Abstract: In the current era of major maritime strategies, the development of grand ocean science programs is becoming an important pathway for the advancement of ocean science. The international community has accumulated considerable experience in implementing such programs, but they face challenges such as insufficient support from high-tech equipment, inadequate research funding, and slow progress in international cooperation. Supported by policies for building a strong maritime country and advancing deep-sea science and technology, China has made certain progress in ocean science research. However, in the future, it will face challenges arising from extreme environments, integrated long-term three-dimensional scientific expeditions, and system integration. Therefore, it is essential to focus on the "four poles" of scientific research—extreme macroscopic, extreme microscopic, extreme environments, and extreme interdisciplinary integration—develop novel ocean technologies and domains, strengthen independent innovation and high-level international cooperation, and use high-tech research equipment as a driver to support future large-scale science programs in key areas.

Key words: grand ocean science program, frontiers of ocean science, oceanographic expedition, novel equipment technology

摘要： 在当今海洋大战略时代,发展海洋大科学计划是海洋科学大发展的重要途径。目前,国际上已积累了较丰富的海洋大科学计划实践经验,但面临着高技术装备支撑不足、科研经费投入有限、国际合作推进缓慢等问题。我国在海洋强国和深海科技等政策支持下,海洋科学研究取得了一定的进展,然而未来还将面临来自极端环境、长期立体科考、体系融合等方面的挑战。为此,需围绕“极宏观、极微观、极端环境、极综合交叉”的科研“四极”方向,发展海洋新质新域技术,加强自主创新和国际合作,以高技术科考装备为牵引,支撑未来重点领域的大科学计划。

关键词: 海洋大科学计划, 海洋科学前沿需求, 海洋科考, 新质装备技术