Abstract: Thruster is the core equipment of ship navigation, and the choice of thruster is the core factor affecting the combat effectiveness of ship. The state-of-the-art of typical thrusters has been outlined based on the development of the equipment and technology of high-performance ships. It focuses on the relationship between the propulsion system and the ship hull with a systematic analysis from two aspects: the influence of requirements of ship multiple operation conditions, high speed and low noise on the development of the propulsion technology, and the improvement of the performance of ships by the development of propulsion technologies such as special propeller propulsion and waterjet propulsion. The effects of using propellers and waterjets on the resistance, maneuverability and noise of the ship are compared based on the full-scale and model test data of a 600 t law enforcement platform and a Swedish Navy Vessel. Combined with the state-of-the-art of high-performance ships in China, the development of the thruster technology is finally prospected to meet the requirements for the overall performance improvement of ships.

Key words: high-performance ships, thruster, resistance performance, high efficiency and low noise, maneuverability

摘要： 推进器是舰船实现航行的核心设备,而推进器的选择又是影响舰船战斗力的核心要素之一。该文以高性能舰船装备与技术发展为切入点,概述了典型推进器的发展现状,聚焦推进系统与舰船总体之间的相互关系,从舰船多工况变化、高航速、低噪声等要求对推进技术发展的影响,以及特种螺旋桨推进、喷水推进等推进器技术对舰船性能的提升这两方面进行系统分析。文中以某600 t执法平台与瑞典海军某舰艇为研究对象,基于实船和模型试验数据,对比了采用螺旋桨推进器和喷水推进器对舰船阻力性能、操纵性能和噪声的影响,并结合国内高性能舰船发展现状,面向舰船总体性能提升需要,展望了推进器技术的未来发展。

关键词: 高性能舰船, 推进器, 阻力性能, 高效低噪, 操纵性