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Review of Offshore Equipment Market in 2024 and Future Prospects ZHANG Hui, JIN Weichen Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 37-45.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.039 Abstract （361）      PDF （2104KB）（5975）       Knowledge map    Save In 2024, the global offshore market witnessed a countertrend rebound with a double-digit surge in order values, indicating a renewed market recovery. Optimistic signals have emerged in the current offshore market. On the demand side, the expectation of international oil prices stabilized around $70 per barrel with minor fluctuations. The emerging nations continue to show great potential in offshore oil and gas exploration. Under the background of offshore oil accelerating towards the deep seas, orders for large-scale high-value oil and gas equipment such as floating production storage and offloading units (FPSOs) and floating liquefied natural gas systems (FLNGs) remain substantial. The rapid growth in demand for the offshore wind market and the imbalance in ship supply among various countries are still intensifying. On the supply side, the supply of the fleet will keep tight, and the production load of shipyards will remain full. Additionally, increasing stringent green and environmental protection requirements in maritime field are accelerating the demand for fleet renewal and the green transitions among offshore shipowners, in order to meet the new specification requirements. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress in the Secondary Flow Model and Experimental Method of Turbomachinery CAI Youlin, ZHANG Heng, FENG Peiyuan, WANG Jun, SUN Chong, WANG Lixiang Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 13-27.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.200 Abstract （191）      PDF （3959KB）（518）       Knowledge map    Save The secondary flow is the concomitant flow of the mainstream, which generally exists in nature and turbomachinery, most typically in the turbomachinery. The secondary flow in the turbomachinery not only changes the motion of the mainstream, deteriorates the flow field, induces the boundary layer separation, intensifies the jet wake at the exit, but also generates flow losses and noise. It is therefore of increasing concern of scholars and has risen to the same research level as the potential flow theory. Since 1950s, scholars at home and abroad have studied the phenomenon of the secondary flow from the perspectives of theoretical analysis, experimental research and numerical simulation, gradually understanding the flow mechanism and structure of the secondary flow in turbomachinery and establishing a continuously improving mathematical model, loss assessment and experimental methods for the secondary flow. Starting from the phenomenon of the secondary flow, the flow structure, mathematical model, and loss calculation and test methods of the secondary flow of the turbomachinery are reviewed and summarized. It is pointed out that the classical theoretical model of the secondary flow based on streamwise vortex built by ZANGENEH has some limitations. The key directions for future research are proposed based on the S3 flow surface theory of the secondary flow. It can provide references for the improvement of the flow field quality and the hydrodynamic performance of various types of turbomachinery, including waterjet pumps. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Ship Integrated Design Technology Based on Unified Data Model ZHANG Yanchang, LI Siyuan, LIU Jianfeng, CHEN Gang Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (03): 56-69.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.099 Abstract （400）      PDF （4477KB）（501）       Knowledge map    Save In the era of digital transformation, to address uncertainty, improve quality and efficiency, and enhance enterprise profitability, integrating digital technology into ship design technology to reconstruct a full three-dimensional (3D) ship design model has become a design development trend. A model-based integrated 3D digital design definition and technical connotation are proposed by using Hexagon Smart 3D as the 3D design platform. The solutions for 2D-driven 3D rapid modeling, integration of CAD/CAE, integration of detailed design and production design, 3D submission for approval and design tool development are also discussed. A number of design tools are developed based on parametric modeling and knowledge-driven approaches, forming a modeling strategy and design master schedule (DMS). This addresses the integration of CAE/CAD and the integration of detailed design and production design, enabling the share and reuse of the unified data sources and model data, as well as the 3D design collaboration among various design departments. The research results have been applied in merchant ships and cruise ships, laying a solid foundation for reconstructing the fully 3D design model of ships. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A Review of Local Path Planning Algorithms for Unmanned Ships JIN Yuan, LOU Jiankun, WANG Hongdong, WANG Zhihong, ZHANG Yongzhou Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (03): 10-22.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.067 Abstract （491）      PDF （1852KB）（491）       Knowledge map    Save Autonomous navigation systems serve as the foundation for unmanned surface ship operations, with local path planning algorithms being crucial components of these systems. The local path planning algorithms for unmanned surface ships are systematically reviewed, focusing on commonly used algorithms including the A*, Artificial Potential Field, Rapidly-exploring Random Trees, Dynamic Window Approach, Velocity Obstacle and intelligent optimization algorithms. It analyzes their fundamental principles, strengths and limitations, and summarizes their applications in path planning of unmanned surface ships. Current local path planning algorithms have demonstrated practical utility in simple scenarios such as open waters. However, significant challenges remain in complex situations, primarily due to high-density unstructured navigation environments, highly dynamic and strongly nonlinear environmental disturbances, and multi-constraint, multi-objective mission scenarios. It is recommended to further investigate the constraint-loading mechanisms of maneuvering motion models, advance multi-algorithm collaborative planning theories for full-mission scenarios and develop large model-driven decision-making and planning methodologies for unmanned surface ships. These efforts aim to address local path planning challenges in complex environments and missions. It can provide systematic references for theoretical research and engineering applications of local path planning technologies for unmanned surface ships. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Summary and Outlook of Global New Shipbuilding Market CAO Bo Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 28-36.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.037 Abstract （387）      PDF （3836KB）（448）       Knowledge map    Save The global new shipbuilding market achieved historic growth in 2024, with three major shipbuilding indicators of new order, completions and orderbook reaching highs since 2007, 2012, and 2010, respectively. China's shipbuilding industry continues to lead global growth, setting new historical records in main indicators and consolidating its leadership position in global shipbuilding. Since the onset of market recovery, driven by both internal and external factors, the global new shipbuilding market has been on the rise, reaching new milestones. The future market trend has become a critical focus for the shipbuilding industry and its upstream and downstream sectors. Analyzing the factors that influence the new shipbuilding market, quantifying potential variables, forecasting market trends, and stabilizing the expectations of sustainable development in the shipbuilding industry have become important tasks in the research of the market and industry. It provides a reference for the stable development of the ship industry by reviewing the development of the global new shipbuilding market in 2024, analyzing the influencing factors in 2025, and predicting future trends. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Uncertainty-Based Ship Design Optimization Method LI Heng, LIU Zuyuan, FENG Baiwei, ZHENG Qiang Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 1-12.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.151 Abstract （325）      PDF （3056KB）（394）       Knowledge map    Save In ship design optimization, uncertainties in design variables or operational environments may prevent the ship performance from achieving the optimal objectives under the design conditions, and even lead to drastic performance deviations, causing the original design scheme to fail. The uncertainty-based design optimization method has been introduced into the ship design in order to mitigate the influence of uncertainties on the ship performance and enhance the robustness and reliability of ship design schemes. A mathematical model for the ship design optimization under the influence of uncertainties is established, along with its corresponding solution process. This method is then applied to the design optimization of a bulk carrier. The optimization results show that compared with the deterministic optimization scheme, the uncertainty-based optimization scheme is superior, and its robustness and reliability have been significantly improved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Status, Challenges and Prospects of Under-Ice Communication, Positioning and Navigation Technologies in Polar Regions CHEN Chi Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (05): 71-90.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.133 Abstract （231）      PDF （7112KB）（346）       Knowledge map    Save Communication, positioning and navigation (CPN, referred to as “communication and navigation” in Chinese, where “positioning” is integrated into “navigation”) are crucial for all marine vehicles, and it is more essential for under-ice vehicles operating in polar regions. As human beings step into the polar regions with higher latitude and larger depth, underwater vehicles are more active in under-ice scientific surveys. However, compared to open-water environments at lower latitude regions, the under-ice CPN in polar regions is very special and the relevant CPN technologies also face unique challenges. Hence, the development of under-ice CPN technologies in polar regions also differs from that in other regions. This study reviews the current status and challenges of under-ice CPN technologies in polar regions and provides a prospect for their future developments. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recursive Algorithm for Hydraulic Calculation of Complex Pipe Networks WU Pengfei, WANG Zhaowen, GAO Jinjun, WANG Gaoshuai, CHEN Lin Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 82-94.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.094 Abstract （217）      PDF （4426KB）（345）       Knowledge map    Save Hydraulic calculations of complex pipe networks are generally solved by professional software. This study investigates the process of recursively modeling complex pipe networks and solving their hydraulic calculations based on a recursive algorithm. An algorithm of oscillatory convergence and alternately driving recursion is proposed to address the multi-path recursive states arising from multi-inlet complex pipe networks, whose calculation results fully comply with the requirements for pipeline calculations in engineering fluid mechanics. The calculation program developed according to this algorithm enables one-click import of the pipe network models and directly calculate the flow rates and the pressure distribution of the pipe network. The program code is highly encapsulated and portable. In the final section, the fire-fighting system of a domestic luxury cruise ship is analyzed. The program directly calculates the flow rates and the pressure distribution after simplified modeling, determines the fire-pump parameters, and identifies the critical locations of the pipe network, which provides guidance for the design. The results show that the proposed algorithm and program can calculate complex pipe networks. It can provide a calculation reference for the design of complex pipe networks and even the determination of the principal parameters of the system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and Application of Equipment for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships TANG Min, CHEN Hualong, WEN Yuanqiao, DONG Shengli, WEI Muheng, LI Yongjie Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (03): 1-9.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.038 Abstract （266）      PDF （3966KB）（316）       Knowledge map    Save Maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) represent a critical direction for the development of current maritime industry. Their health development requires support from a comprehensive equipment system. Aligned with the International Maritime Organization’s Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships Code framework, this study focuses on the implementation of remotely operated vessels with autonomous capabilities. Through systematic analysis of the technological requirements for autonomous marine equipment, this study investigates the establishment of an overall architectural framework, a supporting equipment system, and processes for autonomy design and level evaluations. The key points and recommendations for the research and development of onboard autonomous functional systems and digital-intelligent equipment are proposed. It provides a systematic framework for the commercial application of autonomous ship equipment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Simulation Verification of Hybrid Power System for Hydrogen-Fueled Ships Based on MBSE Method ZHU Mingsi, ZHOU Yilai, SUN Li Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (03): 97-109.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.017 Abstract （213）      PDF （7323KB）（298）       Knowledge map    Save Hydrogen fuel cells have emerged as an important development direction for future marine power sources. With rapidly increasing complexity in ship power systems, traditional document-centric systems engineering methods fail to meet the research and development demands for rapid iterative of hybrid power systems. To address this, a design and verification method is proposed for the hybrid power system of hydrogen-fueled ships based on Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) method. Firstly, the SysML language is employed to perform the hierarchical decomposition modeling at the overall, system and subsystem levels according to the requirement definition, functional analysis and logical design based on the overall engineering requirements. The functional logic rationality of the model is then verified through the integrated simulation verification of the model. Finally, a Simulink simulation model is built to simulate and calculate the performance parameters of the hybrid power system of the hydrogen-fueled ship. The feasibility of the design and verification process and the effectiveness for the design iteration of complex systems are validated on the hybrid power system of a hydrogen-fueled ship. It can provide a reference for the application of MBSE method in other ships. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of Intelligent System for a 14 000 TEU Container Ship ZHOU Yilong, SHI Junqi, WANG Liancheng Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (03): 45-55.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.010 Abstract （208）      PDF （2647KB）（283）       Knowledge map    Save Considering that the research on intelligent ship technology in China is still developing, intelligent ship systems have not yet been widely applied in large ocean-going carriers. The design principles are formulated for the intelligent ship system scheme of a 14 000 TEU container ship in compliance with the class notion requirements. According to the actual configuration of the hardware facilities for data sampling in the perception layer of this ship, an integrated architecture is developed by combining the intelligent ship integration platform with various intelligent application functions. The system composition, data utilization, and functional implementation of intelligent navigation, intelligent engine room, and intelligent energy efficiency management system are introduced in detail. The results indicate that the system can achieve intelligent upgrades in route optimization, system monitoring, energy consumption control, decision-making support, and ship management for operating ships. The network security protection strategies are implemented for the risks existing in ship shore data interaction. It provides the selection basis and optimization direction for the future engineering applications of integrated ship intelligence. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of a 3D Hull Automatic Modeling Software Based on Computer Vision Technology CHEN Chunyan, LI Guangnian, DU Lin, YANG Sujun, GUO Haipeng Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (03): 79-88.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.153 Abstract （236）      PDF （2395KB）（265）       Knowledge map    Save To address the issues of high training costs and low efficiency in conventional manual hull modeling methods, an intelligent software for 3D geometric hull model generation from 2D lines plan has been developed, enhancing the automation of modeling and production efficiency. This modeling software, which is developed and designed using python, simulates the human visual system to extract, analyze and interpret the hull lines information from 2D drawings in units of pixel clusters. First, it reads, identifies and processes 2D lines plan (JPEG or PNG format) obtained from screenshots or scans, and maps the 2D profile points to 3D point cloud data according to the spatial relationships among the three views. Then, it generates the hull surface through information densification, thereby simplifying the modeling process from 2D plans to 3D models. Finally, accuracy verification results show that the modeling software based on computer vision technology can quickly convert the 2D lines plan in image form into the 3D hull models, demonstrating its reliability. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Intelligent Guidance Strategy for Ship Entry Into Lock Chamber Based on Reinforcement Learning WANG Daijun, CAI Wei Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (03): 34-44.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.013 Abstract （196）      PDF （3037KB）（263）       Knowledge map    Save To improve the efficiency of ship entry into the lock chambers and intelligently guide the ship into the ship lift chambers safely and efficiently, the Markov decision-making model is used to model the ship entry process based on the reinforcement learning method. The model training results are compared to identify the optimal solution by setting different reward functions and time steps. Subsequently, an intelligent navigation aid system is obtained by software development. Finally, a sea trail is conducted by using a typical ship passing through the lock chamber. The results show that the optimal maneuvering strategy not only reduces the number of operations but also enables faster arrival at the destination. Furthermore, the theoretical entry time planned by the navigation aid system is 124 seconds shorter than the actual entry time, corresponding to a 34.4% reduction in entry time. The research can provide references for the intelligent guidance of ship entry into the lock chambers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Virtual-Real Simulation Method and System for Multi-USVs Recovery CHENG Zhiqiang, SHI Yuling, XIE Wenhao, LI Zihao, TANG Guoyuan Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (03): 23-33.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.052 Abstract （206）      PDF （4039KB）（261）       Knowledge map    Save To address the complexities, high costs, and iterative challenges between theoretical research and practical deployment in the recovery process of multi-unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), a virtual-real simulation method and system have been designed based on virtual-real data synchronization mechanisms and high-fidelity rendering via Unity 3D technology. This approach enables simultaneous theoretical research and practical debugging, effectively reducing iteration cycles and lowering costs. The system comprises physical USVs, virtual USVs, and a USV virtual testing platform, and the corresponding method is implemented through this system architecture. Physical USVs generate motion state data through their hardware, software systems, and recovery control strategies, while virtual USVs produce corresponding data through simulations. Through real-time synchronization and interaction of virtual-real data, the constructed USV virtual testing platform facilitates high-fidelity state monitoring, intuitive visualization, and high-confidence validation of recovery strategies. Comprehensive experiments indicate that this method can replace large-scale physical deployments with small-scale physical tests, fully integrating the advantages of real hardware and virtual environments to enable efficient, safe, and low-cost validation of multi-USV recoveries. Furthermore, the designed virtual-real simulation method and system provide a convenient and efficient testing platform for validating the recovery process of larger-scale USV formations and clusters. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Low Surface Energy Fouling-Release Coating for Marine Propellers GAO Chu, SUN Jiawen, QIU Weiqiang, DUAN Jizhou Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (03): 132-145.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.002 Abstract （275）      PDF （3277KB）（258）       Knowledge map    Save Corrosion and biofouling impose serious hazards to the normal operation of marine propellers. The current research on the protection methods for marine propellers focuses on the propeller material itself, with insufficient attention to the propeller protective coating technology. This study introduces the anti-fouling principle of low surface energy fouling-release coatings and the development of relevant technologies, discusses the prospects and development directions of organosilicon-modified low surface energy anti-fouling coatings applied to marine propellers, and looks to the future development of anti-fouling coatings for marine propellers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of Interceptors on Hydrodynamic Performance of Ships in Oblique Flow Based on CFD SONG Kewei, XU Pei, GE Shenwei, YANG Haiyan, MA Jincun Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 52-59.