究海冰环境、船舶航速、测量位置等因素对于船舶颠震各关键参数的影响,进而总结不同海冰环境下对船载设备承受颠震的能力要求,为极地船舶设备选型提供参考。

关键词: 冰区航行, 加速度测量, 破冰颠震, 时频分析, 神经网络