Abstract: The application status of main marine refrigeration units and the refrigerant has been analyzed in order to promote the process of the ship greenhouse gas emission reduction. It summarizes the usage and restrictions of the marine refrigerants by the environmental labels of the classification societies, the development of the marine refrigerants and the marine low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant with application potential. The results show that the main marine refrigeration system currently uses the steam compression refrigeration, and the commonly used refrigerants are R134a, R404A, R410A, R407C and R407F. The environmental labels of CCS, DNV GL, ABS, BV and LR require the Ozone depletion potential (ODP) of the marine refrigerants to be zero, and the environmental labels with the higher level require the GWP of the marine refrigerants less than 2 000. Special consideration of flammability and toxicity are required for the refrigerants with flammability and toxicity. The marine low GWP refrigerants mainly include the hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) refrigerant R1234yf, the HFO mixed refrigerant series of R449A, R513A and R454, and the natural refrigerants of NH₃ and CO₂. The results can be used as references for the design and study of the marine refrigeration system.

Key words: ship, refrigerant, environmental label, application status, development

摘要： 为推动船舶温室气体减排进程,分析了船舶主要制冷装置及制冷剂的应用现状,总结了各船级社环境保护标志对船舶制冷剂的使用与限制,整理了船舶制冷剂发展趋势,归纳了具有应用潜力的船舶低GWP制冷剂。研究结果表明：目前船舶主要制冷系统采用蒸汽压缩制冷,常用制冷剂为R134a、R404A、R410A、R407C和R407F;CCS、DNV GL、ABS、BV和LR环保标志均要求船舶制冷剂ODP=0,其较高等级环保标志要求制冷剂GWP≤2 000,对具有可燃性、毒性的制冷剂,需要进行可燃性、毒性的特殊考虑;船舶低GWP制冷剂主要包括HFOs制冷剂R1234yf,HFOs混合制冷剂R449A、R513A、R454系列,以及自然工质NH₃、CO₂。研究结果对船舶制冷系统设计和研究具有参考意义。

关键词: 船舶, 制冷剂, 环保标志, 使用现状, 发展趋势