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.024 Abstract （205）      PDF （2676KB）（251）       Knowledge map    Save As an energy-saving and resistance-reduction device installed on the stern transom plate of the ship, the interceptor has been increasingly applied to medium to high speed ships. A medium-high speed displacement ship in oblique flow is numerically simulated by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software STAR-CCM+ to study the influence of the interceptor and its installation configurations on the hydrodynamic performance of the ship in oblique flow. The calculation results show that the installation of interceptors on both sides reduces the ship resistance by 2.7%~5.9% under the oblique flow condition. However, as the drift angle increases, the improvement of the near-wake flow, such as hollow and rooster tail flow, by the interceptor gradually weakens, resulting in reduced resistance reduction rate of the interceptor. Additionally, the blocking effect of the interceptor on the bottom flow generates high-pressure hydrodynamic loads at the stern, thereby increasing the yaw moment of the ship. It is therefore recommended to deploy interceptors on both sides or only on the lee side during oblique navigation. These findings further reveal the role of the interceptors, which can provide guidance for the decision-making of its use. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Multi-Objective Optimization Design and Analysis of Pressure Hull Based on NSGA-II Algorithm TAO Zhicong, WU Juncen, MENG Xianda, SUN Tong, ZHANG Ya Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (04): 66-74.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.209 Abstract （137）      PDF （1828KB）（240）       Knowledge map    Save To enhance the stability and safety of the underwater structure of the submersible pressure hull, this study focuses on its multi-objective optimization design, aiming to achieve a synergetic improvement of quality, strength and stability. The parametric analysis process is used to analyze the initial ring-stiffened pressure shell scheme, using the optimal Latin hypercube sampling method to explore the influence of design variables on target responses. A high-precision response surface model and a multi-objective optimization model are also established, thereby enabling the multi-objective optimization of the pressure hull using the NSGA-II genetic algorithm. The results show that among the four optimized schemes, the weight of scheme A and scheme C is reduced by 7.3 kg and 6.6 kg, respectively, while the ultimate strength of scheme B and scheme D is increased by 0.177 MPa and 0.031 MPa, respectively. It is confirmed that the multi-objective optimization method integrating response surface models and genetic algorithm can effectively improve the performance of submersible pressure hull. It can provide a valuable reference for the design of deep-sea exploration equipment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experiments on Nonlinear Behavior of Deep-Sea Moored Synthetic Fiber Ropes ZHANG He, ZENG Ji, JIAO Tingyu, JIN Bowen, ZHOU Jiade, LI Hangyu Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (04): 122-133.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.222 Abstract （199）      PDF （1585KB）（235）       Knowledge map    Save Ropes are critical components for mooring ships and offshore floating structures under periodic axial loads. To investigate the tensile properties and stiffness characteristics of deep-sea mooring polyester ropes, they are categorized into three stages: preloading, initial installation, and aging. Initially, the tensile properties of the ropes under static loads are examined, quantifying strain and reversible elongation rates at each stage and comparing mechanical properties of polyester ropes with those of nylon ropes. Subsequently, creep coefficient solution tests under varying tensions are designed, establishing a quasi-static stiffness empirical equation with consideration of the rope creep coefficients. Experiments have shown that the mooring ropes still undergo reversible elongation after unloading, and sufficient break-in period of the ropes can reduce their inherent deformation and increase their structural stability. Static stiffness of the ropes increases with loading time and force until it reaches a constant value. Polyester ropes have greater stiffness, smaller deformation and more stable structure than nylon ropes, making them more suitable for deep-sea mooring. The findings enable comprehensive analysis of rope stiffness evolution throughout its service life, thereby offering references for reasonable design of deep-sea taut-line mooring systems. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Edge Detection and Recognition Methods for Common Water Surface Targets WANG Yang, SHI Baochang Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 60-66.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.146 Abstract （228）      PDF （1972KB）（226）       Knowledge map    Save Surface unmanned vessels often operate in complex environments and require the ability to autonomously plan routes offline. Existing technologies rely heavily on long-range target recognition, while close range optical recognition can effectively serve as a perceptual tool to compensate for deficiencies. Although the marine environment is constantly changing, common target objects for recognition include reefs (on the water surface), islands, offshore production equipment (such as offshore wind turbines), and various types of ships. The images collected from marine environments have the characteristic of grayscale gradient. This article conducts theoretical simulation experiments on the effects and computation time of slant transform, Haar transform, slant Haar transform, Walsh Hadamard transform, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), and commonly used differential operators in extracting edges of common targets on water. Based on accuracy and noise resistance, Slant Haar transform was selected as the edge extraction operator to find the image attention area. Then use Hu invariant moments to identify the characteristics of ships in different driving states, providing a new technical approach for edge detection and recognition of common targets on water surfaces. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of IMO Greenhouse Gas Strategy on Ship Retrofitting Market WANG Xuan, LI Qin, ZHANG Yunsong, GUO Wei, CHEN Ling Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 46-51.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.178 Abstract （273）      PDF （1621KB）（226）       Knowledge map    Save The impact of the new strategy on reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) on the ship retrofitting market has been evaluated and studied. By analyzing the compliance with existing ship regulations and shipbuilding resource endowments at home and abroad, a detailed study is conducted on the impact of the implementation of the new strategy on the size, structure, regional differences, characteristics of the ship retrofitting market and the strategy of shipbuilding and ship repair enterprises. It shows that the implementation of IMO’s new strategy will promote the expansion of the global shipbuilding market based on green transformation, with an expected market size of 4 billion to 40 billion dollars. Additionally, it will drive the ship retrofitting market restructuring toward areas such as hydrodynamics, alternative fuels and post-processing technologies. It also promotes diversification, differentiation and customization in the shipbuilding and ship repair industry, providing data basis for market layout, strategic adjustment and resource allocation in the global shipbuilding and ship repair enterprises. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Calculation of Phase Lag Angle in Eddy Current Magnetic Field Based on Magnetic Variation Simulation Method WEI Zhangjian, WEN Haodong, NIU Lu, CHEN Zhichao, XIE Xiaomin, AN Dehong, XU Zhiming Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 74-81.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.022 Abstract （246）      PDF （1668KB）（225）       Knowledge map    Save To meet the degaussing service requirements, the phase lag of the eddy current magnetic field in conductors needs to be studied and calculated for better magnetic compensation of conductors. A method for calculating the phase lag angle of the eddy current magnetic field in the conductors has been proposed based on magnetic variation simulation method. Firstly, the calculation method of the phase lag angle of the eddy current magnetic field in the conductors is deducted theoretically. Subsequently, the external excitation magnetic field is applied in the conductor space by using the magnetic variation simulation method in the COMSOL software, and the simulation results are consistent with theoretical calculations with an average error of 0.025%. Finally, the eddy current magnetic field measurement experiment is carried out to validate the accuracy of the theoretical and simulation results, with an average error of 2.48%, satisfying engineering requirements. The simulation analysis and experimental validation therefore show that this approach enables rapid and precise calculations of the phase lag angle of the eddy current magnetic field at different frequencies, which can be used in practical engineering calculations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and Prospects of Nuclear Power Technology for Ships HU Keyi, WANG Bing Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (05): 1-13.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.133 Abstract （932）            Knowledge map    Save With the continuous advancement of decarbonization in the maritime industry, especially after MEPC 80 setting the goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, the application of low-carbon/zero-carbon fuels has become a major focus. The large-scale adoption of energy sources such as liquid ammonia, liquid hydrogen, green methanol, and LNG is gradually accelerating. Nuclear energy, as a clean energy source, is also of increasing interest to the maritime industry. With the development of fourth-generation small modular reactor (SMR) technology, the inherent safety attributes of reactors have been enhanced while reducing the risk of radiation leakage, making nuclear energy a possible propulsion method for large commercial vessels. Starting from the decarbonization needs of the maritime industry, the current use of nuclear energy as a marine propulsion method has been introduced with a focus on the recent technological developments of fourth-generation SMRs. It particularly analyzes their development potential as marine small reactors and proposes key factors that should be considered for their application onboard ships. It focuses on the unique application advantages of molten salt reactors (MSRs), especially thorium-based solid-fueled MSRs, for civilian ships. It also analyzes and prospects the application of SMRs in Suezmax oil tankers, ultra-large container ships, and floating power generation platforms. It can provide theoretical support and references for subsequent engineering applications of nuclear power in ships. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Kernelized Correlation Filters Object Detection and Tracking Algorithm Based on Binocular Vision TAO Limin ,ZHANG Jing, HAN Wei, TANG Tao, JIANG Bicheng Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 95-102.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.156 Abstract （205）      PDF （2462KB）（207）       Knowledge map    Save In view of the continuous technological innovation in marine engineering and the growing demand for enhanced adaptability to complex sea conditions, the binocular vision-based KCF (Kernelized Correlation Filters) algorithm is used as the target detection method based on the wave compensation device detection system. Based on the binocular vision, this method detects the load motion, capture the image feature points, calculates the position of the load in the inertial reference frame through coordinate system transformation, and monitors the spatial position and attitude of the replenished object in real time. The relative movement between the load and the replenishment ship can be eliminated by controlling the six-degree-of-freedom motion of the load, thereby achieving wave compensation. Program is developed under the Ubuntu system based on the robot operating system (ROS). Comparison and simulation are then conducted with a wave compensation prototype to validate the feasibility of the proposed detection and tracking method. The results indicate that this method is suitable for wave compensation systems. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Optimization of Redundant Compound Engine Room Ventilation System HUANG Ji, WU Lei, WANG Xianli, WANG Tongmeng Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (03): 110-121.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.073 Abstract （204）      PDF （7981KB）（198）       Knowledge map    Save With the increase of the installed engine power and redundancy requirements, the specification of the engine room ventilation system has been expanded, imposing difficulties on the design and layout of the engine room. A compound engine room ventilation system is introduced by combining frequency conversion fans and water-cooled internal circulating system. The CFD method is utilized to simulate a ship under several basic working conditions, optimizing the parameters of engine room fans, the layout of engine room air coolers, and the nozzle angles of jet fans. The results show that the compound engine room ventilation system effectively reduces the specification of the engine room ventilation with improved economy and flexibility. It can provide a reference for the design of engine room ventilation system for similar vessels. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ensemble Deep Transfer Learning Method for Fault Diagnosis of Waterjet Pump Under Variable Working Conditions LI Gangqiang, GENG Hao, XIE Fuqi, XU Changjian, XU Zengbing Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 103-111.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.167 Abstract （198）      PDF （3059KB）（195）       Knowledge map    Save An ensemble deep transfer learning method for fault diagnosis based on soft voting is proposed for diagnosing waterjet pump faults under variable working conditions. The source domain and few target domain data samples are normalized after FFT transformation and then fed into three deep transfer learning diagnosis models for training: the CORAL based deep transfer metric learning model, the MMD based deep transfer metric learning model, and the transfer component-based deep belief network. The target domain test samples are diagnosed and analyzed based on this approach. An ensemble deep transfer diagnosis model is subsequently established by combing the soft voting method to obtain the final diagnosis results. Through the diagnosis of three different types of faults in waterjet pumps under variable working conditions, the results show that the proposed ensemble deep transfer diagnosis model not only effectively addresses the high-precision fault diagnosis of waterjet pumps under variable working conditions, but also has better diagnostic accuracy than the single deep transfer fault diagnosis model. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of Plant Factories for Long-Endurance Polar Research Vessels AN Yuhui, HUANG Rong, LI Zhengmou Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (05): 131-138.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.008 Abstract （130）      PDF （1539KB）（181）       Knowledge map    Save Polar research vessels demand increasingly greater endurance due to their special scientific research missions. A marine plant factory solution is proposed to address the problem of vegetable shortage for long-endurance polar research vessels, ensuring continuous supply of vegetables. The applied research of plant factory technologies for polar research vessels is conducted by discussing the key technologies, environmental control requirements and type selection of marine plant factories. A design method for the plant factory on long-endurance polar research vessels is then presented to provide references for ship designers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Environmental Monitoring Procedures Based on Deep-Sea Polymetallic Nodule Mining Trials in Western-Pacific Mining Region CHEN Xi, LI Zhiyu, ZHANG Xin, TONG Bo Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (04): 100-110.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.215 Abstract （191）      PDF （1172KB）（175）       Knowledge map    Save The Western-Pacific region contains abundant polymetallic nodule resources. Effectively exploiting these resources is of great significance for the metal resources supply in China. To verify the feasibility of deep-sea mining and achieve commercial mining, it is necessary to conduct in-situ sea trials of the mining system in the mining area and develop environmental monitoring procedures to assess the impact of the mining operations on the environment. This study focuses on the monitoring content and monitoring plans by establishing a set of environmental monitoring and impact assessment procedures. It details the environmental monitoring procedures for sea trials across pre-trial, in-progress, and post-trial phases. The results show that polymetallic nodule mining is feasible in the Western-Pacific region. However, the impacts of mining plumes and sediments on the bottom marine ecosystem should be considered carefully, alongside the formulation of effective mitigation measures. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A CATIA-Based 3D Parametric Modeling Method for Structural Design ZHENG Yi Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (03): 70-78.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.032 Abstract （249）      PDF （2442KB）（172）       Knowledge map    Save A three-dimensional (3D) parametric modeling method is proposed for structural design, combining a design logic-based modeling approach with a parametric modeling approach. By utilizing the linking mechanism of CATIA V6 software, the structural design hierarchy and 3D modeling hierarchy are unified, reflecting design relationships through model associations among 3D features to form a layer-driven 3D model. The user-defined feature-based parametric method addresses the stability limitations of traditional modeling methods while enabling batch control of design objects through parametric tools, significantly improving design efficiency. Furthermore, this method has been applied to the structural design and preliminary design calculations for a ship’s cargo hold, with results being validated. The presented method can provide references for the 3D structural design of other ship types. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Status and Trends of Ocean Drilling Vessel Technology Development ZHANG Haibin, YIN Xianfeng, HE Jinhui, YU Liang, HU Lin, SI Songpeng Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (04): 1-12.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.101 Abstract （223）      PDF （3391KB）（170）       Knowledge map    Save This article summarizes the four main stages of the development of international ocean scientific drilling: deep sea drilling project, international ocean drilling program, integrated ocean drilling program and international ocean discovery program, and introduces the main scientific achievements obtained during each stage. China also participated in the above stages, leading four voyages across three ocean scientific drilling projects, and achieved a series of scientific achievements in the South China Sea. The development of international ocean scientific drilling is closely related to the development of ocean drilling vessels. The development of worldwide ocean scientific drilling equipment is chronologically introduced with a focus on the technical characteristics of China's first ocean scientific drilling vessel, the “Mengxiang”. Finally, the development of the ocean scientific drilling technology is analyzed based on the development history of the ocean drilling and the update and iteration of the ocean drilling vessels. It can provide references for the development of the international ocean scientific drilling. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and Progress of Hydrodynamics of Ship-Shaped Aquaculture Cages WANG Feipeng, ZHANG Jun, ZHU Yuheng, GENG Zhixin, WANG Fang Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (04): 27-36.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.097 Abstract （336）      PDF （1282KB）（169）       Knowledge map    Save As the core equipment for deep-sea aquaculture, the hydrodynamic research on ship-shaped aquaculture cages is crucial for ensuring their structural safety and farming reliability under extreme sea conditions. This paper systematically integrates the framework of "theoretical research-numerical simulation-model validation" used in the hydrodynamic study of ship-shaped aquaculture cages and reviews the relevant hydrodynamic analysis theories. The research status is reviewed from three aspects: hydrodynamic responses of the hull and mooring system, hull structural strength, and fluid-structure interaction effects of the netting. Furthermore, the key challenges in the hydrodynamic analysis of ship-shaped cages are analyzed: the complexity of multi-physics strong-coupling modeling, the accuracy-efficiency trade-offs in netting simulation, the bottlenecks in predicting nonlinear responses under extreme environments, and the lack of full-scale validation data. Finally, four future research directions are proposed: developing a multi-field wave-structure-mooring-netting interaction model, advancing the refined modeling technology for complex marine environments such as typhoons and internal waves, introducing intelligent algorithms to optimize the dynamic response of mooring systems, and developing hydrodynamic optimization and control technologies for intelligent submersible systems. This review provides theoretical support for the hydrodynamic mechanism research and engineering safety application of ship-shaped aquaculture cages. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Study on Flow Field Characteristics of Low Specific Speed Axia Flow Pump ZHU Hualun, YANG Mengzi, WANG Zonglong, LIU Tengyan, GENG Haohan Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 112-121.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.136 Abstract （170）      PDF （5472KB）（150）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the flow field characteristics of a low specific speed axial flow pump under different flow conditions ( Q/ Q des=0.9, 1.0, 1.1), the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique is employed to measure the axial cross-sections of the pump at four locations: upstream of the impeller, inside the impeller, inside the guide vane, and downstream of the guide vane. And the pressure transducer is used to obtain the pressure distribution of the wall in the flow field of the pump. The results indicate that the velocity distribution upstream of the impeller shows consistent trends with axial acceleration along the axial direction under all three working conditions. A large velocity gradient is observed inside the impeller at different phases, displaying obvious acceleration near the hub along with concentrated high-speed regions. The velocity distribution inside the guide vane is similar, with more uniform high-speed regions and more stabilized flow under the design flow rate. The flow velocity downstream of the guide vane gradually increases in the mainstream direction, slowly accelerating at low flow rates and rapidly approaching the velocity in the mainstream region at high flow rates. As the flow rate increases, the pressure values at the monitoring points in the pump flow channel decrease. The main frequency of the pressure fluctuation is the blade passing frequency. And the pressure transition between the impeller and the guide vane gap is relatively smooth under the design flow rate with reduced flow losses. The experimental results can provide references for the design and performance optimization of the axial flow pump. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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An Improved YOLOv11-Based Target Detection Method for Underwater Hull-Cleaning Robots HONG Xinyang, JIA Bowei, CHEN Daoyi Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (04): 13-26.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.041 Abstract （326）      PDF （1613KB）（146）       Knowledge map    Save In underwater hull cleaning tasks, the detection and precise identification of fouling and obstacles by target detection technology are critical for enhancing the efficiency of automated cleaning. The current underwater-hull cleaning robots primarily rely on manual visual inspection for environmental perception and target localization, which imposes efficiency bottlenecks and safety hazards. An improved model, YOLO-HC, is proposed based on the YOLOv11 framework. The model enhances cross-scale feature extraction capability by constructing a Multi-scale Dilated Attention module (MSDA_C2PSA), optimizes multi-level target representation fusion by using a Bi-directional Weighted Feature Pyramid, and further improves detection robustness by integrating multiple attention mechanisms into the dynamic detection head. In experiments on a self-built underwater hull surface dataset, the model achieved 87.0% and 62.4% on the mAP@0.5 and mAP@0.5:0.95 metrics, with increases of 2.2% and 3.4% compared to the baseline model, respectively. It provides an accurate and efficient target detection method for underwater hull cleaning tasks, advancing the goal of intelligent and unmanned hull cleaning. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Situation and Marine Research of Epidemic Prevention Assistant Robot LIU Yuan, CHEN Tao, LIN Wuxiong Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (03): 122-131.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.020 Abstract （195）      PDF （1533KB）（144）       Knowledge map    Save The epidemic prevention assistant robot refers to an automated device designed to assist crew members in epidemic prevention. In maritime epidemic prevention, the application of such robots onboard helps reduce the workload of crew members and mitigate the risk of epidemic transmission. Based on existing technical documents and market product information, combined with practical requirements, this study analyzes the feasibility of deploying two conventional functions—delivery and disinfection—of epidemic prevention assistant robots on ships. It further compares and analyzes their advantages over alternative methods. To implement the delivery and disinfection function of the robots onboard, the adaptability of key technologies for these conventional functions of the epidemic prevention assistant robots is demonstrated and analyzed around the issues such as ship oscillation during navigation and limited compartment spaces. Technical recommendations for shipboard robot applications are then provided. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on a Non-Iteration Design Method for the Reinforcement Structures of Cylindrical Pressure Shell With a Single Orthogonally Hole HUANG Lei, LING Bo, CHEN Luyu, ZHANG Zhengyi, XIE De Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (04): 56-65.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.061 Abstract （144）      PDF （2491KB）（130）       Knowledge map    Save The analysis object of this paper is a cylindrical pressure shell with a single orthogonally nozzle and reinforcement structures, consisting of a nozzle wall and an insert plate. Taking the non-iteration design process of the reinforcement structures of this cylindrical pressure shell as an example, this paper proposes a non-iteration design method based on the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT). This work provides a reference for the design of structures without the need of iteration design process. The non-iteration design method proposed in this paper includes three parts: dataset generation, generation of the non-iteration design surrogate model, and development of a dedicated APP for non-iteration design. Firstly, a machine learning dataset is obtained by the parametric finite element analysis through ABAQUS-Python for the reinforcement structures of the cylindrical pressure shell. Then, based on the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree and the multi-output regressor, a non-iteration design surrogate model is generated based on the dataset. Finally, a dedicated forward design APP (HUST-FWD01) is developed to standardize the non-iteration design and verification processes for the reinforcement structures. The results show that the dimensions of the reinforcement structure can be obtained without the need of iteration by the non-iteration design surrogate model, which is generated based on the non-iteration design framework proposed in this paper. In the surrogate model, the maximum stress near the opening of the pressure shell is used as the input, and the dimensions of the reinforcement structures are the outputs. The verification examples show that the errors are all within 3% between model inputs and the FEA results corresponding to model outputs. The research results can provide a design method without the need of iteration for the reinforcement structures of cylindrical pressure shell with a single orthogonally hole as well as the structures akin to them. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Security System of Aquaculture Vessels LIU Biyue, SUN Mingbo, MA Zhenping Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (04): 47-55.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.165 Abstract （153）      PDF （1245KB）（122）       Knowledge map    Save Currently, marine security is becoming increasingly severe, with incidents of harassment, attack, and sabotage against vessels occurring frequently. Aquaculture vessels, operating long-term in deep seas, are particularly susceptible to various forms of harassment, attack, and sabotage, which seriously threaten their safe operation. Additionally, aquaculture vessels also face significant internal security risks. It is therefore necessary to establish a complete security system for the aquaculture vessels to ensure their safe operation. The potential security risks are categorized into external risks and internal risks based on the characteristics of an aquaculture vessel. Accordingly, it constructs the external and internal risk security systems, clarifies the overall composition and workflow of the external security system, and establishes a “scenario-personnel” double closed-loop laboratory security system, as well as proposes specific security measures against violent and terrorist crimes. From the perspectives of monitoring, emergency, and supervision, an integrated security system is established to ensure the safe operation of aquaculture vessels. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Evaluation Method of Rescue Capacity of Island Rescue Vessels TANG Qingzhi, CUI Meng, WU Xudong Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 67-73.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.068 Abstract （199）      PDF （1122KB）（115）       Knowledge map    Save Island rescue vessels need to navigate shallow waters and dock at small piers on reefs, so their displacement is usually limited. The arrangement of various rescue equipment within a confined space is challenging, necessitating appropriate trade-offs. By establishing a quantitative assessment method for rescue capabilities, combined with the overall performance and rescue equipment configuration of different design schemes, the rescue capacity of the vessel can be evaluated in the early design phase to ensure it meets mission requirements. This assessment method has been successfully applied in the design of relevant island rescue vessels. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On the Internal Flow Mechanism of a Azimuth Waterjet Propulsion System YAN Peng, ZHANG Ruizhi, ZHOU Jiajian, ZHANG Yan, CHEN Jianping Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 122-129.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.142 Abstract （182）      PDF （3609KB）（113）       Knowledge map    Save Azimuth waterjet propulsion system can broaden the navigation range of the ship, enhance the adaptability of ships in the shallow water area and other complex environments, and improve the mobility of the ship, which has a wide range of application prospects. In this paper, the numerical simulation was applied to investigate internal flow of azimuth waterjet propulsion system, the accuracy of numerical simulation was validated by experiment. The thrust and efficiency at different speeds were compared, the entropy generation rate is introduced to evaluate the loss ratio of different hydraulic component, the internal flow fields of azimuth waterjet propulsion system were analyzed in detail to reveal the flow mechanism caused by the variation of speed, which will provide guidance for the optimization design of azimuth waterjet propulsion system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration on Cross Platform Migration of Message Mechanism for Ship Design Software ZHANG Wenlong Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (03): 89-96.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.148 Abstract （159）      PDF （1296KB）（113）       Knowledge map    Save The migration of China's ship design software to domestic platforms becomes crucial for enhancing national innovation autonomy and reducing technological dependence against intensifying international competition. However, conventional domestic cross-platform strategies, such as system reconstruction or Browser/Server (B/S) architecture conversion, remain incompatible with ship design software. The domestically developed NuCAS system is examined to explore a new cross-platform migration strategy for message mechanisms applicable to shipbuilding industrial software. Through in-depth analysis of the technical framework and code structure of the message mechanism of the NuCAS system, multiple migration strategies are evaluated to innovatively proposed a migration strategy that rewrites the underlying core message mechanism of MFC (Microsoft Foundation Classes, a Windows API class library) based on the cross-platform Qt framework while preserving the upper-layer application code. This strategy successfully resolves the challenge of the seamless conversion of message mechanisms between MFC and Qt frameworks. The results demonstrate that the modified NuCAS system operates stably on domestic platforms, meeting the localization requirements of ship design software. It provides a groundbreaking approach for the cross-platform migration of message mechanisms in shipbuilding industrial software. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Fractal-Wave Compensation Adaptive Algorithm in Trestle Retrofit CHEN Jianjun Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (05): 28-35.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.159 Abstract （144）      PDF （1442KB）（109）       Knowledge map    Save With the promotion of carbon peak and carbon neutrality strategy, offshore wind power is developing towards deep waters, facing server challenges of strong winds and waves. Traditional personnel transportation methods have significant safety hazards in harsh sea conditions, seriously restricting the high-quality development of project construction. It is therefore necessary to explore new methods for offshore resource support under complex sea conditions. Based on the fractal characteristics of waves, a fractal-wave compensation adaptive algorithm is proposed by combining with the active wave compensation and adaptive principles. An adaptive compensation trestle model is then established on the basis of this algorithm. The adaptive operation and maintenance ship is transformed through the installation of adaptive compensation trestles. Compared with the traditional operation and maintenance ship, the adaptive operation and maintenance ship transformed from an offshore wind power maintenance ship in the South China Sea can effectively solve the safety issues of personnel boarding. At the same time, the utilization rate of the sea window is increased by 3.5 times, the efficiency of the transfer personnel is increased by 3.3 times, and the comprehensive economic benefit is increased by 10.3%. The adaptive operation and maintenance ships have significant advantages in operations under complex sea conditions. It can provide resource support for subsequent deep-sea offshore wind power projects. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Airflow Balance and Equipment Cooling Capacity Parameters in Galley Systems of Ocean Drilling Vessels MA Shuang, CHEN Yong, XIONG Xiaoyang, CHEN Xu Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (04): 134-141.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.102 Abstract （141）      PDF （1345KB）（107）       Knowledge map    Save As a strategic national asset ensuring the security of China’s energy resources, the summer extreme heat environmental condition and complex air flow composition of the ocean drilling vessels have become one of the key challenges in the design and construction. By establishing the balance formula of air volume inside a galley, this study sorts and analyzes the airflow parameters such as air conditioner air supply, air intake outside and inside the cabin and air mechanical exhaust. Based on the cooling capacity calculation method for fresh air conditioners specified in ISO 9943:2009, and incorporating personnel comfort requirements, this study proposes a solution for adjusting air conditioning cooling capacity parameters under extreme heat conditions exceeding standard environmental design specifications. Using an ocean drilling vessel as a case study, calculations were performed to develop recommended cooling capacity parameters for such extreme conditions on this vessel. This provides a reference for engineers to clarify air flow composition in complex cabins and to select appropriate cooling equipment under extreme heat environments. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics