Abstract: The design and construction of polar ships rely on the prior knowledge of the safety of ships sailing in ice regions. However, the current available trial data and experience in ice regions are extremely insufficient in the world, which requires the development of effective and reliable prediction methods. The current development of sea ice mechanics and engineering is still far from maturity. It is therefore difficult to form a reliable method for the performance prediction of ships sailing in ice regions based on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, it has been accepted by the international academia and industry that the ice tank testing is the only reliable way to predict and assess the performance of ships sailing in ice regions. The state-of-the-art of the experimental prediction of performance for polar ships sailing in ice regions is introduced from three aspects of resistance, propulsion and manoeuvrability. And the key technologies are reviewed to provide references for the industry to fully understand the ice tank testing techniques.

Key words: polar ship, ice resistance, resistance and propulsion, manoeuvrability, ice tank testing

摘要： 对于极地船舶而言,其设计建造必须依据先验性的冰区航行安全性能认识,而目前国际上可以借鉴的实船航行经验极度匮乏,这就必须借助有效可靠的预报方法。当前海冰力学与工程学的发展仍处于机理性探索阶段,因此,在理论方法与数值模拟上尚难以形成对冰区航行性能进行可靠预报的方法。据此,国际学术界和工程界已形成共识,冰水池模型试验是当前预报与评估船舶冰区航行性能的唯一可靠途径。文中从阻力、快速性与操纵性3个方面,对极地船舶冰区航行性能的试验预报技术发展现状进行介绍,并对其中的关键技术进行梳理,以期为业界充分了解冰水池试验测试技术提供借鉴。

关键词: 极地船舶, 冰阻力, 快速性, 操纵性, 冰池试验