Research Development of Full Scale Measurement of Ice Loads

doi:10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.01.019

Abstract

Abstract: The full-scale measurement has become an important approach to acquire the ice loads due to the lack of the actual ice condition and the corresponding prediction methods for the ice loads acting on the hull. Abundant research achievements have been recently obtained in the full scale measurement with the building of more polar ships and their navigation in ice area. A systematic review is presented about the researches on the full-scale measurement of ice loads worldwide since 2015, including the measured data and methods of full-scale measurement, the methods of converting the full-scale measurement data to ice loads, the factors affecting ice loads and the spatial distribution characteristics, the probability models of ice loads and the prediction methods for the extreme design values. Finally, the main research conclusions of the full scale measurement of ice loads are summarized to provide important reference for the research of ice loads. It is also pointed out that more data accumulation and theoretical discussions are still needed for the application of the extreme ice load prediction methods in the design of full-scale ships.

Key words: ice load, full-scale measurement, influence coefficient method, probability model, extreme design values

摘要： 由于缺乏实际冰况信息和对应的船体冰载荷预报方法,实船测试成为获取冰载荷的重要方法。随着更多极区船舶的建造和冰区航行,近年来取得了丰富的实船测试研究成果。文章系统论述了自2015年以来国内外关于冰载荷实船测试方面的研究进展,包括冰载荷实船测试数据内容和方法、从测试数据到冰载荷的换算方法、冰载荷的影响因素和空间分布特征、冰载荷概率模型和设计极值预报方法等,最后归纳得到的冰载荷实船测试方面的主要研究结论,可为冰载荷的研究提供重要参考,并且指出将冰载荷极值预报方法应用于实船设计仍需要更多的数据积累和理论探讨。

关键词: 冰载荷, 实船测试, 影响系数法, 概率模型, 设计极值

CLC Number:

U661.43

WANG Fuhua, ZHU Wenbo, QU Xue, CUI Haixin. Research Development of Full Scale Measurement of Ice Loads[J]. Ship & Boat, 2022, 33(01): 19-38.

王福花, 朱文博, 曲雪, 崔海鑫. 冰载荷实船测试研究进展[J]. 船舶, 2022, 33(01): 19-38.

References

[1] LEIRA B, BOERSHEIM L, ESPELAND Ø, et al. Ice-load estimation for a ship hull based on continuous response monitoring[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, 2009(4): 529-540.
[2] KUJALA P. On the statistics of ice loads on ship hull in the Baltic[D]. Helsinki: Finnish Academy of Technology, Mechanical Engineering SeriesNo. 116,1994.
[3] IMO. Guidelines for Ships operating in polar waters[S]. London:IMO,2010.
[4] KOTILAINEN M, VANHATALO J, SUOMINEN M, et al. Predicting ice-induced load amplitudes on ship bow conditional on ice thickness and ship speed in the Baltic Sea[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2017, 135: 116-126.
[5] RITCH R, FREDERKING R, JOHNSTON M, et al. Local ice pressures measured on a strain gauge panel during the CCGS Terry Fox bergy bit impact study[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2008(1): 29-49.
[6] LEE J M, LEE C J, KIM Y S, et al. Determination of global ice loads on the ship using the measured full-scale motion data[J]. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2016(4): 301-311.
[7] KUJALA P, VALKONEN J, SUOMINEN M. Maximum ice induced loads on ships in the Baltic Sea[C]//Proc. 10th Int. Symp. on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures PRADS. 2007: 1278-1286.
[8] RAHMAN M S, TAYLOR R S, KENNEDY A, et al. Probabilistic analysis of local ice loads on a lifeboat measured in full-scale field trials[J]. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering,2015(4):041501.
[9] KWON Y H, LEE T K, CHOI K. A study on measurements of local ice pressure for ice breaking research vessel “ARAON” at the Amundsen Sea[J]. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2015(3): 490-499.
[10] JEON M, CHOI K, MIN J K, et al. Estimation of local ice load by analyzing shear strain data from the IBRV ARAON's2016 Arctic voyage[J]. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2018(3): 421-425.
[11] TAYLOR R S, RICHARD M. Development of a probabilistic ice load model based on empirical descriptions of high pressure zone attributes[C]//International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014, 45561: V010T07A049.
[12] SUOMINEN M, KUJALA P, ROMANOFF J, et al.Influence of load length on short-term ice load statistics in full-scale[J]. Marine Structures, 2017, 52: 153-172.
[13] JO Y C, CHOI J H, Sung-Gun P, et al.Sensor arrangement for ice load monitoring to estimate local ice load in Arctic vessel[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering Under Arctic Conditions. 2017.
[14] JO Y, CHOI J, PARK S, et al.Comparison study between design ice load and actual measured ice load during ice trial of Arctic LNG carrier[C]//OTC Arctic Technology Conference. OnePetro, 2018.
[15] SUOMINEN M, KUJALA P, ROMANOFF J, et al.The effect of the extension of the instrumentation on the measured ice-induced load on a ship hull[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2017, 144: 327-339.
[16] LEE S C, PARK S, CHOI K, et al.Global ice load prediction for the icebreaker using 6-DOF motion measurement method[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering Under Arctic Conditions. 2017.
[17] KUJALA P.Damage Statistics of Ice-strengthened Ships in the Baltic-Sea, 1984-1987[M]. Finnish Government Print. Centre, 1991.
[18] HAYWARD R C.Plastic response of ship shell plating subjected to loads of finite height[D]. Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2001.
[19] JONES N.Plastic behaviour of ship structures[J]. SNAME Transactions, 1976 (84), 115-145.
[20] VALKONEN J.Determination of ship ice load from hull ice damages[D]. Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ship Laboratory, Espoo, Finland, 2006.
[21] LEE T K, LEE J H, RIM C W, et al.Effects of ship speed and ice thickness on local ice loads measured in Arctic Sea[J]. Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology, 2013(5): 82-87.
[22] JORDAAN I J, MAES M A, BROWN P W, et al.Probabilistic analysis of local ice pressures[J]. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, 1993(1): 83-89.
[23] CHO S, CHOI K.Local Ice Load Prediction Formulas Based on Arctic Field Measurements of the IBRV ARAON[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering Under Arctic Conditions. 2019.
[24] KUJALA P, JIANG Z, LI F, et al.Long term prediction of local ice loads on the hull of SA Agulhas II[C]//Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions. 2019.
[25] WU G, KONG S, TANG W, et al.Statistical analysis of ice loads on ship hull measured during Arctic navigations[J]. Ocean Engineering, 2021, 223: 108642.
[26] LENSU M, HÄNNINEN S. Short term monitoring of ice loads experienced by ships[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering Under Arctic Conditions. 2003.
[27] OCHI M K.Applied probability and stochastic processes: In Engineering and Physical Sciences[M]. Wiley-Interscience, 1990.
[28] SUYUTHI A, LEIRA B J, RISKA K.Statistics of local ice load peaks on ship hulls[J]. Structural Safety, 2013, 40: 1-10.
[29] LENSU M.Short term prediction of ice loads experienced by ice going ships[R]. Finland:Helsinki Univesity Technology,2002.
[30] CHAI W, LEIRA B J, NAESS A.Probabilistic methods for estimation of the extreme value statistics of ship ice loads[J]. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 2018, 146: 87-97.
[31] GAIDAI O, STORHAUG G, NAESS A.Extreme value statistics of large container ship roll[J]. Journal of Ship Research, 2016(2): 92-100.
[32] NÆSS A, GAIDAI O. Estimation of extreme values from sampled time series[J]. Structural Safety, 2009(4): 325-334.