Abstract: With the continuous development of Arctic resources, the risk of collision between polar ships and level ice is increasing. Different icebreaking methods will have different effects on the hull structure under variable ice thickness. At present, the judgment of icebreaking methods is mainly based on the icebreaking levels in polar ship specifications. It is difficult to study the maximum icebreaking thickness and the speed of different icebreaking methods without classifying the icebreaking levels. The equation between the propulsion force and speed is therefore derived based on the force balance relationship. A method for judging the icebreaking method of polar ships is proposed by combining with the safety design of hull structure strength. The maximum cruising ability of the continuous icebreaking for a polar icebreaking transport ship has been determined. The reliability of the determination of the icebreaking method is verified by comparing with the model experimental results. The speed range for continuous icebreaking and impact icebreaking methods has been divided under different ice thickness conditions. It provides theoretical support for the icebreaking design and navigation of polar ships.

Key words: polar ship, continuous icebreaking, impact icebreaking, icebreaking method, force balance relationship

摘要： 随着北极资源的持续开发,极地船舶与平整冰碰撞的风险日益加剧。在不断变化的冰厚条件下,不同的破冰方式会对船体结构造成不同影响。目前对破冰方式的判断主要基于极地船舶规范的破冰等级划分,在未明确破冰等级的情况下,研究不同破冰方式下的最大破冰厚度及航速较为困难。因此,该文基于力平衡关系推导出推进力与航速的关系式,并结合船体结构强度安全性设计,给出了一种极地船舶破冰方式的判定方法。文中以某极地破冰型运输船为例,确定了其连续式破冰的最大巡航能力,并通过与模型试验结果的对比,验证了文中所提破冰方式判定方法的可靠性,对不同冰厚条件下连续式破冰与冲撞式破冰的航速范围进行了划分,为极地船舶的破冰设计与航行提供了理论支持。

关键词: 极地船舶, 连续式破冰, 冲撞式破冰, 破冰方式, 力平衡关系