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State-of-the-Art and Prospects of Installation Methods for Offshore Wind Turbines JIN Jingzhe, GAO Zhen Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (03): 1-20.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.03.001 Abstract （431）      PDF （6710KB）（939）       Knowledge map    Save The difficulty and cost of the installation of offshore wind turbine (OWT) increases with the rapid development of the scale of the global offshore wind industry, the continuous enlargement of the capacity of the wind turbine and the development of wind farms towards deep sea. The installation methods suitable for large wind turbines (10 MW and above) in deeper waters and harsh sea conditions shall be thoroughly studied and refined to address this situation. Therefore, this article introduces and discusses the main installation methods of OWTs and the characteristics of OWT installation vessels, as well as their future development needs. On this basis, the installation difficulties of current OWTs are summarized. The research progresses in the numerical simulation of the OWT installation are further reviewed. The scheme of combining numerical simulation with the planning and on-site construction stages of wind turbine installation is discussed in detail to ensure safe construction and improve installation efficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Marine Carbon Reduction Technology Under the International Maritime Organization's Shipping Carbon Emission Policy QU Ziyi, KONG Cunjin, YIN Honghao, ZHANG Derong, DU Min Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 25-38.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.004 Abstract （577）      PDF （1972KB）（859）       Knowledge map    Save The shipping industry, as a major emitter of greenhouse gases, has increasingly highlighted the urgency of carbon reduction. A series of mandatory policies and regulations on carbon emissions in the international shipping industry have gradually entered into the mandatory implementation stage in order to reduce carbon emissions in the shipping industry. The shipping industry is therefore facing enormous pressure on carbon reduction. The current study reviews and summarizes the shipping carbon emission policies and regulations issued by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and compares the feasibility and applicability of various carbon reduction technologies in the shipping industry from both policy and technical aspects. The carbon capture technology is a direct and effective technology for the current shipping industry to address the carbon emission regulations. Based on the state-of-art of the carbon capture technology for ship exhaust gas, the challenges faced by the ocean-going ships in using carbon capture technology are analyzed from the technical requirements, operating costs and energy consumption, combined with the operation characteristics and exhaust emission characteristics of the ocean-going ships. The suggestions and measures are provided for appropriate marine carbon capture technology. The development direction of the carbon capture technology for the exhaust emissions of the ocean-going vessels is prospected based on the historical data. This study can provide references for the formulation of the carbon emission policies for China's shipping industry and the development and application of the ship carbon reduction technologies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Typical Thrusters in High-Performance Ships XIAO Haisong, PAN Lufeng, SHI Zeyu, ZHENG Haoran Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (03): 43-51.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.03.004 Abstract （231）      PDF （2037KB）（724）       Knowledge map    Save Thruster is the core equipment of ship navigation, and the choice of thruster is the core factor affecting the combat effectiveness of ship. The state-of-the-art of typical thrusters has been outlined based on the development of the equipment and technology of high-performance ships. It focuses on the relationship between the propulsion system and the ship hull with a systematic analysis from two aspects: the influence of requirements of ship multiple operation conditions, high speed and low noise on the development of the propulsion technology, and the improvement of the performance of ships by the development of propulsion technologies such as special propeller propulsion and waterjet propulsion. The effects of using propellers and waterjets on the resistance, maneuverability and noise of the ship are compared based on the full-scale and model test data of a 600 t law enforcement platform and a Swedish Navy Vessel. Combined with the state-of-the-art of high-performance ships in China, the development of the thruster technology is finally prospected to meet the requirements for the overall performance improvement of ships. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration and Technical Requirements for the Development of China's Polar Marine Equipment WU Gang, ZHOU Haojie, SHEN Yue, QIN Qi Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (04): 1-10.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.04.001 Abstract （272）      PDF （2097KB）（682）       Knowledge map    Save Polar marine equipment is the main carrier for human participation in polar activities. The suggestions for the division of the polar marine equipment system are provided in the current study. The key directions for future polar marine equipment in China are found based on the historical development of China’s polar marine equipment and the comparative analysis of similar equipment types at home and abroad. Nine technical disciplines for polar ships are proposed and three major technical requirements are listed and elaborated by combining with the engineering research and development of heavy icebreakers. It can provide references for the research and development of relevant equipment technologies in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Technical Analysis of Liquefied Hydrogen Carrier JIN Yanzi, ZHU Zilong, DUAN Bin, LONG Chan Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 1-8.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.001 Abstract （288）      PDF （1557KB）（630）       Knowledge map    Save Hydrogen is the ultimate clean energy to achieve zero carbon emissions. The storage and transportation of the liquefied hydrogen at sea has the characteristics of high storage and transportation efficiency and low long-distance transportation costs, which are crucial for the promotion and use of hydrogen energy worldwide. In the transnational and transregional liquefied hydrogen trade, large-capacity liquefied hydrogen carriers are the most economical, convenient and flexible storage and transportation tools, as well as strategic marine equipment with high technical difficulty and promising market value in the future. At present, the design and construction projects of the liquefied hydrogen carrier in the world are gradually increasing. Japan, South Korea and some European countries have taken the lead in exploring the cross-border liquefied hydrogen trade, and have conducted the corresponding research on the marine liquefied hydrogen carrier. However, research on the liquefied hydrogen carrier in China is still in the conceptual design stage, and the formulation of relevant specifications and guidelines is also in the early stage. The technical development and characteristics of the overall design, the liquefied hydrogen containment system, the liquefied hydrogen cargo handling system and the power system of the liquefied hydrogen carrier are analyzed to provide technology reference and guidance for the research, development and design of the liquefied hydrogen carrier and relevant equipment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development, Dilemma and Breakthrough of Ship Digitization Design Technology ZHANG Yi, LEI Yuying, QI Ming Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 70-77.