大型邮轮运行优化与能量管理研究综述

doi:10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2026.074

船舶 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (03): 1-15.DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2026.074

• 本期特约 • 下一篇

大型邮轮运行优化与能量管理研究综述

邰能灵^1,2, 李昊^1,2, 胡思哲³

1.上海交通大学国家电投智慧能源创新学院上海 200240;
2.上海交通大学电力传输与功率变换控制教育部重点实验室上海 200240;
3.上海船舶设备研究所上海 200031

收稿日期:2026-05-09 修回日期:2026-05-27 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-06-29
作者简介:邰能灵（1972—）,男,博士,教授/博士生导师; 研究方向：船舶电力系统控制保护与能量管理,港口综合能源系统运行优化,上海交通大学国家电投智慧能源创新学院特聘教授,电力传输与功率变换控制教育部重点实验室主任,智能船舶综合电力系统上海市工程技术研究中心主任; 国家重点研发计划项目首席科学家,教育部新世纪优秀人才,上海市优秀学术带头人,上海市曙光学者,上海高校优秀青年教师等; 任《电力自动化设备》、《电力系统保护与控制》等9种期刊编委,中国电机工程学会常务理事,中国电工技术学会理事,中国电力教育协会电气工程教学委员会副主任委员, 《深蓝装备理论与创新技术》编委会副主任委员等; 其负责国家重点研发计划项目2项,国家自然科学基金重点、联合重点基金等纵向项目20余项、企业横向项目 63项,取得重要研究成果; 长期从事智能电网保护与控制、舰船综合电力系统与能量管理技术研究及装备研制工作,取得系列原创成果; 发表论文 400 余篇,其中 SCI 收录 88 篇,EI 收录 186 篇; 出版《大型船舶电力系统关键技术与应用》、《微机保护技术及其工程应用》等6本专著和编著; 获教育部科技进步奖一等奖、日内瓦国际发明金奖、上海市科技进步奖一等奖、中国造船工程学会科技进步特等奖、一等奖等省部级及以上奖励11项; 上海交通大学国家电投智慧能源创新学院特聘教授,电力传输与功率变换控制教育部重点实验室主任,智能船舶综合电力系统上海市工程技术研究中心主任; 国家重点研发计划项目首席科学家,教育部新世纪优秀人才,上海市优秀学术带头人,上海市曙光学者,上海高校优秀青年教师等; 任《电力自动化设备》、《电力系统保护与控制》等9种期刊编委,中国电机工程学会常务理事,中国电工技术学会理事,中国电力教育协会电气工程教学委员会副主任委员, 《深蓝装备理论与创新技术》编委会副主任委员等; 其负责国家重点研发计划项目2项,国家自然科学基金重点、联合重点基金等纵向项目20余项、企业横向项目 63项,取得重要研究成果; 长期从事智能电网保护与控制、舰船综合电力系统与能量管理技术研究及装备研制工作,取得系列原创成果; 发表论文 400 余篇,其中 SCI 收录 88 篇,EI 收录 186 篇; 出版《大型船舶电力系统关键技术与应用》、《微机保护技术及其工程应用》等6本专著和编著; 获教育部科技进步奖一等奖、日内瓦国际发明金奖、上海市科技进步奖一等奖、中国造船工程学会科技进步特等奖、一等奖等省部级及以上奖励11项; 李昊（1992—）,男,博士,助理研究员; 研究方向：船舶电力系统能量管理,新能源电力系统优化运行。胡思哲（1998—）, 男,硕士,工程师; 研究方向：船舶综合电力系统控制与能量管理。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（52337006）

Review of Operational Optimization and Energy Management for Large Cruise Ships

TAI Nengling^1,2, LI Hao^1,2, HU Sizhe³

1. School of Smart Energy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
3. Shanghai Marine Equipment Research Institute, Shanghai 200031, China

