Abstract: Adaptation of lifeboats with a capacity for more than 150 people on cruise ships exceeds the regulatory limits, thus demanding risk analysis and assessment of alternative lifeboat designs. The risk level of the hazard or accident scenarios identified by the risk analysis is closely related to the layout planning of the lifesaving deck. The risk analysis is carried out based on the accident scenarios that are affected by the overloaded lifeboat, then the impacts of these accident scenarios on planning of the lifesaving deck are analyzed in reverse. Firstly, the object and scope of the risk analysis are designated. According to the evacuation procedures of abandoned ships, the hazard identification and risk assessment are carried out around the issues during the abandonment rescue, such as the equipment and system, layout of the lifesaving deck, personnel allocation and path planning. The direct and indirect impacts of the different planning of these elements on the risk level of the accident scenarios are explained regarding the identified hazards or accident scenarios. Conversely, the limiting factors of the layout planning of the lifesaving deck are summarized. This article can provide reference for cruise ship design, in order to avoid unreasonable design at the beginning of the design.

Key words: cruise ship, lifeboat, alternative design, risk scenarios

摘要： 大型邮轮由于采用了150人以上容量的救生艇而超出规范限制,需要进行救生艇替代设计的风险分析和评估。风险分析识别出的危险或事故场景的风险水平,同救生甲板的规划布置息息相关。该文以受超容救生艇影响而存在的事故场景为分析对象进行风险分析,并进一步分析这些事故场景对救生甲板规划的影响。文中首先划定风险分析的对象和范围,根据弃船撤离程序,围绕弃船救援过程中涉及的设备及系统、救生甲板布置、人员分配、路径规划等,开展危险识别和风险评估;然后针对识别出的危险或事故场景,说明这些元素的不同规划对于事故场景风险水平有着直接或间接的影响,并总结出救生甲板规划布置的受限因素。该文可在设计初期规避不合理布置,为邮轮设计提供参考。

关键词: 邮轮, 救生艇, 替代设计, 风险场景