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.008 Abstract （396）      PDF （1853KB）（628）       Knowledge map    Save The shipbuilding industry, especially the ship design, faces major opportunities and challenges with the promotion of digitalization. While the digital design improves the quality and efficiency of the ship design, there are still many difficulties in the ship design. The current urgent issues to be considered are to further optimize the design process, improve the efficiency, reduce the cost and achieve the autonomous control through digital technology. Innovative countermeasures are provided by analyzing the possible difficulties that may arise from the integration of the ship design and the digital technology. Furthermore, the current study introduces how the ship digital design platform achieves a breakthrough in general ship design through the unified object-oriented data management core and the time-period refresh mechanism. It explores a technical route of independent development characteristics for the research and development of ship digital design software with independent intellectual property rights. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Overview of the Development of Equipment and Technology for Deep-Sea Polymetallic Nodule Mining FEI Long, ZHENG Chengrong, JIN Qiang, PAN Fang Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (06): 1-14.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.06.001 Abstract （129）      PDF （6981KB）（461）       Knowledge map    Save With the increasing depletion of global land resources, deep-sea polymetallic nodules, as a potential and abundant mineral resource, have attracted widespread international attention. This paper systematically elaborates on the operational process and equipment composition of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining, reviews the progress of domestic and foreign experimental activities in the field of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining, and focuses on sorting out the key equipment and technologies applied or developed globally in aspects such as deep-sea mining platforms, underwater collection systems, mineral lifting systems, and environmental monitoring systems. After analyzing the gap in the development of domestic equipment technology, this paper puts forward targeted suggestions, aiming to promote the development of China’s deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining equipment technology, in order to realize the development and utilization of deep-sea mineral resources. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hydrodynamic Performance Prediction of Planning Crafts Based on Overset Grid ZHANG Chenliang, MENG Yang, LIU Xiaojian, WANG Jinbao Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 78-87.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.009 Abstract （134）      PDF （3954KB）（409）       Knowledge map    Save Planning craft, whose weight is predominantly supported by hydrodynamic lift, has the advantages of lower resistance and faster speed. It is widely used in various scenarios such as entertainment, rescue and military applications. The amplitudes of the pitch and heave in the sliding state during the sailing of the planning craft are higher than those of the traditional displacement ships, especially, periodic exit and entry similar as jumping phenomena will occur when the planning craft travels in waves. Compared with traditional displacement ships, the planning craft has larger amplitudes of the pitch and heave when it travels at the sliding state, especially, periodic exit and entry similar as jumping phenomena will occur when it travels in waves. The resistance, propulsion and seakeeping performance of a deep-V planning craft (generic prismatic planning hull, GPPH) are numerically simulated by using a self-developed dynamic overset grid technology combined with the open-source CFD library OpenFOAM. The comparison between the numerical calculation results and the model test results shows that the dynamic overset grid technology can better capture the large pitch and heave of the planning craft. The periodic exit and entry of the hull generate large periodic slamming pressure on the bottom of the ship, and the numerical calculations can also provide reasonable predictions of the pressure. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of Research Progress of Ship Surf-Riding/Broaching Stability FENG Peiyuan, LIU Zhen, WEI Yuefeng Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (03): 21-29.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.03.002 Abstract （187）      PDF （2924KB）（402）       Knowledge map    Save Surf-riding/broaching is one of the five stability failure modes newly included into the Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria by the International Maritime Organization. It is considered to be the most complex one among the five failure modes due to its strong nonlinearity and chaotic characteristics, hence having high academic research value. This paper introduces the researches related to the surf-riding/broaching in recent years, elaborates the research progress of the theoretical prediction, numerical simulation, model test and specifications, as well as the research developments concerning the influence of the surf-riding/broaching on the ship design and ship operation. The key problems that have not been fully solved and the bottleneck technologies that need to be broken are analyzed based on the state-of-the-art of the ship surf-riding/broaching. It can provide references for the key research directions in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Structural Strength Evaluation Method for Fuel Tank of LNG Dual-Fuel Oil Tanker ZAHNG Li, LIN Li, WANG Gang Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 39-48.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.005 Abstract （180）      PDF （3946KB）（371）       Knowledge map    Save The seagoing ships using liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel are becoming popular for transportation ships with the increasing green and low-carbon requirements internationally. The International Maritime Organization has issued the International Code of Safety for Ships Using Gases or Other Low-Flashpoint Fuels (IGF code), which provides the principal requirements of the loads and design conditions for the design of the fuel tank containment systems using low ignition fuel. However, there is no guidance on the structural strength evaluation of the LNG fuel tank, and the coordination with the loading conditions and evaluation criteria for the transportation ships such as oil tankers, bulk carriers and container carriers, resulting in low operability. It carries out studies by combining the load requirements for the fuel tank design in the IGF code and the relevant requirements in the CSR. A direct calculation method for the structural strength of the fuel tank of an oil tanker using LNG fuel is proposed, including the model range, load conditions, and strength evaluation criteria. The finite element direct calculation for the fuel tank of a CSR oil tank is carried out for full-scale verification. The results show that the method is reasonable and feasible, and it can provide guidance for the structural strength evaluation of LNG fuel tanks of similar ships. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experiment Platform for Path Planning and Control of Unmanned SurfaceVehicle TANG Chuanyin, YAN Yu, XIA Jifeng, JI Wei, YANG Dongxing, WANG Shu, SHANG Haijiang Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 96-105.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.011 Abstract （179）      PDF （3605KB）（366）       Knowledge map    Save An experimental platform of an unmanned planning craft equipped with multiple sensors and control systems is proposed aiming at the insufficient system verification and evaluation of the path planning and obstacle avoidance control of the unmanned surface vehicle in real environment. The developed experimental platform integrates the LiDAR, depth camera, global positioning system(GPS), ultra wide band (UWB) positioning system, gyroscope and other sensors, and uses main controllers and bottom controllers based on the robot operating system(ROS) and Free_RTOS operating system. The experimental platform consists of the planing craft itself, the sensing system, the bottom controller and the remote monitoring system, including the upper positioning algorithm, the path planning algorithm and the actuator control algorithm. A comprehensive experimental platform including mapping, positioning and remote monitoring is built on the unmanned planning craft equipped with various sensors. The effectiveness of the path planning and obstacle avoidance control algorithm is verified by the navigation experiment of the planning craft. It is supposed to provide theoretical references for the technological development and application of unmanned surface vehicles. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Underwater Vehicle Autonomous Manipulation—Opportunities, Advances and Challenges XU Minghao, SIMA Can, ZHU Zhong, NI Tian, WU Haibo, GUO Jia, WU Yu Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (06): 60-80.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.06.006 Abstract （107）      PDF （4632KB）（337）       Knowledge map    Save Since the 21st century, human exploration of marine resources deepens, the increasingly sophisticated manipulation tasks in unstructured underwater environment put forward higher requirements and challenges for submersibles' operational capability. Interacting with the surroundings with robotic arm is a very important manifestation of such capability. However, autonomous underwater manipulation at this stage is yet in its infancy and various underwater intervention missions still rely highly on manual control, which is very likely to lead to inefficiency in continuous operation. Hence, improving the autonomy in underwater vehicle’s manipulation ability is an inevitable trend of marine equipment in the future. Overviews and existing problems of underwater manipulation are introduced in detail in this paper, and the enormous potential of autonomous underwater manipulation in ocean engineering and other fields is illustrated by comparing the limitations of traditional remotely controlled approaches. The current status of autonomous underwater manipulation is systematically reviewed and main limiting factors and challenges that constrain the development of this domain are analyzed, and the key technologies need to be developed towards industry application are pointed out. Finally, prospects for further development of this area in the future are made. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Idea of Ship Intelligence System Level Assessment Method Based on "Mission Plus Capability" LI Mingyuan, ZHAO Lili, YU Xiu, ZHA Yiqian, XU Liang Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (03): 118-128.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.03.013 Abstract （135）      PDF （2122KB）（329）       Knowledge map    Save The advancement of computer performance and the development of artificial intelligence technology have promoted the transformation of the shipping industry towards intelligence, and more and more ships are equipped with intelligent systems. Ship intelligent systems can replace crew members to perform various repetitive and harsh work, and play a very important role in improving work efficiency and safety. With the development of ship intelligent systems, there are significant differences in the intelligence levels of different systems. It is necessary to assign reasonable tasks based on the evaluation level of intelligence so that intelligent systems can autonomously complete them. Therefore, accurately evaluating the ability of intelligent systems is very important. This article first outlines the current research status and significance of ship intelligent system level assessment, and then introduces and analyzes existing intelligent system level assessment methods. Next, a cobweb model based on “task + ability” for evaluating the intelligence level of ship intelligent systems is proposed, and finally, this cobweb model is employed to assess the level of intelligence of the intelligent system installed on a specific scientific research vessel. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation of Personnel Evacuation Behavior for Cruise Ship Considering Conformity CHENG Shaojian, YANG Jikai, LI Zihan, LI Wei Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 49-58.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.006 Abstract （173）      PDF （3745KB）（317）       Knowledge map    Save Large crowds may show special evacuation behaviors in emergency situations due to conformity. The three-layer cruise ship in the European “SAFEGUARD” project has been examined in order to study the role of conformity in the emergency evacuation of cruise ships. A simulation model is established by using the Anylogic evacuation simulation platform, and the evacuation logic is written according to the cabin layout, the number and distribution of personnel of the cruise ship. The corresponding results are obtained by multiple personnel evacuation simulations. The reliability and accuracy of the simulation model are then verified by comparing the simulation results with the project dataset. The influence of different degrees of conformity on evacuation results is explored by adjusting the size of conformity factors based on the verified model. The results are compared with the prototype data. The results show that the visual field of the cruise ship is relatively narrow with fewer evacuation passages. The evacuation efficiency of cruise ships gradually decreases with the increasing degree of conformity, resulting in extended time to complete evacuation. Based on the actual situation of cruise ships, suggestions that are beneficial for evacuation are proposed to improve the evacuation efficiency, such as issuing instruction information, planning clear paths, and increasing emergency awareness training. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Noise Prediction of Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems in Public Areas of Cruise Ship LUO Zhen, SUN Yao, WANG Yifei Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 59-69.