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State-of-the-Art and Development Trend of Intelligent Ship System XU Weiming, QU Rongze, XUE Guoliang, XU Minyi, ZHU Xiao, LIU Zhijian, ZHANG Qiqi Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 46-55.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.046 Abstract （2150）      PDF （1699KB）（1938）       Knowledge map    Save With the arrival of the intelligent era, the world shipbuilding industry and shipping industry are gradually focusing on intelligent ships, and the research of intelligent ship system has become one of the hot issues. This paper introduces the intelligent ship and the intelligent ship system, reviews the state-of-the-art and the development characteristics of the intelligent ship system both home and abroad, and prospects the development trend of the ship intelligent system. It is proposed to accelerate the research and development of the critical technologies and key system equipment through the guidance of national key projects for intelligent ships, orderly promoting the development of the intelligent ship system for various ship types. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and Prospects of Inland Waterway Transport Infrastructure and Ship Technology YU Quanhu Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 96-108.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.009 Abstract （572）      PDF （2154KB）（1654）       Knowledge map    Save China’s transportation industry has entered a new development stage of comprehensive construction of transportation power. And the comparative advantage of the inland waterway transport in the comprehensive transportation system has not yet been fully utilized. The implementation of the new development pattern of “dual circulation” and the “dual carbon” strategy requires innovative development of inland waterway transport and its core elements of ship technology. The development of the inland waterway transport infrastructure and ship technology is prospected by reviewing and summarizing the development status, relevant policy evolution, innovative technology research progress, and typical cases of inland waterway transport, maritime transport and ship technology at home and abroad. The future inland waterway transport infrastructure will be deeply integrated with digital, information, and network technologies, and the shore based control center will be networked as critical facilities and ship energy supply facility. Ships are evolving towards standardization and genealogy of ship types, intelligence, low-manned, green and diversified energy, and mainstreaming of electric propulsion. Ship formation navigation has become an innovative transportation mode. The exploration of the transformation direction of the inland waterway transport infrastructure and ship technology can provide references for the construction of a new generation of inland waterway transport system and the research and development of advanced ship types. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of World Shipping Market in 2022 and Prospect in 2023 WEI Mei, PAN Fang, WANG Yingyi, ZHOU Yilai Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 14-32.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.014 Abstract （540）      PDF （5962KB）（1576）       Knowledge map    Save Affected by factors such as monetary policy, geopolitical conflicts and the ongoing COVID-19, the macro-economy in 2022 showed a weakening trend after a brief economic recovery in 2021, and the pattern of maritime trade developed towards regionalization. As a result, the new shipbuilding market in 2022 showed an overall downward trend, with a year-on-year decline of 30.6%. Container ships, bulk carriers, oil tankers and offshore engineering vessels all showed downward trends, among them oil tankers showed the highest decline of 72.0%.Meanwhile, LNG carriers and Ro-Ro ships showed an upward trend, with an increase of 88.0% and 135.1%, respectively. Limited by the labor market and capacity adjustment of major shipbuilding domestic industries such as China and South Korea, the completion of shipbuilding in 2022 fell by 6.9% year-on-year. The orders at hand also decreased in 2022 with a decline of 7.5% year-on-year. Under the influence of environmental protection regulations, green fuel ships have developed rapidly, accounting for 44.5% of new ship orders, which becomes an important competitive area for shipbuilding countries. The global economic growth will continue to decline in 2023, which is expected to have a negative impact on the ship market. However, the high value-added ships such as LNG ships and green ships will continue to be popular. The global ship products will accelerate the development towards green and intelligent. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review and Prospect of Offshore Engineering Equipment Industry Development in China LI Xiaoping Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (05): 1-11.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.05.001 Abstract （496）      PDF （3026KB）（1487）       Knowledge map    Save The offshore engineering equipment is a highly integrated strategic emerging industry that forms the basis for the development and utilization of ocean resources. The development of Chinese offshore engineering equipment industry is reviewed to analyze the global innovation pattern of the offshore engineering equipment industry. It is pointed out that the Chinese offshore engineering equipment industry should seize the “time window” of a new round of technological innovation and acceleration of structural adjustment, and break through the original and leading core technologies of the offshore equipment. Focusing on the equipment for exploitation of marine oil and gas resources, marine biological resources, deep-sea mineral resources and marine renewable energy, it addresses efforts should be made to break through the bottleneck issues of general design, system integration, key systems and equipment. The independent and complete offshore engineering equipment technology and product system are promoted to improve the high-quality development of Chinese offshore engineering equipment industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State of the Art Review of Waterjet Propulsion Technology LIU Jianguo, ZHANG Zhiyuan, DAI Yuanxing, SUN Chong Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (06): 1-13.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.06.001 Abstract （493）      PDF （1343KB）（1438）       Knowledge map    Save This paper systematically discusses the basic theoretical research on the control volume, thrust characterization, waterjet propulsion and their interaction of the waterjet propulsion system, and the key design methods, relevant simulation evaluation and test verification methods of the waterjet propulsion system of the waterjet propulsion pump, inlet duct, steering and reversing mechanism and low-noise propulsion system. It also discusses the current status of the typical applications of waterjet propulsion devices in the three major fields of high-speed military vessels, civilian ships and amphibious vehicles. According to the characteristics of waterjet propulsion technology and its integration with the development of modern technology, the development trends of the waterjet propulsion technology are proposed, including the integrated system design of the waterjet propulsion and the ship, the hydrodynamic design from macro to micro, the digital and intelligent technology of the waterjet propulsion, the integrated electric-driven waterjet propulsion system, and the coordination design of the waterjet propulsion for stealthiness. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of Artificial Intelligence Technology Applications in Offshore Wind Turbines KANG Yirou, CHEN Peng, CHENG Zhengshun, HU Zhiqiang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (05): 12-23.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.05.012 Abstract （519）      PDF （1828KB）（1292）       Knowledge map    Save At present, the offshore wind turbine in China is developing rapidly, and the application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of offshore wind turbine is the current research hotspot. This paper analyzes and summarizes the application of various artificial intelligence technologies in the dynamic response analysis, operation and maintenance monitoring, design, operation and maintenance optimization of offshore wind turbines in multiple directions, involving dynamic response forecasting, power forecasting, structural monitoring, fault diagnosis, control optimization, operation and maintenance optimization. The results show that AI technology can better cope with the challenges in the field of offshore wind turbine design and operation and maintenance. Finally, the application prospects of AI technology in the area of offshore wind turbines and several major constraints currently exist are discussed, and the future development direction is envisioned. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Design Rules for Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers at Home and Abroad WU Jun, WU Gang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 100-106.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.100 Abstract （362）      PDF （2517KB）（1237）       Knowledge map    Save The applicable rules of nuclear-powered icebreakers at home and abroad are introduced from the design requirements of icebreakers. And the key points of icebreaker design rules are analyzed from polar risks such as low temperature, excessive ice and remote geographical location. Firstly, the definitions of low-temperature environment in different classification society rules have been compared, and the design points of winterization rules are interpreted from the aspects of engine intake, cold protection for liquid tank and escape passage. Secondly, the relevant requirements of the general arrangement are sorted out from the requirements of fire safety, nuclear safety and winterization. The influence of icing on the requirements of intact stability, riding ice stability and damaged stability in rules are also summarized. Finally, the strength check rules of ice class rudder system and ice class propeller are analyzed. The above comparison and analysis of rules can provide references for future design of nuclear-powered icebreakers with practical significance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of World Shipping Market in 2023 and Prospect in 2024 WEI Mei, ZHOU Yilai, GAO Jue, WANG Yingyi, PAN Fang Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 1-18.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.001 Abstract （530）      PDF （4676KB）（1143）       Knowledge map    Save In 2023, the global economic growth rate slowed down from 3.5% in 2022 to 3.1%, but showing significant resilience with accelerating global economic growth differentiation among different economies. With the relaxation of global epidemic control and the increase of geopolitical conflicts, the commodity trade has been disturbed, and the seaborne trade is expected to grow by 2.4% in 2023. The market fundamentals of the shipbuilding industry are stable and positive. The key market indicators maintain growth with a year-on-year increase of 25% in new ship orders and a 12% increase in completed deliveries in terms of deadweight tonnage. Among them, new orders for oil tankers increased by 356.6% year-on-year, and new orders for bulk carriers increased by 33% year-on-year, but container ships and gas carriers fell back. Among the major shipbuilding countries, China’s shipbuilding industry stays ahead with new ship orders accounting for 68% of the global market share. The orders for dual-fuel vessels using alternative fuels continue to grow, accounting for 34% of global orders. The shipbuilding industry is expected to maintain an upward trend in 2024, especially for bulk carriers and oil tankers. The acceleration of the decarbonization process and the development of artificial intelligence technology will also bring opportunities and challenges to the high-quality development of the shipping industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Technology Development Trends of LNG Carrier LOU Danping, YANG Chunhua Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 19-27.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.019 Abstract （754）      PDF （2990KB）（1134）       Knowledge map    Save The market demand for liquefied natural gas（LNG）carriers continuous to be booming with the rapid growth of the global LNG trading and the high concern of the shipping industry on the carbon reduction technology. This paper introduces the development of the LNG ship types, liquid cargo containment system, liquid cargo handling system, propulsion system, energy-saving and emission-reduction technology, intelligence technology application and independent localization of the supporting technologies. Several important development directions and trends of the key technologies of the LNG carrier are pointed out to provide clear guidance for independent and controllable key technologies of China's LNG carrier. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art and Prospect of Localization of Outfitting Equipment for Polar Ships ZHANG Haiying, TANG Xiaoyang, YAN Fengchao, CHEN Peng Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 107-111.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.107 Abstract （235）      PDF （1791KB）（1080）       Knowledge map    Save The equipment on weather deck of polar ships, especially high polar-ice-class icebreakers, should withstand extremely low design service temperatures. The steering gear and bow thrusters should also consider the additional requirements for ice loading. The input requirements for the equipment design are analyzed from the rules of main outfitting equipment such as the lifesaving equipment, deck machinery and manoeuvring devices. The equipment configuration and location of the high polar-ice-class ships that were delivered at home and abroad are analyzed to provide references for the localization of main outfitting equipment in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Cruise Ship and Reflections on Its Design and Construction in China MA Wangkou Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 26-40.