Abstract: The hull damage accidents during the voyage may cause the environmental pollution and the safety problem of the life and belongings of the crew onboard. It is also of great concern to the international shipping industry. The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS Convention) has evolved for over 100 years since it was firstly proposed in 1914. The regulations on ship damage stability have experienced from the deterministic damage to the equivalent probabilistic damage, and then to the harmonization of probabilistic damage of passenger ships and cargo ships based on formal safety assessment, involving continuous development and improvement of the study of the ship damage stability and relevant regulations. It briefly introduces the development of the international ship damage stability based on SOLAS Convention, and presents the driving force and direction of the development of the regulations combined with several damage accidents and relevant studies. The development of the damage stability is summarized in order to deepen the understanding of the current regulations, which is beneficial to the safety design of ships.

Key words: international convention for the safety of life at sea (SOLAS), deterministic damage stability, probabilistic damage stability, formal safety assessment, hull damage

摘要： 船舶在航行中如果发生船体破损事故,可能会造成船上人员生命、财产安全以及环境污染等问题,这也是国际航运界十分关注的问题。“船舶破舱稳性”自1914年被首次提出后,国际海上人命安全公约 （SOLAS） 已经过100多年的发展。其关于船舶破舱稳性的规定经历了从最初的确定性破舱,发展到替代的概率性破舱,再到基于综合安全评估的统一的客船和货船概率性破舱,有关船舶破舱稳性的研究和相关规范的制定不断发展和完善。该文简要介绍了基于SOLAS公约体系的国际船舶破舱稳性的发展历程,并结合一些破损事故和相关研究工作来阐述规范发展的驱动力和方向。通过对破舱稳性发展的总结来加深对当前规范的理解,从而更加有利于船舶的安全设计。

关键词: 国际海上人命安全公约, 确定性破舱, 概率性破舱, 综合安全评估, 船体破损