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.007 Abstract （125）      PDF （3603KB）（316）       Knowledge map    Save Luxury cruise ships often have large and numerous living areas. The accurate prediction, global analysis, and precise control of the noise of luxury cruise ships are of great significance for reducing the noise level in the living areas of luxury cruise ships and guiding the design and construction of luxury cruise ships. The previous studies on the prediction method and control measures for the noise in ship cabins mostly focused on the small cabins such as accommodation and often used a single method for noise simulation. A joint prediction model combining the empirical formulas, aerodynamic acoustics and statistical energy methods has been developed in order to quickly and accurately predict the noise caused by air conditioning and ventilation systems in large public areas of cruise ships. This model compensates for the accuracy limitations of the empirical formula method using the end and room correction, to achieve the precise simulation of the noise distribution characteristics caused by the complex air conditioning and ventilation systems in large spaces. It intuitively presents the contribution of various ventilation and air conditioning system noise sources to the noise in large spaces. The evaluation of noise in large spaces and noise reduction processing for areas beyond limits is furtherly completed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Status and Prospect of Titanium Alloys for Pressure-Resistant Structure of Deep-Sea Manned Equipment ZHANG Aifeng, LI Yanqing, XU Qiang, ZHANG Bowen, QU Ping, CHEN Wei Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (06): 81-91.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.06.007 Abstract （138）      PDF （2984KB）（313）       Knowledge map    Save Pressure-resistant structural materials are the foundation for supporting the descent and ascent of marine equipment. Titanium alloys, with their characteristics of lightweight, high strength, and corrosion resistance, have become the preferred materials for pressure-resistant structures in deep-sea manned equipment and show promising prospects for application. This article briefly describes the development history and research progress of typical deep-sea manned equipment such as submarines, submersibles, deep-sea workstations, and underwater laboratories, as well as their pressure-resistant structural materials. The current state of domestic titanium industry development and the research foundation in the titanium alloy material system for marine engineering, titanium alloy pressure-resistant structure manufacturing technology, and design and testing research is introduced. In combination with the technical characteristics of large deep-sea equipment titanium alloy structures, the article analyzes the key scientific and technological issues and application demands for titanium alloys used in pressure-resistant structures, providing a reference for the future development of titanium alloys for pressure-resistant structures in deep-sea manned equipment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Resistance Reduction of Container Ship Using Fairing Based on CFD WU Yaoyang, LIN Haihua, SUN Chengmeng, JIANG Deqi, LI Shilong Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (04): 97-105.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.04.011 Abstract （141）      PDF （3418KB）（304）       Knowledge map    Save The optimization of ship resistance is an important method to reduce the fuel consumption and improve the ship energy efficiency. The wind resistance of container ships accounts for a much larger proportion than that of other ships, which is a nonnegligible important part. The installation of a fairing at the bow has a significant effect on the wind resistance of the container ship. The total resistance and the wind resistance of a fully loaded container ship sailing at the design speed are calculated by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology. The mechanism of the resistance reduction using the fairing is analyzed by studying the reduction of the wind resistance and the total resistance due to the fairing when facing the wind at different wind speeds. The fairing can guide the flow and delay the flow separation, which effectively reduces the pressure resistance between the front and rear of the ship. The reduction of the wind resistance due to the fairing is stable at about 40%. The reduction of the total resistance due to the fairing gradually increases with the increase of the wind speed, and the resistance reduction can reach 2.91% under the wind speed of scale 8. The results can provide references for the practical design application and resistance evaluation of the fairing of container ships. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Vibration Response Characteristics of Marine Solar Photovoltaic Flexible Support Considering Ship Motion MA Jingyun, CHEN Zuogang, FENG Yukun Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (04): 85-96.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.04.010 Abstract （116）      PDF （5198KB）（288）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the energy conservation and emission reduction of the ship, a marine solar photovoltaic flexible support which can be laid on the deck has been designed based on the parameters and operation conditions of the KVLCC2, and the vibration response characteristics are analyzed. The effects of the wind load and the pitch and heave of the ship on the vibration response characteristics of the flexible support are studied by using the fluid-structure interaction decoupling calculation method. The results show that the amplitude and the average internal stress of the steel cable are the largest under the pitch condition, which have an adverse effect on the flexible support, followed by the pitch and heave conditions, and the lowest under the heave condition. The maximum structural stress occurs at the boundary of the steel cable support, and the plastic deformation will occur earliest if the external load increases further. The average stress and amplitude of the steel cable in the middle of the flexible support are the largest, and fatigue failure may occur under the cyclic stress and strain. The above conclusions provide a basis for the design, manufacture and daily use of the marine solar photovoltaic flexible support. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of Omnidirectional USVs Based on Paddle Wheels GAN Zhangze, LIU Zhiqiang, HUANG Ziye, XIANG Qingqing, JIANG Chenxi Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (04): 21-28.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.04.003 Abstract （106）      PDF （3017KB）（284）       Knowledge map    Save An omnidirectional unmanned ship platform is designed based on four paddle wheels to address the problems of large turning radius of existing garbage cleaning ships, especially poor maneuverability in small and narrow waters. A kinematic model has been firstly established for the dynamic analysis of the ship. The paddle wheel is stably controlled by using the fuzzy adaptive proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm, combing with the real-time motion data of the direct current (DC) motor encoder. The experimental results show that the omnidirectional USV can achieve transverse, longitudinal and oblique motion without changing heading angle. The trajectory tracking accuracy is high, with an error of within 10 cm, and the actual trajectory conforms to the expected one. This ship has advantages such as zero turning radius and shallow draft, which is suitable for garbage cleaning in small narrow waters. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Test Load Technology and Selection Application of Marine Medium Voltage DC Power Station ZHAO Jiquan, YANG Ya'nan, BAO Lei Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (03): 107-113.