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.003 Abstract （290）      PDF （4364KB）（1050）       Knowledge map    Save A cruise ship is a typical ship type of high technology, high difficulty, and high added value, which is the carrier and core of the rapid development of the cruise industry in China. However, it is also the only ship type that does not fully possess independent research and development, design, construction, supporting facility and operation capability in China. Firstly, the recent operation market and new shipbuilding industry for the cruise ship at home and abroad are reviewed. The ship type characteristics and the development of the newly-built cruise ships are then summarized. Three potential technologies are subsequently introduced, including methanol powered cruise ships, lightweight design based on lightweight materials and waste heat recovery of main engines based on Organic Rankine Cycle system. Finally, the challenges and countermeasures faced by the development of the design and construction of the cruise ships in China are analyzed and discussed from four aspects, namely independent design, efficient construction and engineering control, independent supporting facility and supply chain construction, and independent operation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Digital Transformation: the Way to High-Quality Development of Ship Design HU Keyi, WANG Bing Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 1-13.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.001 Abstract （511）      PDF （3590KB）（1044）       Knowledge map    Save In the tide of the digital transformation, the mode and process of modern ship design have undergone revolutionary transformation compared to the previous 2D design drawings due to the emergence of various digital design tools. With the continuous improvement of computer processing and the continuous deepening of the intelligent development of design software, 3D Digital Mock-Up（3D DMU）has gradually become the infrastructure of new industrial designs. Modern ship design is a customized and discrete large-scale engineering design. The introduction of 3D DMU and its extension to 3D digital ship mode will bring significant changes to the ship design process and its connotations, and the “Single Source of Truth（SSOT）” based on the 3D DMU will reshape the entire ship design process. This article focuses on the significant changes of 3D DMU and SSOT to the ship design through the analysis of the changing paradigm of modern ship design. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of Green and Low-Carbon on the Development of Maritime Industry LI Yanqing Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 1-18.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.001 Abstract （529）      PDF （6696KB）（1015）       Knowledge map    Save Upholding the green and low-carbon development of the maritime industry is not only imperative for the control of the global climate change, but also promotes the industrial transformation and upgrading. Since the United Nation launched the action on Climate Change, the international maritime community has been seeking a fundamental solution to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction through the combination of technology, operation and market. With the continuous enriching of the topics on the marine pollution prevention, the application of new technologies driven by the legislation is promoting the gradually developed “green solutions” for whole-ship solutions. The rapid changes in product concepts and methods are also increasingly affecting the whole process of the ship design, manufacturing and operation, extending to the supply chain management in the perspective of the full life cycle of carbon footprint. The current study aims to analyze and summarize the key points of GHG emission reduction in maritime legislation, industry technological innovation, important hot issues and several major factors affecting the future development of the industry in the past decade. Focusing on the key issue of alternative marine fuel transition, the directions, key points and strategies of the industry to adapt to green and low-carbon are proposed from the perspective of industrial competition and technological development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art and Development Suggestions of International Standardization in Shipbuilding Industry HU Fangzhen Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 33-42.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.033 Abstract （449）      PDF （2145KB）（999）       Knowledge map    Save As an important technical support for the international development of ship equipment, international standards greatly promote the technological innovation, industrial development and international trade in the ship industry. The international standardization in the ship industry is of great concern for each country. All countries actively carry out technical research and lay out international standard formulation in key areas such as smart ships, safety and environmental protection. This article outlines the main international standardization organizations（ISO/TC8, TC188, IEC/TC18, IEC/TC80）and their standard formulation in the shipbuilding industry. It also analyzes the prospect and development trend of the international standardization of the shipbuilding industry around the new international situation and the development need of domestic shipping and shipbuilding industries. The state-of-art of the international standardization in China's ship industry is summarized to propose suggestions of continuously improving the layout of the existing international standards, orderly promoting the development of the international standards in key areas and actively undertaking the management duties, in order to promote more advanced technologies in the shipbuilding industry to the world in the form of standards. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of Influencing Factors of Ship Collision Damage ZHU Yuepeng, ZHOU Likun, GONG Fangyuan, JIAO Yuping Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 44-52.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.044 Abstract （392）      PDF （1243KB）（940）       Knowledge map    Save The factors affecting the ship collision damage have been attracting attention in order to reduce the impact of ship collision damage, enhance the safety of ship navigation and protect the water environment. The main influencing factors of the ship collision damage are reviewed from three aspects, including the impact of the bow, side structure of the collided ship and relative motion state of the two ships. The countermeasures and suggestions for reducing the ship collision damage are elaborated from three viewpoints including the optimization of the bow design, the strengthening of the side hull structure and the emergency operation, and the existing shortcomings are pointed out. Further research prospects for the ship collision damage are proposed, such as the coordination of the buffer bow, the crashworthiness enhancement and ship weight increase, and the interrelationship between the emergency operation and insufficient helmsman capabilities. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art and Prospects of Installation Methods for Offshore Wind Turbines JIN Jingzhe, GAO Zhen Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (03): 1-20.