Received:2026-05-09 Revised:2026-05-27 Online:2026-06-25 Published:2026-06-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 大型邮轮作为集推进与酒店服务于一体的综合能源系统,具有负荷结构复杂、工况多变及排放约束严格等特点。随着国际航运减排要求日益严格,以及我国大型邮轮产业由引进运营向自主设计建造转型,邮轮运行优化与能量管理问题逐渐由单一节能技术问题演变为涉及多能源系统协同与全生命周期优化的复杂工程问题。该文系统梳理了大型邮轮运行优化方法与能量管理策略并分析其研究现状,总结了邮轮能源系统架构与负荷特性,并进一步探讨了多能源耦合、低碳燃料及数据驱动等发展趋势。相关研究可为提升邮轮能源利用效率、降低碳排放及推动绿色航运发展提供参考。

关键词: 大型邮轮, 运行优化, 能量管理, 节能减排

Abstract: Large cruise ships, as integrated energy systems combining propulsion and hotel services, are characterized by complex load structures, diverse operating conditions, and stringent emission constraints. With increasingly stringent decarbonization policies in international shipping and the transition of China’s cruise industry from import-based operation to independent design and construction, the issues of cruise operational optimization and energy management have evolved from standalone energy-saving measures into complex engineering problems involving multi-energy system coordination and full life-cycle optimization. This paper systematically reviews research on cruise operational optimization and energy management, summarizes the architecture and load characteristics of cruise energy systems, analyzes the current status of optimization methods and energy management strategies, and further discusses development trends such as multi-energy integration, low-carbon fuels, and data-driven approaches. The study provides a reference for improving energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, and promoting green maritime transport.

Key words: large cruise ships, operational optimization, energy management, energy conservation and emission reduction

中图分类号:

U674.11

邰能灵, 李昊, 胡思哲. 大型邮轮运行优化与能量管理研究综述[J]. 船舶, 2026, 37(03): 1-15.

TAI Nengling, LI Hao, HU Sizhe. Review of Operational Optimization and Energy Management for Large Cruise Ships[J]. Ship & Boat, 2026, 37(03): 1-15.

