Abstract: Lightweight technology is an important development trend of ships. Lightweight hull structure design may lead to novel designs that break through existing standards, including new structures or new materials. Based on an overview of the existing safety assessment system for ship structures, it focuses on the safety assessment process and methods for the lightweight structural design, including alternative design process, novelty evaluation indicators and approaches, and methods for determining structural safety assessment criteria based on limit states. The proposed novelty evaluation and safety assessment methods for the lightweight structural design are then applied for practical analysis of the typical cases of the lightweight structural design for oil tankers, bulk carriers, and container ships from literatures published at home. The proposed novelty evaluation and safety assessment methods for lightweight structural design can provide approaches and methods for the structural safety assessment of the corresponding new or alternative designs.

Key words: lightweight, structural optimization, novelty, safety assessment, equivalent substitution

摘要： 轻量化技术是未来船舶发展的重要趋势。轻量化的船体结构设计,可能出现突破现有规范的新颖设计,包括新型结构或新材料。在现有船舶结构安全评估体系综述的基础上,该文重点阐述了轻量化结构设计的安全评估流程和方法,包括替代设计流程、新颖度评价指标及方法、基于极限状态的结构安全评估准则确定方法等。在此基础上应用文章所提出的轻量化结构设计新颖度评价及安全评估方法,针对国内公开文献发表的油船、散货船和集装箱船轻量化结构设计的典型案例进行应用性分析。文中轻量化结构设计的新颖度评价及安全评估方法可为相应的新颖或替代设计的结构安全性评估提供途径和方法。

关键词: 轻量化, 结构优化, 新颖度, 安全评估, 等效替代