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.03.011 Abstract （126）      PDF （1689KB）（280）       Knowledge map    Save Under the background of the first shipboard application of the medium voltage direct current (DC) integrated power system, the technical principles and characteristics of several high-power medium voltage DC test loads that were successfully developed in China recently are studied aiming at the mooring test load requirements of the large-capacity marine medium voltage DC power station. The performance of these test loads is then summarized and compared. Finally, suggestion of designing an energy-feedback combined load system is proposed together with the actual application conditions of the test loads in the shipyard mooring test and the development of the marine test loads. The test load function can be achieved while reasonably utilizing the energy generated during the power station test, in order to provide a preliminary scheme of the load system. It can provide theoretical references for the selection and application of the subsequent large-capacity medium voltage DC power station test load. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Finite-Time Trajectory Tracking Control of Surface Vehicle Based on Adding a Power Integrator Technique ZENG Daohui, CAI Chengtao Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 9-18.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.002 Abstract （149）      PDF （2363KB）（273）       Knowledge map    Save A finite-time trajectory tracking control scheme based on the extended state observer is proposed for surface vehicles with model parameter uncertainties and unknown time-varying disturbances. Firstly, a novel finite-time control law is proposed based on the backstepping technique and “adding a power integrator” technique. The designed controller can ensure the trajectory tracking errors of surface vehicles converge to the neighborhood around the origin within a finite time by using continuous feedback. The finite-time stability of the closed-loop control system is then strictly proved using the Lyapunov theory. Finally, the simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of Storing Sewage and Grey Water in Ballast Tank of Ship WANG Huifang Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 19-24.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.003 Abstract （191）      PDF （952KB）（273）       Knowledge map    Save More and more ports and specific water areas prohibit ships from discharging sewage and grey water with the increasing requirements of the international community for marine environmental protection. The prohibition goes beyond the discharge requirements of the ship sewage and grey water under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Therefore, ships have to seek other possible tanks for temporary storage of the grey water and sewage that are not allowed to be discharged. This paper focuses on the current practice of temporarily storing sewage and grey water in ballast tanks during the operation of ships. The feasibility of storing sewage and grey water in ballast tanks has been explored by analyzing the discharge requirements of the D-2 standard for ship's ballast water under IMO BWM Convention and the discharge requirements of the ship sewage and grey water under the IMO MARPOL Convention. At the same time, in conjunction with the IMO's discussions on this issue, the technical and operational factors that need to be further considered for the temporary storage of the grey water and the treated sewage in ballast tanks are proposed to avoid the potential risk of violations caused by this approach. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Seagoing Ship Structure Rule System Based on Goal-Based Standards PAN Luyi, LIN Li, LUO Qiuming, WANG Gang Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (04): 106-117.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.04.012 Abstract （95）      PDF （2565KB）（263）       Knowledge map    Save Since the successful application of the IMO's Goal-Based Ship Construction Standard (GBS) in the hull structure rules for oil tankers and bulk carriers by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS), the GBS has gradually been promoted to various maritime fields and the development of specifications for all types of seagoing vessels. The state-of-the-art of the GBS in the research of rules for seagoing vessels at home and abroad is summarized to deeply analyze the technical characteristics of the hull structure rules based on the GBS. A framework is accordingly proposed for adoption of the GBS in the hull structure rule system of the China Classification Society (CCS). Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Integrated Logistic Support for Helicopters on Polar Ships TANG Qingzhi, LIU Peng, MA Tianshuai, HUANG Wei, WU Bin, YUAN Haitong Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (03): 90-95.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.03.009 Abstract （105）      PDF （1492KB）（257）       Knowledge map    Save A set of shipboard helicopter integrated logistic support helicopter integrated logistic support(ILS) methods adapting to extreme environmental conditions, such as polar low temperature and icing, is proposed in order to meet the increasing requirements of ILS for helicopters on polar ships in China. The current common polar rules, standards and ship configuration are studied to identify their incompatibility with extreme polar environments. Targeted improvement plans are then proposed based on relevant domestic and international systems. These improved helicopter ILS methods for polar ships can be selectively applied to the design and construction of new generation polar ships. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation Analysis of Cylinder Hoisting System Based on Subsea Installation Condition LEI Jingxi, LI Huan, WANG Chong Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 114-123.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.013 Abstract （108）      PDF （4091KB）（256）       Knowledge map    Save The mathematical models of the marine riser lowering blowout preventer (BOP) and the drill string lowering subsea Xmas tree are studied based on new type of cylinder hoisting system, in order to explore the feasibility of accurate operation and the performance of the auxiliary underwater equipment with drilling string compensation function. A simulation model of a cylinder hoisting system under the subsea installation condition is built on the AMESim platform. The subsea installation is simulated when the active drill string compensation is opened and closed under the class 4 sea condition. The maximum safe operation height of a single lifting and lowering operation is analyzed to discuss the impact of different sea conditions on the subsea installation. The results show that the cylinder hoisting system greatly improve the safety of the subsea installation due to its own active compensation function, and the sea condition has a great influence on the operation window and limit operation height. The research results can provide certain theoretical guidance for the national engineering implementation and the field application of the cylinder hoisting system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Implementation of Prediction Software for Longitudinal Vibration Characteristics of Ship Shafting LIU Yifeng, LI Xie, LU Yan, ZHANG Zhengyi, WU Junyun, LI Jiasheng Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (04): 75-84.