Abstract: To accurately assess the overall energy efficiency of cruise ships and propose optimization strategies, it is necessary to establish calculation formulas for evaluating the energy efficiency of various onboard systems, combined with actual ship data analysis to reveal the characteristics of energy consumption distribution. This paper first constructs a typical model of the energy-consuming systems on a cruise ship, including the propulsion system, electrical system, and thermal system. Then, based on the first law of thermodynamics, corresponding calculation formulas and methods for the energy consumption, work output, and energy loss of each system are established. A comprehensive voyage calculation and analysis for a medium-sized luxury cruise ship is conducted. The analysis of the results reveals that the energy consumption of equipment and systems related to passenger services accounts for a high proportion, approximately 50% of the ship's total energy consumption. This finding shows a significant discrepancy from the simplified approach used in the International Maritime Organization (IMO)'s Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) calculation for luxury cruise ships, where the auxiliary engine power is treated as a fixed percentage (about 5%) of the main engine power. The results of this study provide a methodological foundation for assessing the overall energy efficiency of cruise ships, lay the groundwork for proposing future revisions to the IMO's energy efficiency assessment methodology for cruise ships, and offer insights for optimizing the energy efficiency design of new cruise ships and retrofitting existing ones.

Key words: cruise ship, energy consumption system, whole ship energy efficiency assessment, whole ship energy efficiency optimization

摘要： 为准确评估邮轮全船能效并提出优化方向,需建立邮轮各系统能效评估的计算公式,并结合实船计算分析, 以揭示全船能耗分布特征。该文首先构建了邮轮能耗系统典型模型,包括船舶推进系统、电力系统和热力系统;然后采用热力学第一定律,建立了各系统能耗、做功及能量损失的相应计算公式和方法,并开展了某中型豪华邮轮的实船完整航次计算分析;最后通过对计算结果的分析,发现邮轮用于游客服务的相关设备和系统的能耗在全船能耗中占比约50%,这与国际海事组织的豪华邮轮能效设计指数计算方法中,辅机功率以主机功率的一定比例（约5%）来简化处理的方式有较大差异。研究结果为邮轮的全船能效评估提供了方法,为后续提出对国际海事组织邮轮能效评估方法的修订建议奠定了基础,揭示的邮轮全船能耗分布特征对邮轮能效设计优化和现有邮轮改装具有指导意义。

关键词: 邮轮, 能耗系统, 全船能效评估, 全船能效优化