The Arctic region is rich in resources with important strategic value. China, as a stakeholder in the Arctic region, urgently needs to promote the construction of polar equipment and conduct environmental tests of polar equipment, compared with the development of polar equipment in the United States, Russia and other countries. The article examines the impact of the complex natural environments such as low temperature, ice accretion/freezing rain, chloride ions and microorganisms in the Arctic on the equipment, and discusses the requirements, conditions and precautions for the tests of low temperature, ice accretion/ freezing rain, salt spray and microbial corrosion of the polar equipment. The complex polar environment has a coupling impact on the equipment, which should be considered in the environmental test. In addition to natural environmental factors, mechanical environmental tests must also be carried out according to the requirements of the standard.