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.03.001 Abstract （431）      PDF （6710KB）（939）       Knowledge map    Save The difficulty and cost of the installation of offshore wind turbine (OWT) increases with the rapid development of the scale of the global offshore wind industry, the continuous enlargement of the capacity of the wind turbine and the development of wind farms towards deep sea. The installation methods suitable for large wind turbines (10 MW and above) in deeper waters and harsh sea conditions shall be thoroughly studied and refined to address this situation. Therefore, this article introduces and discusses the main installation methods of OWTs and the characteristics of OWT installation vessels, as well as their future development needs. On this basis, the installation difficulties of current OWTs are summarized. The research progresses in the numerical simulation of the OWT installation are further reviewed. The scheme of combining numerical simulation with the planning and on-site construction stages of wind turbine installation is discussed in detail to ensure safe construction and improve installation efficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Power/Speed Prediction of Ice-Going Ships Based on DEM-SPH Fluid-Structure Interaction Model WU Jie, LIU Lu, TIAN Yukui, JI Shunying Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 70-83.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.007 Abstract （216）      PDF （3713KB）（932）       Knowledge map    Save The navigation of ships in sea ice is affected by the resistance of the ice-water environment, which is an important factor in the research of the power/speed of ice ships. The ship sailing in ice areas has been simulated by a fluid-structure interaction model based on the discrete element method (DEM) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, to reasonably analyze the power/speed performance of ice ships. It obtains the resistance of the ship at different speeds, and the thrust and torque of the propeller, as well as the speed of revolution required for navigation at constant speed. A DEM-SPH model for the coupling of the hull structure, sea ice and seawater is established by directly calculating the interaction force between the structure and the fluid through the fitting of the relative motion between the SPH particles and the fixed particle boundaries, in order to study the fluid structure interaction between the hull structure, sea ice and seawater. Then the DEM-SPH coupling model is used to simulate the resistance and propulsion of the ships in ice regions. The resistance and thrust of the ships are matched through the fitting method with consideration of the influence of the resistance increment caused by the wake field, to predict the speed of revolution required for the self-propelled ship at a specific speed. The resistances of the DTMB 5415 ship model in ice floes and level ice and the propeller thrusts at different speeds of revolution are also simulated to predict the speed of revolution required for the ship sailing at specific speeds under different operation conditions. The results show that the fluid-structure interaction between the ship-ice and propeller-ice can be well simulated by the DEM-SPH coupling model, fully describing the drag effect of the ship hull and the wake field on the sea ice. A numerical simulation-based prediction of the speed of revolution for the self-propelled ship is performed through the simulations of resistance and thrust, and the fitting analysis of the forced force. It can provide foundation for further experimental verification and engineering applications. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Submerged Water-Jet Propulsion for Medium and Low Speed Ships CAI Youlin, ZHANG Heng, CHEN Gang, QIU Jitao, JI Guorui, WANG Jianqiang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 92-96.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.092 Abstract （474）      PDF （1144KB）（905）       Knowledge map    Save Submerged water-jet propulsion is a new development of traditional water-jet propulsion technology. The current study systematically analyzes the propulsion efficiency, the interaction between the hull and the water-jet and the specific speed of the propulsion pump based on the concept of this type of water-jet propulsion. It firstly establishes the mathematical modelling of the specific speed and the advance coefficient of the waterjet-propelled ship that are described by principal parameters of the hull and the propulsion system. The range of the speed and the specific speed of the propulsion pump for the submerged propulsion system has been demonstrated to reveal the mechanism of high efficiency. The variation of the main parameters of the propulsion system with the speed ratio and speed of revolution has been validated through case studies. It can provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of the submerged water-jet propulsion system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ship-Shore Compatibility and Practical Operation Points for LNG Carriers ZHANG Kun Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 97-106.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.097 Abstract （375）      PDF （1815KB）（904）       Knowledge map    Save Ship-shore matching verification is an important guarantee for safe berthing, unberthing, and efficient operation of ships. The basic procedure of the ship-shore compatibility study has been summarized through the confirmation and analysis of the ship-shore compatibility study before the handling operation during the berthing of the LNG carrier. The key points of the practical operation and control are pointed out by focusing on the information exchange between ships and shore, data collection and mooring analysis, with emphasis on the importance and necessity of the ship-shore compatibility study. The requirements and reasonable suggestions are provided for the monitoring of practical operation, the ship-shore safety check, the port state control inspection and the review of ships that have passed the ship-shore compatibility study but have not arrived at the port for a long time during the handling operation of berthing ships. The measures against the listed problems that arise from the insufficient compatibility study are provided to guide other receiving terminals to conduct sufficient compatibility study, ship-shore interface safety check and port state control inspection, and safely and efficiently finish relevant jobs, such as the berthing, operation, unberthing and re-berthing of the ships. The operation efficiency of the ships at shore stations is improved to achieve the optimal berthing operation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Overview of the Research and Development of River-Sea-Going Standard Ships Sailing on Specific Routes YU Quanhu Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 35-45.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.035 Abstract （224）      PDF （1181KB）（882）       Knowledge map    Save The current study aims at the promotion of river-sea-going transportation on specific routes and the improvement of the standardization level of the river-sea-going ships. It reviews the revisions of the technical standards, principal dimension series of standard ship types and the navigation management regulations for the river-sea-going ships on specific routes, as well as the navigation conditions of the Jiangsu section of the Beijing Hangzhou Canal to Yangshan port. Combined with the analysis of the state-of-the-art of the typical river-sea-going ships on the specific route, the technical characteristics of the standard ship types are analyzed in terms of the ship principal dimensions, cabin arrangement, hull structure, ship hull form, propulsion and speed, energy-saving and resistance reduction technology, seaworthiness and seakeeping capabilities, draft and floating state, green ship technology, intelligent ship and navigation aid technology. Finally, four hull form schemes are briefly introduced. The policy implementation and the vigorous development of the shipping market demand show a good development prospect for this ship type. Based on the life cycle assessment, the green and energy-saving intelligent ships using advanced technology while meeting the energy efficiency design index (EEDI) become an important development direction for the standard ship types. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art in Predicting the Added Resistance of Ship Advancing in Waves LIU Shukui Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 1-24.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.001 Abstract （399）      PDF （2219KB）（880）       Knowledge map    Save Along with the advancement of the International Maritime Organization’s strategy on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the prediction of added resistance in waves has become a hot issue during the last decade. As a second-order wave force, the mechanism of added resistance in waves is not only related to the characteristics of the ship itself, but also to its operating conditions and marine environment. However, the experimental determination and numerical prediction of the added resistance in waves have remained a challenge due to various technical constraints. This study briefly presents the state-of-the-art of various methods for the prediction of the added resistance in waves by reviewing and commenting the development of various methods, such as experimental methods, potential flow methods, viscous flow methods, semi-empirical methods and data-driven methods. In addition, based on a newly developed semi-empirical formula, a new type of contour diagram of the average added resistance for a ship sailing at various speeds under various sea states is presented to facilitate engineering applications. Finally, the prime concern of the future research is proposed based on thorough discussion. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and CFD Simulation of Marine Ammonia Fuel Supply System SUN Rui, HUANG Chaojun, SONG Xiuli, LIU Jiancheng, SITU Yingfeng, YI Zhijin Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 81-88.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.081 Abstract （499）      PDF （1770KB）（877）       Knowledge map    Save The liquid ammonia pressurized supply and ammonia capture are carried out based on the demand of ship main engine powered by ammonia fuel. The current study firstly sets up a three-stage pressurized supply mode with a buffer tank, and then analyzes and simulates the key points such as the form of fuel tank, stepped pressurization, elimination of pipeline gas resistance, inerting explosion prevention and ammonia emission capture. The simulation results show that the backflow pressure of the fuel is within the preset range, and this design can achieve stable supply to the main engine after pressurization and temperature increase, and can achieve the effective capture and process of ammonia emissions. The system analysis shows that it is feasible and stable to adopt the semi-cooled and semi-pressurized fuel tank, combined with a two-stage pump and a buffer tank, forming a three-stage pressurization system. The use of water mist spraying combined with adsorbers can effectively capture the ammonia and control ammonia emissions within 22.8 mg/m 3. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Architecture and Key Technologies of Intelligent Buoy System LAI Yuelong, LI Kai, FU Yujia Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 111-121.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.111 Abstract （222）      PDF （1804KB）（875）       Knowledge map    Save With the exploration and development of the ocean, human's demand for ocean data is increasing. As an automatic observation station for marine hydrometeorology, marine buoys have been assigned more and more functions with the support of technology, and have been used in all aspects of exploration and development of the ocean. However, the current application scenarios of marine buoys are relatively monotonous, and their information transmission is still affected by factors such as climate environment and communication distance. In order to meet the growing demand for ocean data, an intelligent buoy system based on the combination of marine buoy technology, submarine optical cable fiber technology and network technology is proposed with imaginations of several application scenarios of this system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Requirement Analysis and Research Methods of Maneuverability Design for Icebreaker LIU Xiaojian, LIU Yi, WEI Yuefeng Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 123-134.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.123 Abstract （203）      PDF （1424KB）（871）       Knowledge map    Save The maneuvering of ships sailing in Polar Regions is much more complex than those in conventional waters, imposing hazards on ships sailing in Polar Regions. However, there are currently few analysis and research on the characteristics and maneuverability design requirements of polar icebreakers. This study introduces the polar environment related to the maneuverability of icebreakers, such as the wind, wave and current, shallow water, narrow waterway, low temperature and low visibility. It also analyzes the classification and ship characteristics of the icebreakers in Russia and other countries, and summarizes the relevant requirements of maneuverability standards for maneuvering devices on ice breakers with pod, multi-propeller and multi-rudder. In order to meet the requirement of maneuverability design, it introduces the maneuverability research methods such as the model test, full-scale test and numerical simulation of ice breakers, and the calculation methods for the ship-ice interaction forces such as the empirical formula method, finite element method and discrete element method. The above analysis and summary can provide references for the maneuverability design of icebreakers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Marine Carbon Reduction Technology Under the International Maritime Organization's Shipping Carbon Emission Policy QU Ziyi, KONG Cunjin, YIN Honghao, ZHANG Derong, DU Min Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 25-38.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.004 Abstract （577）      PDF （1972KB）（859）       Knowledge map    Save The shipping industry, as a major emitter of greenhouse gases, has increasingly highlighted the urgency of carbon reduction. A series of mandatory policies and regulations on carbon emissions in the international shipping industry have gradually entered into the mandatory implementation stage in order to reduce carbon emissions in the shipping industry. The shipping industry is therefore facing enormous pressure on carbon reduction. The current study reviews and summarizes the shipping carbon emission policies and regulations issued by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and compares the feasibility and applicability of various carbon reduction technologies in the shipping industry from both policy and technical aspects. The carbon capture technology is a direct and effective technology for the current shipping industry to address the carbon emission regulations. Based on the state-of-art of the carbon capture technology for ship exhaust gas, the challenges faced by the ocean-going ships in using carbon capture technology are analyzed from the technical requirements, operating costs and energy consumption, combined with the operation characteristics and exhaust emission characteristics of the ocean-going ships. The suggestions and measures are provided for appropriate marine carbon capture technology. The development direction of the carbon capture technology for the exhaust emissions of the ocean-going vessels is prospected based on the historical data. This study can provide references for the formulation of the carbon emission policies for China's shipping industry and the development and application of the ship carbon reduction technologies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art and Overall Configuration of Drilling System Equipment for Ocean Drilling Vessels JIA Xiangfeng, LI Yawei, ZHAO Tao Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (05): 67-76.