Abstract: The numerical modeling of the ice formation in the ballast tank of polar ships has been established by adopting the volume of fluid (VOF) model in FLUENT to simulate the liquid phase and vapor phase, in order to analyze the influences of low temperature environment and ballast water capacity on the ice formation, and the heat transfer mode of the ballast tank of polar ships. The variations of the ice field in the computational domain with set-ups of different temperature environment and ballast water capacity are observed to analyze the influences of various factors and conditions on the ice formation in the ballast tank. It is found that the ice grows along the bulkhead to form a uniform ice layer, then grows transversely and vertically to form an ice layer completely covering the water surface, and finally grows downward along the bulkhead on the other side to form an arch shape as a whole. It is also observed that for the same ballast water capacity, the lower the ambient temperature, the faster the icing rate and the higher the icing degree; while for the different ballast water capacity, the lower the free surface, the better the effect of the hot air in the tank and the slower the icing rate. It can be concluded that the icing law of the ballast tank under low temperature is revealed through the numerical simulation of the ice formation of the polar ship ballast tank under low temperature. It can provide references for the deicing and winterization measures of the polar ship ballast tank.

Key words: polar ship, numerical simulation, volume of fluid method (VOF), temperature field, icing

摘要： 为分析极地低气温环境及压载水容量等因素对极地船舶压载舱内结冰变化过程的影响,该文通过分析极地船舶压载舱的热传递方式,采用计算流体力学软件FLUENT中的VOF模型模拟气液两相,建立极地船舶压载舱结冰数值模型,设置不同气温环境和压载水容量模拟组,观察计算域中的冰场的变化情况,分析多因素条件对压载舱结冰过程的影响。文中发现：冰块沿着舱壁生长,形成均匀的冰层,随后横向、垂向生长,形成完全覆盖水面的冰层,并最终沿着另一侧舱壁向下生长,整体形成拱形的形状;在相同压载水容量的条件下,外环境温度越低,结冰速率越快,结冰程度越高;在不同压载水容量条件下,自由液面越低,舱室内热空气作用效果越好,结冰速率越慢。由此得出结论：通过对低气温条件下极地船舶压载舱结冰过程的数值模拟研究,揭示了压载舱在低温环境下的结冰规律,可作为极地船舶压载舱除冰防寒措施的重要参考。

关键词: 极地船舶, 数值模拟, 流体体积法, 温度场, 结冰