Abstract: The Arctic region is rich in resources with important strategic value. China, as a stakeholder in the Arctic region, urgently needs to promote the construction of polar equipment and conduct environmental tests of polar equipment, compared with the development of polar equipment in the United States, Russia and other countries. The article examines the impact of the complex natural environments such as low temperature, ice accretion/freezing rain, chloride ions and microorganisms in the Arctic on the equipment, and discusses the requirements, conditions and precautions for the tests of low temperature, ice accretion/ freezing rain, salt spray and microbial corrosion of the polar equipment. The complex polar environment has a coupling impact on the equipment, which should be considered in the environmental test. In addition to natural environmental factors, mechanical environmental tests must also be carried out according to the requirements of the standard.

Key words: the Arctic, polar equipment, polar environmental impact, environmental test

摘要： 北极地区资源丰富,战略价值重要。对比美俄等国极地装备发展情况,我国作为北极地区利益攸关方亟需推进极地装备建设,开展极地装备环境试验。该文梳理了北极地区低温、积冰/冻雨、氯离子和微生物等复杂自然环境对装备的影响,论述了进行极地装备低温、积冰/冻雨、盐雾和微生物腐蚀试验的条件要求及注意事项。极地环境复杂,对装备的影响存在耦合作用,开展环境试验应予以考虑。除自然环境因素外,力学环境试验也必须按标准要求开展。

关键词: 北极, 极地装备, 极地环境影响, 环境试验