参考文献

[1] 中国船舶集团有限公司. 第二艘国产大型邮轮“爱达·花城号”交付节点及建造进展[R/OL]. 2026.
[2] International Maritime Organization.2023 IMO strategy on reduction of GHG emissions from ships[R]. London:IMO,2023.
[3] KIZIELEWICZ J.Eco-Trends in energy solutions on cruise ships[J]. Energies,2021,14(13):3746.
[4] BRÆKKEN A,GABRIELII C,NORD N. Energy use and energy efficiency in cruise ship hotel systems in a Nordic climate[J]. Energy Conversion and Management,2023,288:117121.
[5] BALDI F,AHLGREN F,NGUYEN T V,et al.Energy and exergy analysis of a cruise ship[J]. Energies,2018,11(10):2508.
[6] YAN Y,ZHANG H,LONG Y,et al.Multi-objective design optimization of combined cooling,heating and power system for cruise ship application[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2019,233:264-279.
[7] BRÆKKEN A,GABRIELII C,NORD N. Energy use and energy efficiency in cruise ship hotel systems in a Nordic climate[J]. Energy Conversion and Management,2023,288:117121.
[8] ZHANG W,HE Y,WU N,et al.Assessment of cruise ship decarbonization potential with alternative fuels based on MILP model and cabin space limitation[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2023,425:138667.
[9] ELG M,MOLCHANOV B,KRISHNAN A,et al.Holistic view to decarbonising cruise ships with a combination of energy saving technologies and hydrogen as fuel[J]. Energy Conversion and Management:X,2025,26:100953.
[10] LYU X,WANG Y,ZHANG H,et al.Energy management technologies for All-Electric ships:a comprehensive review for sustainable maritime transport[J]. Sustainability,2026,18(8):3778.
[11] SIMONSEN M,WALNUM J H,GÖSSLING S. Model for estimation of fuel consumption of cruise ships[J].Energies,2018,11(5):1059.
[12] VAN DER PLAS M,HILLEGE W,DE VOS P. The impact of hydro generation on board large sailing yachts[C]//Proceedings of the 15th International Marine Design Conference,Amsterdam,Netherlands,2024.
[13] XIAO Y,LI T.Smart Ships[M]. 1st ed. Boca Raton:CRC Press,2022.
[14] 林润峰,孙浩维. 邮轮典型舱室空调系统动态负荷特性与温度响应的模拟仿真与实验研究[J]. 建模与仿真,2025,14(8):157-172.
[15] 刘英杰,张周,王婷. 船舶电力推进系统螺旋桨负载特性动态仿真[J]. 舰船电子工程,2018,38(2):78-82.
[16] 罗成汉. 船舶电力推进模拟平台的研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2013.
[17] 冀青鹏. 船舶电力推进系统仿真[D]. 大连:大连海事大学,2019.
[18] 王用鑫,彭华. ARM嵌入式仿真系统设计及在船舶电力推进中的应用[J]. 舰船科学技术,2016,38(8):22-24.
[19] 王磊,李强,张建. 大型邮轮电力负荷特性分析[J]. 船舶工程,2020,42(6):85-90.
[20] 周航,黄俊,李明. 邮轮空调系统负荷特性及节能分析[J]. 制冷与空调,2019,19(4):45-50.
[21] VIRTANEN J.Thermal energy storage for cruise ship’s cooling system[D]. Tampere:Tampere University,2024.
[22] XU Y,ZHOU J,CHEN L,et al.A cruise-route-based simulation approach for ship cabin loads:year-round assessment and dynamic modelling[J]. Energy and Buildings,2026,359:117368.
[23] GRAFFIONEA F,GHIOA F,GALLOA M,et al.Investigation on shipboard power quality on cruise ships under high penetration of power converters[C]//International Ship Control Systems Symposium. London:IMarEST,2024.
[24] ANGKASA F F,ZAFAR R,CHUNG I Y.Shipboard generation scheduling and load characteristics-based power reserve management[J]. IEEE Access,2023,11:83170-83184.
[25] WANG J,DAI X,ZHANG M,et al.A physics-constrained hybrid deep learning model for state prediction in shipboard power systems[J]. Modelling,2026,7(2):65.
[26] PLANAKIS N.Power-Split Strategies for hybrid marine propulsion plants in transient loading conditions for optimal energy management and emissions reduction[D]. Athens:National Technical University of Athens,2021.
[27] LIU K,ZENG X,YAN G.Energy management strategy for a hybrid power system for ocean engineering vessels based on an improved particle swarm optimisation algorithm[J]. Polish Maritime Research,2024,31(2):67-80.
[28] ZHU H.Modelling,design and energy management of a hybrid electric ship:A Case Study[D]. Victoria:University of Victoria,2020.
[29] 交通运输部. 港口和船舶岸电管理办法:交通运输部令2025年第2号[Z]. 北京:交通运输部,2025.
[30] 刘洋,陈伟. 邮轮靠港岸电系统运行模式研究[J]. 电力系统自动化,2021,45(12):150-156.
[31] 周航,黄俊. 邮轮动力系统变工况响应特性分析[J]. 船舶力学,2019,23(4):512-520.
[32] FANG S,WANG H.Optimization-Based energy management for multi-energy maritime grids[M]. Singapore:Springer,2021.
[33] BAKAR N N B A. Energy management and operation optimization of seaport microgrids[D]. Aalborg:Aalborg University,2024.
[34] 侯慧,谢应彪,赵波,等. 能源与交通耦合的港口多能微网优化调度综述[J]. 电力系统自动化,2025,49(6):1-18.
[35] HUANG W,YU M,LI H,et al.Energy management of integrated energy system in large ports[M]. Singapore:Springer,2023.
[36] KANELLOS F D.Optimal power management with GHG emissions limitation in all-electric ship power systems comprising energy storage systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2014,29(1):330-339.
[37] SKJONG E,JOHANSEN T A,MOLINAS M,et al.Approaches to economic energy management in diesel-electric marine vessels[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification,2017,3(1):22-35.
[38] GEERTSMA R D,NEGENBORN R R,VISSER K,et al.Design and control of hybrid power and propulsion systems for smart ships:a review[J]. Applied Energy,2017,194:30-54.
[39] ZHAO L,SUN C,LIN H.A review of hybrid energy management systems for ships[J]. International Journal of e-Navigation and Maritime Economy,2025,24:77-95.
[40] DOTTO A,SATTA F.Techno-economic optimization of hybrid-electric power plants onboard cruise ships[J]. Energy Conversion and Management:X,2023,20:100436.
[41] HAN W,CUI J,WANG X Q,et al.Resilient optimal dispatch of ship-integrated energy system and air lubrication using an enhanced traffic jam optimizer[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering,2026,14(9):779.
[42] YUAN Z,GHIAS A M Y M,CUI C,et al. A unified and adaptive real-time graph-theoretic optimization strategy for reconfigurable battery storage systems[J]. Applied Energy,2026,385:127938.
[43] KOPKA T,TAMBURELLO S,ONETO L,et al. Degradation-aware predictive energy management for fuel cell-battery ship power system with data-driven load forecasting[EB/OL]. arXiv:2604.14994,2026.
[44] 侯慧,甘铭,吴细秀,等. 混合动力船舶能量管理研究综述[J]. 中国舰船研究,2021,16(5):1-13.
[45] 陈少霞,金欣茹,姚钢,等. 船舶多时间尺度能源管理系统研究[J]. 电气传动,2024,54(7):3-12.
[46] ZHOU B W,HUANG Y,JIANG B,et al.Optimization of ship power supply network and intelligent energy management strategy under multiple energy modes[J]. Journal of Computers,2024,35(1):217-225.
[47] FANG S,WANG Y,GOU B,et al.Toward future green maritime transportation:An overview of seaport microgrids and all-electric ships[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2020,69(1):207-219.
[48] MUTARRAF M U.Coordinated control and management of multiple electric ships forming seaport microgrids[D]. Aalborg:Aalborg University,2022.
[49] VAARA S.Electrification and energy management systems in maritime ports[D]. Tampere:Tampere University,2025.
[50] 方斯顿,王鸿东,张军军. 船舶大容量储能系统应用研究综述[J]. 中国舰船研究,2022,17(6):22-35.
[51] SHU Y,GUO Y Q,DU Y,et al.A mixed-integer linear programming framework for optimal scheduling of maritime mobile energy storage[J]. Mathematics,2026,14(7):1216.
[52] FAGERHOLT K,CAUSEL N T,RAKKE J G,et al.Maritime routing and speed optimization with emission control areas[J]. Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2015,52:57-73.
[53] PSARAFTIS H N,KONTOVAS C A.Ship speed optimization:concepts,models and combined speed-routing scenarios[J]. Transportation Research Part C:Emerging Technologies,2014,44:52-69.
[54] DOMACHOWSKI Z.Minimizing greenhouse gas emissions from ships using a Pareto multi-objective optimization approach[J]. Polish Maritime Research,2021,28(2):76-85.
[55] IVANOVA G,DIMOV D,DONEV I.Improving the energy efficiency of a passenger ship with a hybrid electric power system through route optimization[J]. Communications,2024,22(3):45-56.
[56] VASALATII N.Energy-efficient ship route planning considering meteorological navigation conditions[M]//Some Issues of Increasing the Energy Efficiency of Ships by Improving Navigation Methods. Odesa:ONMU,2025.
[57] KAROUNTZOS X O.GIS-assisted optimal design of maritime transport systems[D]. Athens:National Technical University of Athens,2024.
[58] GENÇ S D,ARSLAN O.Assessing the slow steaming in shipping under international emission regulations[M]//Modern Denizcilikte Risk ve Sürdürülebilirlik Üzerine Çok Disiplinli Yaklaşımlar. Kocaeli:Kocaeli University,2025.
[59] PANAGOU A.The impact of alternative fuels and speed reduction on the carbon footprint of RoPax ships operating in Greek territory[D]. Athens:National Technical University of Athens,2024.
[60] HESLAN G,LOISEL R,BAGOUILLA C,et al.Maritime decarbonization pathways:a trade-off between operational and technical measures[C]//FAEE Energy Conference. Paris:FAEE,2024.
[61] POLAT T.Forecasting ship emissions using machine learning for decarbonization and FuelEU maritime Compliance[D]. Istanbul:Istanbul Technical University,2025.
[62] 刘洋,陈伟. 不确定负荷下船舶综合能源系统优化调度[J]. 电力系统自动化,2021,45(12):150-156.
[63] 赵鑫,孙涛. 考虑气象不确定性的邮轮能量管理方法[J]. 中国造船,2023,64(1):130-139.
[64] JIA H,LIU Z,WANG S.Shore power system and its application in cruise ships[J]. Ocean Engineering,2020,210:107567.
[65] 陈强,刘志. 面向不确定环境的船舶能源系统鲁棒控制[J]. 自动化学报,2021,47(5):1020-1030.
[66] 李明,张建. 基于滚动优化的船舶能源调度方法[J]. 控制与决策,2022,37(8):1900-1908.
[67] 周航,黄俊. 储能参与下的邮轮多时间尺度调度策略[J]. 船电技术,2019,39(4):45-50.
[68] MALLOUPPAS G,YFANTIS E A.Decarbonization in shipping industry:a review of research,technology development,and innovation proposals[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering,2021,9(4):415.
[69] XING H,STUART C,SPENCE S,et al.Alternative fuel options for low carbon maritime transportation:Pathways to 2050[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production,2021,297:126651.
[70] ȚÎȚU A M,MOLDOVEANU A M,et al. The transition to alternative fuels in the maritime sector in the context of decarbonization:opportunities and constraints[J]. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials,2025,70(3):1125-1134.
[71] TADROS M,ELKAFAS A G,BOULOUGOURIS E,et al.Performance of SOFC and PEMFC auxiliary power systems under alternative fuel pathways for bulk carriers[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering,2026,14(8):702.
[72] MARKOVIĆ S,PETROVIĆ N,MARINKOVIĆ D,et al.Environmental assessment of cruise ships and superyachts with multi-criteria evaluation of marine fuels[J]. Applied Sciences,2026,16(9):4287.

编辑推荐

Metrics

联系电话：（021）63161688-105006
传真：（021）63151255
E-mail：chuanbo@maric.com.cn

大型邮轮运行优化与能量管理研究综述

Review of Operational Optimization and Energy Management for Large Cruise Ships

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 10

编辑推荐

Metrics

[1]	张新桥, 王仁杰, 杨勇, 方旻遐. 大型邮轮空调水系统安全返港设计[J]. 船舶, 2024, 35(05): 18-26.
[2]	程帅, 孟祥慧, 吕步高, 李瑞, 于学超. 面向大型邮轮定制的模块化产品族设计方法研究[J]. 船舶, 2024, 35(01): 41-49.
[3]	曹亚冬. 提高大型邮轮应急电网系统安全可靠性的设计分析[J]. 船舶, 2021, 32(06): 75-80.
[4]	林永水, 孔祥韶, 郭国虎, 胡灏天, 任鹏良, 王卓, 吴卫国. 大型邮轮上层建筑特殊结构强度分析[J]. 船舶, 2020, 31(05): 25-31.
[5]	秦琦;王宥臻;. 全球新能源(清洁)船舶及相关智能技术发展[J]. 船舶, 2018, 29(S1): 29-41.
[6]	张优;. 直流母排供配电技术在科考船上的应用分析[J]. 船舶, 2017, 28(S1): 174-179.
[7]	王显力;于再红;张英捷;. 双燃料发动机在耙吸挖泥船上的应用探讨[J]. 船舶, 2016, 27(06): 50-55.
[8]	王显力;. 变频冷却海水系统在自航式绞吸挖泥船上的应用研究[J]. 船舶, 2015, 26(03): 74-79.
[9]	高炳;赵自奇;. 控制船机废气排放的绿色水运技术分析[J]. 船舶, 2014, 25(05): 17-23.
[10]	张强;. 海洋石油平台电力组网的设计与实现[J]. 船舶, 2012, 23(05): 67-71.