Abstract: As the ship moves through narrow and shallow waters, the combination effect of the fluid flow and waves will cause the ship to squat with risk of grounding, thus endangering the safety of ship structures and navigation facilities. It is of great significance for navigation safety to effectively evaluate the ship squat. The ships sailing through the Three Gorges Dam Ship Lift have been examined in the current study. The ship squats of different ship types sailing through the Three Gorges Dam Ship Lift were measured by model test in the towing tank, which are used to fit the formulas for calculating the ship squat of different ship types. The results show that the sailing speed is an important factor affecting the ship squat, with the process of the ships sailing out of the ship lift as the control working condition of the maximum squat. The conclusions can provide technical support for the shipping management department to set navigation regulations and the ship design institutes to design relevant ship types.

Key words: ship, narrow and shallow waters, sailing squat, model test

摘要： 船舶在狭浅水域航行时, 由于水体流动及波浪的复合影响,会造成船舶航行下沉量较大而存在触底的风险,危及船舶结构和通航设施的安全,如何有效地评估船舶航行下沉量对航运安全有重要意义。该文以船舶通行三峡升船机为例,通过牵引船模试验方法测得不同船型在进出三峡升船机航行时的下沉量,拟合出不同船型下沉量计算公式。研究表明：航速是影响船舶航行下沉量的重要因素,船舶出升船机过程应作为最大下沉量的控制工况。研究结论可为航运管理部门制定通航管理规定和船舶设计单位设计相关船型提供技术支撑。

关键词: 船舶, 狭浅水域, 航行下沉量, 模型试验