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.05.067 Abstract （123）      PDF （2518KB）（838）       Knowledge map    Save Ocean drilling is one of the main means for human beings to understand the ocean and exploit deep-sea resources. The technical level and ability of ocean drilling vessels determine the process of marine resources exploitation, and are also an important guarantee for building China into a strong maritime power. The technical level of the deep-sea drilling system equipment matched with ocean drilling vessels directly determines the function and progressiveness of ocean drilling vessels. This paper investigates the drilling system equipment of three major ocean drilling vessels in the world (the US's “Glomar Challenger” and “JOIDES Resolution” and Japan's “Chikyu”) and the configuration of the drilling systems of the “Offshore Oil 708” deep-sea survey ship, the “Marine Geology No. 10” survey ship, and the “Blue Whale No. 1” ultra-deepsea drilling platform that are independently built in China. Combined with the functions and operation modes of China's ocean drilling vessels, the overall scheme and the configuration requirements of the key equipment for the drilling system of future ocean drilling vessels are proposed with consideration of the strategic needs of ocean scientific drilling, offshore oil and gas drilling, hydrate trial production and deep-sea mineral resources exploration. Finally, the state-of-the-art of the key equipment in China is briefly analyzed to provide implementation suggestions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Design of Large Methanol Dual-Fuel Bulk Carrier KUAI Jingjing, LU Hua Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 109-117.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.010 Abstract （375）      PDF （2118KB）（800）       Knowledge map    Save To meet the increasingly stringent requirements of CO X emission control, the key technologies of the methanol fuel as a propulsion power are studied based on a 210 000 tonnage conventional fuel bulk carrier, including the arrangement of the methanol fuel tanks, the design of the filling and supply system for the methanol fuels, and the safety and firefighting requirements for the methanol fuel application. Thus, a type of 210 000 tonnage methanol dual-fuel bulk carrier is developed. This vessel meets the requirements of MSC. 1/Circ. 1621 guidelines and IGF Code of International Maritime Organization (IMO). It adopts a full-width aft deck, and two methanol fuel tanks arranged on both sides of the engine casing at the ship stern, without affecting the cargo handling, nor reducing cargo capacity. Under the methanol fuel model, the emissions of particulate matter and sulfur oxide are eliminated, the nitrogen oxide emissions meet the IMO Tier III standard, and the ship energy efficiency design index (EEDI) meets the requirements of the third phase. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Amphibious Vehicles–Requirements and Applications of Surface Vehicle Propulsion Technology SUN Xuguang, QIU Sicong Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (06): 22-27.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.06.022 Abstract （416）      PDF （1122KB）（793）       Knowledge map    Save This article introduces the development process of amphibious vehicle equipment and technology, the first generation of displacement amphibious vehicles have been developing revolutionarily towards the third generation of high-speed amphibious vehicles after decades of technological updates and upgrades. It also analyzes the key technologies and development trends of the overall design of amphibious vehicles, such as the configuration design of the sliding vehicle, the hydrodynamic matching design, the conversion and control of the operation conditions, and the waterway safety. The new concept of unmanned amphibious platform is of great significance for the future changes of the combat styles and the improvement of the asymmetric combat capabilities. It also puts forward more urgent application requirements for the surface vehicle propulsion technologies such as the high-power electric-driven waterjets and electrically-controlled vectored thrusters. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of International Ship Damage Stability Based on SOLAS Convention ZHANG Wei, QIAO Xuefeng, GAO Xiaolei, SUN Mingyu Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 35-43.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.035 Abstract （369）      PDF （1424KB）（767）       Knowledge map    Save The hull damage accidents during the voyage may cause the environmental pollution and the safety problem of the life and belongings of the crew onboard. It is also of great concern to the international shipping industry. The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS Convention) has evolved for over 100 years since it was firstly proposed in 1914. The regulations on ship damage stability have experienced from the deterministic damage to the equivalent probabilistic damage, and then to the harmonization of probabilistic damage of passenger ships and cargo ships based on formal safety assessment, involving continuous development and improvement of the study of the ship damage stability and relevant regulations. It briefly introduces the development of the international ship damage stability based on SOLAS Convention, and presents the driving force and direction of the development of the regulations combined with several damage accidents and relevant studies. The development of the damage stability is summarized in order to deepen the understanding of the current regulations, which is beneficial to the safety design of ships. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Analysis of Retrofitting of New Fuel LNG Power System for Ships MA Chaochao, ZHENG Jian, ZHENG Zhimin Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 89-96.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.089 Abstract （273）      PDF （2409KB）（736）       Knowledge map    Save With the increasing emphasis of the international community on low-carbon and emission reduction, LNG fuel, as the most important transitional clean energy, has received more attention. Some shipowners have begun to retrofit their fleets with clean fuel power, but there are some difficulties in the retrofitting of fuel power systems for large ships. The LNG power retrofitting of a 15 000 TEU large container ship has been examined to analyze and study several design methods for the retrofitting of the new fuel system by focusing on the LNG fuel tank, main engine, generator and boiler, gas supply system, filling system and auxiliary system. This study can provide a design method as a reference for the ship retrofitting of the new fuel power system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art and Development of Marine SCR Technology LIN Rui, PENG Jiajie, HE Tianzhi, WANG Shuxin, TONG Yuzhou, CHEN Yong, DAI Libo Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 69-80.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.069 Abstract （616）      PDF （1415KB）（734）       Knowledge map    Save Marine selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology is an efficient NO X removal technology, which has been widely applied in shipbuilding industry. However, the marine SCR technology also needs to be adjusted with the continuous improvement of the environmental requirements and the changes in marine energy structure. Nowadays, most marine SCR technology uses Urea-SCR technology, which is greatly affected by impurities in the marine fuel oils and the temperature of the exhaust. The high level of sulfur and alkali metals in the marine fuel oils has significant toxicity on catalysts, limiting the use of marine SCR. The diesel engine that mainly used on ships determines the range of the temperature change of the exhaust, which finally affects the denitrification of the exhaust gas through the influence on the effect of urea hydrolysis to produce ammonia, the layout of the SCR rectors and the catalyst activity. The above situation indicates that the design of an LP-SCR system with exhaust gas heating will be an important direction of the design of the SCR for the ships using marine fuel oils as fuel. It is critical to find safe source or method of supplying ammonia with high production efficiency and precise control for the development of marine SCR systems. Improving the fuel quality and reducing the toxicity effect in the smoke can provide a foundation for the research and development of new low-temperature and anti-toxic catalysts. The low-carbon and zero-carbon fuels become a global trend due to carbon neutrality, resulting in different exhaust emissions after combustion and then the change of SCR control technology. The zero-carbon and low-carbon fuels have single and reducible composition, and have the potential to be SCR reducing agents. The integrated processing SCR technology that uses the fuels itself for NO X removal will become an important direction for the development of marine SCR under the goal of carbon neutrality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Typical Thrusters in High-Performance Ships XIAO Haisong, PAN Lufeng, SHI Zeyu, ZHENG Haoran Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (03): 43-51.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.03.004 Abstract （231）      PDF （2037KB）（724）       Knowledge map    Save Thruster is the core equipment of ship navigation, and the choice of thruster is the core factor affecting the combat effectiveness of ship. The state-of-the-art of typical thrusters has been outlined based on the development of the equipment and technology of high-performance ships. It focuses on the relationship between the propulsion system and the ship hull with a systematic analysis from two aspects: the influence of requirements of ship multiple operation conditions, high speed and low noise on the development of the propulsion technology, and the improvement of the performance of ships by the development of propulsion technologies such as special propeller propulsion and waterjet propulsion. The effects of using propellers and waterjets on the resistance, maneuverability and noise of the ship are compared based on the full-scale and model test data of a 600 t law enforcement platform and a Swedish Navy Vessel. Combined with the state-of-the-art of high-performance ships in China, the development of the thruster technology is finally prospected to meet the requirements for the overall performance improvement of ships. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Thoughts on Environmental Test of Polar Equipment SUN Wei, FU Xueqing, MENG Dayu Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 112-117.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.112 Abstract （249）      PDF （1498KB）（723）       Knowledge map    Save The Arctic region is rich in resources with important strategic value. China, as a stakeholder in the Arctic region, urgently needs to promote the construction of polar equipment and conduct environmental tests of polar equipment, compared with the development of polar equipment in the United States, Russia and other countries. The article examines the impact of the complex natural environments such as low temperature, ice accretion/freezing rain, chloride ions and microorganisms in the Arctic on the equipment, and discusses the requirements, conditions and precautions for the tests of low temperature, ice accretion/ freezing rain, salt spray and microbial corrosion of the polar equipment. The complex polar environment has a coupling impact on the equipment, which should be considered in the environmental test. In addition to natural environmental factors, mechanical environmental tests must also be carried out according to the requirements of the standard. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration and Technical Requirements for the Development of China's Polar Marine Equipment WU Gang, ZHOU Haojie, SHEN Yue, QIN Qi Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (04): 1-10.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.04.001 Abstract （272）      PDF （2097KB）（682）       Knowledge map    Save Polar marine equipment is the main carrier for human participation in polar activities. The suggestions for the division of the polar marine equipment system are provided in the current study. The key directions for future polar marine equipment in China are found based on the historical development of China’s polar marine equipment and the comparative analysis of similar equipment types at home and abroad. Nine technical disciplines for polar ships are proposed and three major technical requirements are listed and elaborated by combining with the engineering research and development of heavy icebreakers. It can provide references for the research and development of relevant equipment technologies in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Saddle Structure of Type C LNG Fuel Tanks Transversely Arranged in Large Container Ships CHEN Lekun, ZHANG Sihang, HAN Yu Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 63-69.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.063 Abstract （225）      PDF （1542KB）（672）       Knowledge map    Save Environmental friendly dual-fuel propelled ships are becoming popular for new shipbuilding. In order to maximize the capacity utilization and take into account the scantlings of the container hold, the type C LNG fuel tanks are transversely arranged below the superstructure in the large dual-fuel container ships. Compared with the LNG carrier, the safety of the traditional saddle structure becomes insufficient due to the significant changes of the load acted on the hull. The optimized arrangement plan and structure design of the saddle are proposed in the current study. The strength and fatigue of the saddle and its supporting structure are analyzed by using the finite element method, and compared with those of traditional saddle design. The results show that the optimized saddle structure can significantly improve the stress distribution and increase the fatigue life. It can provide references for the structure design of the saddle for large container ships with type C LNG fuel tanks. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical Simulation of Collision Between a Polar Ship Bow and Floating Ices LIU Xin, FU Yuxiao, JIANG Wujie, NI Baoyu Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 115-122.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.115 Abstract （210）      PDF （1672KB）（654）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the polar navigation equipment is of increasing concern with the decreasing coverage and thickness of the arctic sea ice. Compared to traditional navigation areas, the sea ice will interact frequently with the ships in arctic regions, which is also one of the main causes of the fatigue damage of the hull structure. It is therefore of significant importance for the prediction of the dynamic structural response of ships sailing in Polar Regions to simulate the dynamic process of the ship-ice collision and analyze the influencing factors. The ice material parameters that can be applied to the commercial software LS-DYNA are proposed, with feasibility verification according to the P-A curve of ISO. The modeling of the bow is then established to simulate the collision between the bow and the floating ice under the operation conditions with bow speeds of 5kn, 6kn and 7kn, respectively, and a floating ice size of 10m×10m×0.6m, and then analyze the impact of the parameters. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Connotation and Classification of Smart Ships LI Lu Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 19-25.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.002 Abstract （280）      PDF （1749KB）（651）       Knowledge map    Save Major shipbuilding countries in the world have started the development of smart ships since the 21st century. Recently, efforts have been made to accelerate the strategic layout in the field of the smart ships. As an important industry competitive highland, the proper approach for the development of the smart ships that is suitable for the domestic shipbuilding industry can be formulated only by deeply understanding its connotation, fully recognizing its professionalism, complexity and difficulty, and clearly clarifying its development direction. The connotation of the smart ships is clarified, and the differences and difficulties of the shipbuilding industry compared with other industries are analyzed in detail. After the discussion of the necessity of the classification of the smart ships, it proposes a method and procedure for the definition of the classification of the smart ships based on the system engineering, explained further by taking the White Paper on the Development of Smart Ships as an example. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and Future Development of Scientific Research Autonomous Underwater Vehicles in Polar Regions CHEN Chi, WU Gang, JIA Dongdong, QIN Qi, LI Yuan Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 59-69.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.006 Abstract （288）      PDF （2251KB）（648）       Knowledge map    Save As polar scientific exploration requires broader range, deeper space, and more data collection, unmanned equipment emerges frequently in the polar research expeditions from various countries, helping researchers to have a comprehensive and thorough understanding of the polar environment. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) have gradually become indispensable equipment for the polar underwater scientific research in the new century due to their advantages of autonomy and versatility. Therefore, it is essential to review the application of scientific research AUVs in polar regions and anticipate their future development. This article begins with a basic introduction to AUVs, followed by analysis of the main purposes and advantages of the AUVs in polar regions based on the summarization of the thirty polar AUV operations in the world. The challenges encountered by the AUVs applied in polar regions are discussed to present the development of the AUVs suitable for the polar scientific research. Additionally, thoughts are also proposed for the design of a new generation of polar research vessels equipped with unmanned equipment such as AUVs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Technical Analysis of Liquefied Hydrogen Carrier JIN Yanzi, ZHU Zilong, DUAN Bin, LONG Chan Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 1-8.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.001 Abstract （288）      PDF （1557KB）（630）       Knowledge map    Save Hydrogen is the ultimate clean energy to achieve zero carbon emissions. The storage and transportation of the liquefied hydrogen at sea has the characteristics of high storage and transportation efficiency and low long-distance transportation costs, which are crucial for the promotion and use of hydrogen energy worldwide. In the transnational and transregional liquefied hydrogen trade, large-capacity liquefied hydrogen carriers are the most economical, convenient and flexible storage and transportation tools, as well as strategic marine equipment with high technical difficulty and promising market value in the future. At present, the design and construction projects of the liquefied hydrogen carrier in the world are gradually increasing. Japan, South Korea and some European countries have taken the lead in exploring the cross-border liquefied hydrogen trade, and have conducted the corresponding research on the marine liquefied hydrogen carrier. However, research on the liquefied hydrogen carrier in China is still in the conceptual design stage, and the formulation of relevant specifications and guidelines is also in the early stage. The technical development and characteristics of the overall design, the liquefied hydrogen containment system, the liquefied hydrogen cargo handling system and the power system of the liquefied hydrogen carrier are analyzed to provide technology reference and guidance for the research, development and design of the liquefied hydrogen carrier and relevant equipment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development, Dilemma and Breakthrough of Ship Digitization Design Technology ZHANG Yi, LEI Yuying, QI Ming Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 70-77.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.008 Abstract （396）      PDF （1853KB）（628）       Knowledge map    Save The shipbuilding industry, especially the ship design, faces major opportunities and challenges with the promotion of digitalization. While the digital design improves the quality and efficiency of the ship design, there are still many difficulties in the ship design. The current urgent issues to be considered are to further optimize the design process, improve the efficiency, reduce the cost and achieve the autonomous control through digital technology. Innovative countermeasures are provided by analyzing the possible difficulties that may arise from the integration of the ship design and the digital technology. Furthermore, the current study introduces how the ship digital design platform achieves a breakthrough in general ship design through the unified object-oriented data management core and the time-period refresh mechanism. It explores a technical route of independent development characteristics for the research and development of ship digital design software with independent intellectual property rights. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics