Abstract: Marine scientific research uses marine scientific research equipment to obtain ocean data, collect and analyze it, and obtain ocean physical, chemical, biological and geological characteristics, which is an important way for humans to understand the ocean. The article combs the main scientific research history, current situation and changing characteristics at home and abroad since the formation of modern marine science, and discusses the goals, characteristics, results and impact of marine scientific research at different stages on the development of marine science. A summary is made regarding the current status of the development of marine scientific research equipment, focusing on describing the development history and current situation of domestic and foreign marine scientific research vessels, marine observation platforms and survey equipment; the development trends of marine scientific research are discussed and analyzed from the aspects of scientific research equipment, scientific research forms, scientific research characteristics, etc. The current challenges of domestic marine scientific research are put forward, and finally relevant suggestions are put forward for the high-quality development of marine scientific research.

Key words: marine scientific research, scientific research equipment, research vessel, international cooperation in the oceans

摘要： 通过海洋科考装备进行采集及分析海洋数据,获取相应物理、化学、生物及地质学特征,是人类认识海洋的重要方式。文章首先梳理了自现代海洋科学形成后,国内外主要的科考历程、现状及变化特征,探讨了不同阶段海洋科考的目标、特点、成果及对海洋科学发展的影响;然后,归纳了海洋科考装备的发展现状,重点描述了国内外海洋科考船、海洋观测平台以及调查设备的发展历史及现状;最后,从科考装备、科考形式、科考特点等对海洋科考的发展趋势进行了探讨,并提出了目前我国海洋科考的挑战,针对海洋科考高质量发展提出了相关建议。

关键词: 海洋科考, 科考装备, 科考船, 国际海洋合作