关键词: 邮轮, 应急疏散, 人员疏散仿真, 从众心理

Abstract: Large crowds may show special evacuation behaviors in emergency situations due to conformity. The three-layer cruise ship in the European “SAFEGUARD” project has been examined in order to study the role of conformity in the emergency evacuation of cruise ships. A simulation model is established by using the Anylogic evacuation simulation platform, and the evacuation logic is written according to the cabin layout, the number and distribution of personnel of the cruise ship. The corresponding results are obtained by multiple personnel evacuation simulations. The reliability and accuracy of the simulation model are then verified by comparing the simulation results with the project dataset. The influence of different degrees of conformity on evacuation results is explored by adjusting the size of conformity factors based on the verified model. The results are compared with the prototype data. The results show that the visual field of the cruise ship is relatively narrow with fewer evacuation passages. The evacuation efficiency of cruise ships gradually decreases with the increasing degree of conformity, resulting in extended time to complete evacuation. Based on the actual situation of cruise ships, suggestions that are beneficial for evacuation are proposed to improve the evacuation efficiency, such as issuing instruction information, planning clear paths, and increasing emergency awareness training.

Key words: cruise ship, emergency evacuation, personnel evacuation simulation, conformity