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.04.009 Abstract （95）      PDF （2059KB）（254）       Knowledge map    Save A software has been developed to predict the inherent longitudinal vibration characteristics of the ship shafting. The software is developed using the QT platform, with the core solver written in MATLAB and the solution algorithm using the Holtz method. The results are compared and verified with the simulation results of ANSYS and the longitudinal vibration calculation results of an actual shafting system. On this basis, the developed software is used to discuss the variation of the longitudinal vibration characteristics of the shafting under different shafting properties. The results show that the properties affecting the inherent longitudinal vibration characteristics of the shafting mainly include the crank radius, crank thickness, longitudinal stiffness of thrust bearings and material elastic modulus. The relevant research results can provide references for the vibration and noise reduction of the ship shafting. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in Techniques of Hydroelastic Experiment for Segmented Keel Beam Models YE Yusong, JIANG Jijiang, ZHANG Shiyuan, FU Shixiao, WU Shaobo Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (04): 11-20.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.04.002 Abstract （121）      PDF （2490KB）（244）       Knowledge map    Save Hydroelastic experiment is an important method to investigate the hydroelastic response of ships. The state-of-the-art of the hydroelastic experiment of ships at home and abroad has been summarized, with focuses on the widely used segmented keel beam model, including the structural design, hydrodynamic module design, loading types and experimental result measurement. The applicability of different segmented keel beam models is then analyzed. The key technologies of the segmented keel beam model in the experimental design stage are summarized to provide the design indicators for the main contents based on the team experience, in order to provide references for the design of the hydroelastic experiment for ships. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Dynamic Response Parameter of Stiffened Plates Under Moving Slamming Loads YIN Minglu, ZOU Luyao, QU Xue, WU Jianguo Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 88-95.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.010 Abstract （108）      PDF （2968KB）（240）       Knowledge map    Save In response to the issue of slamming loads experienced by ship structures under high sea conditions, this paper employs the Abaqus finite element software to simulate the impact of slamming loads moving in different directions on the dynamic response of five stiffened panels. The slamming load is equivalently modeled as a pulse time history that rises linearly and decays exponentially. By varying the load parameters (peak pressure, low pressure, length of rising section, length of falling section and moving speed), the paper analyzes the specific impact of these parameters on the dynamic response of the stiffened panels. The research finds that the dynamic response of the stiffened panels is closely related to the load parameters, especially the influence of moving speed on the dynamic response is the most significant. Furthermore, by introducing the moving dynamic load factor DLFm and conducting a dimensionless analysis, the paper deeply explores the variation laws and sensitivities between the dynamic response and the dimensionless parameters of the slamming load, providing important theoretical basis for the design and optimization of ship structures. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Short-Circuit Current Calculation and Selective Protection Scheme Analysis of Fuses in Marine DC Distribution System ZHOU Ruiping, XIONG Qingwen, ZHANG Xiaoyu Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (05): 78-85.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.05.010 Abstract （129）      PDF （1794KB）（236）       Knowledge map    Save The calculation method of direct-current (DC) short-circuit current and analysis of selective protection of fuses are important aspects of the design of the DC integrated power system. The design directly affects the selective protection scheme of fuses in the DC distribution system and the operational stability of the DC distribution system. The calculation principle and method of the single module short-circuit current in marine DC distribution system are presented for equivalent calculation of the ship’s DC distribution system. By selecting different short-circuit points, the impact of different short-circuit points on the DC comprehensive power system during short circuit. The short-circuit currents of different branches are calculated to determine the fuse specification through the actual I2T curve of the branch. The error between the simulation results obtained from the equivalent model simulation and the practical calculation is within 1% by analyzing the practical examples. By using the MATLAB/SIMULINK equivalent model simulation method, the calculation of the short-circuit current of the DC distribution system and the reasonable selection of the fuse can be conducted without establishing a detailed SIMULINK model and performing tedious formula calculations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical Study on the Effect of Energy Ratio Between the Front and Rear Impellers on the Performance of a Counter-Rotating Waterjet LIANG Ning, WANG Yun, FENG Ruofan, CAO Linlin, WU Dazhuan Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (03): 30-42.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.03.003 Abstract （223）      PDF （10919KB）（234）       Knowledge map    Save Facing the development needs of efficient propulsion systems for new-type ships, the traditional modes have been replaced by the energy conversion mode with a higher energy density by combing the counter-rotating impeller with the waterjet propulsion technology. The steady internal flow field analysis and unsteady impeller interference characteristics are studied for two different propulsion schemes with similar basic parameters and different front and rear impeller energy distribution ratios by using the CFD numerical simulation method. The results show that the propulsion efficiency of the counter-rotating waterjets with two different energy distribution ratios are basically the same, with a wide range of speed and a wide range of high-efficiency. The front impeller plays an adjusting function and reduces the influence of the non-uniformity of the inlet flow field on the rear impeller. The unsteady performance of the counter-rotating waterjet can be improved by increasing the load of the rear rotor and reducing the energy distribution mode of the load of the front impeller, with significant reduction of the impeller exciting force and pressure fluctuation amplitude. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Low-Temperature Fatigue Test and Life Assessment of Marine 5059 Aluminum Alloy and Welded Joints YANG Xi, XU Yongchao, WANG Wei, WU Jianguo Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (04): 50-57.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.04.006 Abstract （90）      PDF （2546KB）（233）       Knowledge map    Save 5059 aluminum alloy has become the preferred choice for the ship structure due to its excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, the current code lacks the S-N fatigue curve of the 5059 aluminum alloy, imposing difficulties on the fatigue evaluation of the 5059 aluminum alloy ship structure. The 5059 aluminum alloy and a typical marine welded joint are designed to carry out the fatigue tests at the room temperature and the low temperature (-35℃). The corresponding fatigue S-N curve is fitted by the least square method based on the test data. A finite element model of the specimen for fatigue test is established, and the stress obtained by the finite element analysis is extrapolated to obtain the hot spot stress. The fatigue life of the fatigue specimen is predicted by using the fitted S-N curve and compared with the result from the fatigue test. The results show that the proposed S-N curve of the 5059 aluminum alloy material and the welded joint can be used to predict the fatigue life of the ship structure under the low temperature environment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research of Influence Factors on Modal Analysis of Integrated Semi Offshore Wind Turbine DU Juan, QIAO Xiaoguo, YANG Liang, ZHANG Wenbo Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (05): 38-43.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.05.005 Abstract （98）      PDF （1383KB）（225）       Knowledge map    Save The natural frequency of the semi wind turbine is a key parameter that influences whether the wind turbine can reach full load. However, the calculation of the natural frequency by using the commercial software for wind turbine design is insufficient in the accurate consideration of the stiffness, mass distribution, underwater added mass, hydrodynamic damping and mooring stiffness of the floating foundation. Then, the structure model of a four-column semi-submersible offshore wind turbine has been established for accurate simulation of the stiffness and mass distribution of the floating body and the tower. According to the low-order modal analysis results of the tower, the tower is simplified as a beam unit with weak spring boundary constraint. The first 20-order natural frequencies of the wind turbine are calculated, staring from the 7th order as the natural frequency of the structure. On the basis, the upper limit of the stiffness for weak spring boundary constraints is determined, and the effects of the added mass of the semi-submersible foundation, hydrodynamic viscous damping, structural damping and mooring stiffness on the natural frequency of the wind turbine are analyzed to propose a method to calculate and distribute the added mass. The natural frequency of the wind turbine can be increased by adjusting the diameter and the thickness transition of the middle section of the tower in the later stage of the design based on the low-order vibration mode of the whole wind turbine. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Adjoint Method in the Study of the Intake Flow in a Waterjet SUN Chong, DAI Yuanxing Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (03): 52-59.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.03.005 Abstract （124）      PDF （2667KB）（223）       Knowledge map    Save The intake duct is one of the main components of a waterjet, and the hydraulic loss in the intake duct is an important part of the total loss of the waterjet. The geometry structure of the intake duct induces non-uniform inflow of the propulsion pump, which has adverse effects on the hydraulic efficiency and dynamic excitation of the waterjet. The intake duct of the waterjet is numerically simulated by using the adjoint method, the flow equations are first solved in the forward direction, then followed by the reverse solution of the adjoint equations. The flow region most related to the inflow is obtained based on the field of the adjoint operator. The method to capture the inflow surface of the waterjet duct based on the adjoint method is then established and verified. The duct geometry is optimized through the adjoint method by taking the boundary of the intake duct as the design input variable and the non-uniformity of the outflow as the objective. After 8 iterations, the non-uniformity of the outflow relatively decreases 18.7%, which validates that the adjoint method can effectively optimize the geometry of the intake duct. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Neural Network Prediction and Empirical Formula of Ship Bridge Impact Force YANG Xiaojie, WANG Baolai Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (03): 81-89.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.03.008 Abstract （123）      PDF （1966KB）（221）       Knowledge map    Save The maximum ship bridge impact force and its relationship with influencing factors are of great significance for the reduction of the harm to the personal security and safety of their belongings caused by ship bridge collision. The finite element model of the ship bridge collision has been established by using ANSYS/LS-DYNA to calculate the ship bridge impact force under different impact velocities and impact angles. And the calculated results are compared with those from the rules of various countries. A model for the prediction of the maximum ship bridge impact force is then established under three training parameters of the maximum impact force value, impact angle and impact velocity by using the Back Propagation (BP) neural network technology together with the simulation data. Finally, an empirical formula of the relationship between the maximum impact force and the impact velocity and impact angle is fitted by analyzing the scatter diagram of the impact velocity and the impact angle. And the results of the empirical formula are compared with the finite element simulation results and the neural network prediction results to validate the accuracy of the empirical formula. It provides a rapid method for evaluating whether the ship bridge collision will have catastrophic consequences. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Automatic Generation Technology of Solid Model for Lashing Bridge Structure Based on CATIA V6 ZOU Mengyao, LI Hairui, CHENG Zhe, XU Sihao, ZHOU Tong Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 106-113.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.012 Abstract （243）      PDF （2208KB）（219）       Knowledge map    Save An automatic modeling method for solid model of structure is proposed based on the frame model of the lashing bridge structure created by parameterized templates, in order to improve the efficiency of 3D design of lashing bridges in CATIA V6. The geometric features and parameter properties of the components of the structure frame model are analyzed and reviewed. An automatic modeling program is then developed for the lashing bridge by using the professional interfaces that are provided by the secondary development tool component application architecture（CAA） together with the out of the box functions of building solid model of the structure on the CATIA V6 platform. The feasibility and efficiency of the automatic generation technology for the structure detail model（SDM） of CATIA V6 are verified based on the 3D design of the lashing bridge for a 16 000 TEU container ship. This automatic modeling technology improves the 3D design methodology of the lashing bridge based on CATIA V6, resulting in higher modeling efficiency and accuracy than the manual modeling technology with reduced implementation cost of the 3D design, indicating that the technology has strong engineering practical value. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of Regional Vibration Isolation Module of Ship Pump Set Based on High Vibration Isolation Requirements ZHONG Tao Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (03): 96-106.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.03.010 Abstract （92）      PDF （3768KB）（216）       Knowledge map    Save In order to meet the high requirements of vibration isolation index and layout of the engine room pump set for a quiet ship, the design of the regional vibration module of the engine room pump set of the ship is studied by utilizing the advantages of compact equipment layout, high space utilization and good vibration isolation effect of the regional vibration isolation module. A design calculation and analysis process for the regional vibration isolation module with high vibration isolation performance is established from the aspects of the general arrangement of the regional vibration isolation module, finite element modeling, modal analysis of the middle raft, module modal analysis, module static analysis and module harmonic response analysis. The design of this type of regional vibration isolation module and the calculation and evaluation of vibration isolation index have been completed, and its vibration isolation performance has been tested. The results show that the vibration isolation performance of this type of regional isolation module can meet the design requirements of the high vibration isolation index of the engine room pump set for the quiet ship. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Features and General Design Requirements of High-Speed Craft Complying With 2000 HSC CODE ZHANG Wei, QU Ningning, DUAN Yulong Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (03): 60-67.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.03.006 Abstract （90）      PDF （1817KB）（215）       Knowledge map    Save High-speed crafts need to apply regulations that are different from conventional ships due to the characteristics of high speed, light weight and special operations. The International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft issued at 2000 ( 2000 HSC CODE), as a relatively complete rule applicable to the high-speed craft, is widely accepted by various Maritime Administrations as the design basis for the high-speed craft. The safety principles of the 2000 HSC CODE and the applicability to various Maritime Administrations are briefly introduced. Then the accident types and causes of the high-speed craft are analyzed through domestic and international high-speed craft accidents. And the risk control and design measures applicable to the high-speed craft are further introduced, including general design requirements such as operation restrictions, damage stability, fire protection and evacuation analysis, for understanding the safety principles and guiding the design of the high-speed craft. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Numerical Study on Self-Excited Oscillation Nozzle With Dual Chambers at Different Water Depths LIU Tao, LIU Juan, LI Ruipeng Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (05): 93-99.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.05.012 Abstract （83）      PDF （3644KB）（215）       Knowledge map    Save The current study focuses on the cavitation jet characteristics of the jet nozzle for ship cleaning under different water depths. The nozzle of a dual-chamber self-excited oscillation pulsed jet nozzle is numerically studied under four depths of 10m, 25m, 50m and 100m by using the Rayleigh-Plesset cavitation model. The cavitation degree, fluid velocity distribution and turbulent kinetic energy distribution of the nozzle under different water depths are studied and analyzed. The results indicate that the cavitation in the internal flow field of the dual-chamber self-excited oscillation pulsed jet nozzle is greatest with relatively high fluid velocity and the turbulent kinetic energy is highest in the rear chamber and rear channel. However, the cavitation, fluid velocity and turbulent kinetic energy in the external flow field are significantly reduced. With the increase of the water depth, the internal flow field of the nozzle is almost unaffected, while the external flow field is greatly affected with increased cavitation number and gradually reduced cavitation degree, fluid velocity and turbulent kinetic energy, and thus weakened cavitating cleaning effect. The numerical research method can provide references for the underwater ship cavitation cleaning. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Overall Scheme Design of Deep-Sea Mining Water Surface Support System TANG Shouqi, KANG Meize, WANG Zi, XU Sheng, ZHANG Wenxu Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (06): 47-59.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.06.005 Abstract （62）      PDF （3268KB）（213）       Knowledge map    Save With the increasing depletion of global land resources, deep-sea mineral resources have gradually attracted global attention. Countries have intensified their investment in order to seize this field. As one of the important supports for mining, the research and development of deep-sea mining water surface support systems have significant engineering application significance. This article aims to study and explore the overall scheme design of the water surface support system for deep-sea mining, in order to meet the requirements of efficient, safe, and environmentally friendly deep-sea mining design. This article analyzes various aspects of the mining water surface support system, comprehensively considers factors such as the speed, seaworthiness, mining efficiency, and long-term stable operation of the water surface support system. Through reasonable selection and layout, the overall design scheme of the mining water surface support system is finally formed to adapt to the operational environment and requirements. This article has certain reference significance for the overall design of the deep-sea mining water surface support system, which can be used as a reference for related design work. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Hydrodynamic Performance of Contra-Rotating Rudder Propeller ZHANG Chi, SUN Qun, SHEN Xingrong, YUAN Shuai Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (04): 68-74.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.04.008 Abstract （91）      PDF （3112KB）（195）       Knowledge map    Save The contra-rotating rudder propeller has the characteristics of good maneuverability and high propulsion efficiency, which is usually applied in ship types, such as science research vessels and offshore engineering ships. The open-water characteristics of the contra-rotating rudder propeller are simulated by using the improved delayed detached eddy simulation (IDDES) method, with comparative analyses based on the model test results. The results show that the numerical simulation errors of the thrust coefficient and the torque coefficients of the propulsion unit at the design point are within 3%. It is observed that the rudder angle has smaller impact on the open-water characteristics of the front propeller but larger impact on those of the aft propeller based on the open-water tests under different rudder angles. The transverse force of propulsion unit is 0 at the rudder angle of 2.5° in the current case. The influence of the strut on the tip vortex of the front propeller is studied through the cavitation model test. The cavitation is significantly enhanced when the tip vortex of the front propeller meets the blades of the aft propeller or the tip vortex of the aft propeller. Based on the interaction of all components of the contra-rotating rudder propeller, the induced velocity correction coefficient is introduced to transform the design of the blades of the contra-rotating rudder propeller into the design of the blades under the given incoming flow condition. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics