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Review of Offshore Equipment Market in 2024 and Future Prospects ZHANG Hui, JIN Weichen Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 37-45.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.039 Abstract （351）      PDF （2104KB）（5962）       Knowledge map    Save In 2024, the global offshore market witnessed a countertrend rebound with a double-digit surge in order values, indicating a renewed market recovery. Optimistic signals have emerged in the current offshore market. On the demand side, the expectation of international oil prices stabilized around $70 per barrel with minor fluctuations. The emerging nations continue to show great potential in offshore oil and gas exploration. Under the background of offshore oil accelerating towards the deep seas, orders for large-scale high-value oil and gas equipment such as floating production storage and offloading units (FPSOs) and floating liquefied natural gas systems (FLNGs) remain substantial. The rapid growth in demand for the offshore wind market and the imbalance in ship supply among various countries are still intensifying. On the supply side, the supply of the fleet will keep tight, and the production load of shipyards will remain full. Additionally, increasing stringent green and environmental protection requirements in maritime field are accelerating the demand for fleet renewal and the green transitions among offshore shipowners, in order to meet the new specification requirements. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of World Ship and Marine Market in 2024 and Prospect in 2025 ZHOU Yilai, WEI Mei, GAO Jue, ZHU Mingsi Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (01): 11-26.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.232 Abstract （487）      PDF （4110KB）（4261）       Knowledge map    Save In 2024, the world economy maintained relatively stable growth with increasing economic growth differentiation among different economies. Energy prices and transportation costs have increased due to geopolitical conflicts such as the Red Sea, resulting in significant growth in the transportation market led by container ships. Key indicators of the shipbuilding industry remained on an upward trend. In terms of deadweight tonnage, global new ship orders increased by 65% year-on-year, and China’s share of global new ship orders has expanded to 75%. In the new ship orders, vessels utilizing alternative fuels account for 47%, container ships achieved a year-on-year increase of 121% (in terms of TEUs), oil tankers increased by 48.9%, bulk carriers increased by 22%, and Very Large Amonia Carriers (VLACs) increased by 79.3%. The global orderbook increased by 37.62% year-on-year, with a 2% increase for container ships, a 215% increase for oil tankers, and a 56% increase for bulk carriers. The shipbuilding industry is expected to continually grow in 2025, but with a decreased growth rate, and greening will still be the hot topics. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State of the Art Review of Recent Ship Seakeeping Researches and Some Comments ZHU Renchuan, XU Dekang, WANG Hui, SHI Kaiyuan, ZHAN Ke Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (03): 1-19.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.03.001 Abstract （1379）      PDF （1951KB）（3786）       Knowledge map    Save Seakeeping is one of the most important performance aspects for ship sailing and operating at sea. It is a research field related to the complex physical problems of wave and structure interactions. Seakeeping performance of a ship is influenced by the weather condition, the wave conditions, and the costal and deepwater region characteristics, which is also affected by the geometry, scale, encountered wave angle, speed, loading condition and the inherent natural frequency of the ship. The paper summarizes the recent hydrodynamic methods and development trend, along with some comments on the key developments of seakeeping researches. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Overview of the Development of Equipment and Technology for Deep-Sea Polymetallic Nodule Mining FEI Long, ZHENG Chengrong, JIN Qiang, PAN Fang Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (06): 1-14.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.06.001 Abstract （542）      PDF （6981KB）（3101）       Knowledge map    Save With the increasing depletion of global land resources, deep-sea polymetallic nodules, as a potential and abundant mineral resource, have attracted widespread international attention. This paper systematically elaborates on the operational process and equipment composition of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining, reviews the progress of domestic and foreign experimental activities in the field of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining, and focuses on sorting out the key equipment and technologies applied or developed globally in aspects such as deep-sea mining platforms, underwater collection systems, mineral lifting systems, and environmental monitoring systems. After analyzing the gap in the development of domestic equipment technology, this paper puts forward targeted suggestions, aiming to promote the development of China’s deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining equipment technology, in order to realize the development and utilization of deep-sea mineral resources. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Overview of Operational Numerical Forecasting Systems for Polar Sea Ice LIU Na, LIANG Xi, LI Ming, TIAN Zhongxiang, ZHAO Fu, SUN Qizhen, LI Baohui Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 30-39.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.030 Abstract （917）      PDF （4172KB）（2817）       Knowledge map    Save Under the background of global warming and rapid reduction of the Arctic sea ice, polar sea ice forecasting is playing an increasingly important role. Improving the ability of polar sea ice forecasting is an important guarantee for polar ship navigation, polar energy development and protection. In recent years, some countries have developed and established polar sea ice forecasting systems, and the operational forecasting of polar sea ice has advanced substantially. By developing, testing and verifying the numerical solution of sea ice dynamics and thermodynamics, the model predictions are increasingly close to the observed values, so as to achieve the goal of flexible and powerful sea ice simulation and prediction. Aimed at timely and accurate polar sea ice forecasts for Chinese National Arctic/Antarctic Research Expedition and Arctic commercial navigation, the operational polar sea ice forecasting systems in the National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center of China assimilate the satellite-observed near-real-time sea ice concentration, sea ice thickness and sea surface temperature data on a daily basis, with a capacity of coordinated adjustments of relative tracers and momentum at the ice-ocean interface. This paper briefly introduces state-of-the-art operational polar sea ice forecasting systems in the world, and prospects the potential difficulties and problems in developing sea ice numerical forecasting skill in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of Artificial Intelligence Technology Applications in Offshore Wind Turbines KANG Yirou, CHEN Peng, CHENG Zhengshun, HU Zhiqiang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (05): 12-23.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.05.012 Abstract （1140）      PDF （1828KB）（2739）       Knowledge map    Save At present, the offshore wind turbine in China is developing rapidly, and the application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of offshore wind turbine is the current research hotspot. This paper analyzes and summarizes the application of various artificial intelligence technologies in the dynamic response analysis, operation and maintenance monitoring, design, operation and maintenance optimization of offshore wind turbines in multiple directions, involving dynamic response forecasting, power forecasting, structural monitoring, fault diagnosis, control optimization, operation and maintenance optimization. The results show that AI technology can better cope with the challenges in the field of offshore wind turbine design and operation and maintenance. Finally, the application prospects of AI technology in the area of offshore wind turbines and several major constraints currently exist are discussed, and the future development direction is envisioned. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art and Development Trend of Intelligent Ship System XU Weiming, QU Rongze, XUE Guoliang, XU Minyi, ZHU Xiao, LIU Zhijian, ZHANG Qiqi Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 46-55.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.046 Abstract （3452）      PDF （1699KB）（2470）       Knowledge map    Save With the arrival of the intelligent era, the world shipbuilding industry and shipping industry are gradually focusing on intelligent ships, and the research of intelligent ship system has become one of the hot issues. This paper introduces the intelligent ship and the intelligent ship system, reviews the state-of-the-art and the development characteristics of the intelligent ship system both home and abroad, and prospects the development trend of the ship intelligent system. It is proposed to accelerate the research and development of the critical technologies and key system equipment through the guidance of national key projects for intelligent ships, orderly promoting the development of the intelligent ship system for various ship types. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Key Technologies for Construction of Polar Research Icebreakers CAI Qianya, WANG Shuguang, ZHAO Zhenhua, DING Yun Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 98-109.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.098 Abstract （608）      PDF （7334KB）（2354）       Knowledge map    Save A series of technical problems of “ice-breaking, winterization and scientific research” in the construction process of the “Xue Long 2” are summarized in order to systematically solve the bottleneck of Chinese polar ship construction technology in the future. The key points of the ice-breaking structure construction, the winterization design and the installation of the polar research equipment are reviewed from the construction process of the assembly plant, achieving technical breakthroughs in the construction of the polar research icebreaker. It also proposes the key points of structure construction technology optimization and winterization protection system design, and preliminarily set up the fine construction technology system for the polar research ship lifecycle. The advance research of the construction technology of a heavy icebreaker is also carried out to put forward further research interest. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Status and Prospect of Airborne Earth Observation in the Polar Regions PANG Xiaoping, JI Qing, CUI Xiangbin, ZHU Lizhong, FAN Pei Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 20-29.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.020 Abstract （602）      PDF （3750KB）（2307）       Knowledge map    Save The polar regions are the key regions to study global climate change, and also sensitive regions involving national rights and interests. Remote sensing technology offers an essential approach to monitor the ecological environment in the polar regions. Airborne remote sensing plays an important role in the Polar remote sensing due to its unique scale advantage. The importance of the polar airborne earth observation for Polar rights and strategic needs in China has been discussed, and the plans and applications of the polar airborne earth observation dominated by foreign countries in recent years are reviewed and summarized. This study attempts to prospect the application of China’s airborne earth observation in the Antarctic and Arctic regions based on the analysis of the current status of China’s polar airborne earth observation and its gap with the international advanced level, aiming at better scientific investigation, recognition and utilization of polar regions for the common interests of mankind. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and Prospects of Inland Waterway Transport Infrastructure and Ship Technology YU Quanhu Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 96-108.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.009 Abstract （1060）      PDF （2154KB）（2302）       Knowledge map    Save China’s transportation industry has entered a new development stage of comprehensive construction of transportation power. And the comparative advantage of the inland waterway transport in the comprehensive transportation system has not yet been fully utilized. The implementation of the new development pattern of “dual circulation” and the “dual carbon” strategy requires innovative development of inland waterway transport and its core elements of ship technology. The development of the inland waterway transport infrastructure and ship technology is prospected by reviewing and summarizing the development status, relevant policy evolution, innovative technology research progress, and typical cases of inland waterway transport, maritime transport and ship technology at home and abroad. The future inland waterway transport infrastructure will be deeply integrated with digital, information, and network technologies, and the shore based control center will be networked as critical facilities and ship energy supply facility. Ships are evolving towards standardization and genealogy of ship types, intelligence, low-manned, green and diversified energy, and mainstreaming of electric propulsion. Ship formation navigation has become an innovative transportation mode. The exploration of the transformation direction of the inland waterway transport infrastructure and ship technology can provide references for the construction of a new generation of inland waterway transport system and the research and development of advanced ship types. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Polar Ship Rule and Its Main Technical Development CAO Jing, WANG Gang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 61-71.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.061 Abstract （940）      PDF （3651KB）（2250）       Knowledge map    Save The characteristics of polar ship rules of China Classification Society have been analyzed by reviewing the current status of international conventions and rules of polar ships. The technical development trend of rules of polar ships is also summarized combining with the national polar strategy and development needs. Aiming at the important key technical issues of the ice-breaking technology, the winterization technology and the sailing safety supporting technology, the ice load technology of ship structure, the structural strength calculation under ice load, the propeller and shafting strength under ice load excitation, the winterization design and low temperature test verification of polar ships, the assessment of the polar operation capability, and the hull monitoring technology for operations in polar regions are introduced. The corresponding development suggestions are proposed to provide technical support for the independent establishment of China’s polar ship rule system in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art of Polar Navigation and Ice Exploration Equipment GUO Kun, LU Wei, WANG Xingchuan, WANG Qingxin, ZHANG Qiming, SUN Lei, JIN Biyao Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 143-153.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.143 Abstract （1093）      PDF （3031KB）（2121）       Knowledge map    Save Polar navigation is the guarantee for ships to achieve scientific research and safe navigation in the polar area. At present, there are many studies on the theory of polar navigation in China about the arrangement of Inertial Navigation System (INS), the availability of satellite navigation polar area, multi-sensor integrated navigation, etc. But there are still blanks in the application of polar navigation and ice exploration equipment in the high latitude navigation engineering in the polar area. In order to solve the engineering application problems of the device in the polar region from the system level, the paper combines the theory to analyze the polar environment and ship based in the polar region on the performance of the navigation device, and combines the research status of the ice exploration radar, inertial navigation, satellite navigation, electronic charts, satellite communication and other devices in the polar region, studies the working process of the design of the ice navigation device, and discusses the direction of future research and development of the navigation device in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review and Prospect of Offshore Engineering Equipment Industry Development in China LI Xiaoping Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (05): 1-11.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.05.001 Abstract （1018）      PDF （3026KB）（2099）       Knowledge map    Save The offshore engineering equipment is a highly integrated strategic emerging industry that forms the basis for the development and utilization of ocean resources. The development of Chinese offshore engineering equipment industry is reviewed to analyze the global innovation pattern of the offshore engineering equipment industry. It is pointed out that the Chinese offshore engineering equipment industry should seize the “time window” of a new round of technological innovation and acceleration of structural adjustment, and break through the original and leading core technologies of the offshore equipment. Focusing on the equipment for exploitation of marine oil and gas resources, marine biological resources, deep-sea mineral resources and marine renewable energy, it addresses efforts should be made to break through the bottleneck issues of general design, system integration, key systems and equipment. The independent and complete offshore engineering equipment technology and product system are promoted to improve the high-quality development of Chinese offshore engineering equipment industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on General Design of Large Aquaculture Ship Using Recirculating Water Technology LI Zhiyu, TONG Bo, SHAO Wuhao Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (06): 20-29.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.06.020 Abstract （432）      PDF （1092KB）（2095）       Knowledge map    Save The aquaculture ship is one of the core equipment for the development of deep sea aquaculture, and the large aquaculture ship using recirculating water technology is one of the main technical route for the development of aquaculture ships in China. With recirculating water aquaculture system as the core, the factory aquaculture technology is adopted to improve the application scope and industrialization level of the aquaculture equipment. In view of the characteristics of this type of ship, a general design idea is proposed based on the development of some 80,000 m³ aquaculture ship, which focuses on the general arrangement, system design, structural design and overall performance analysis by taking the recirculating aquaculture system as the core. The design points of the recirculating aquaculture system, the water intake system, and the aquaculture comprehensive management and control system are discussed to provide references for the subsequent design of this type of ship. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of World Shipping Market in 2022 and Prospect in 2023 WEI Mei, PAN Fang, WANG Yingyi, ZHOU Yilai Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 14-32.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.014 Abstract （821）      PDF （5962KB）（2094）       Knowledge map    Save Affected by factors such as monetary policy, geopolitical conflicts and the ongoing COVID-19, the macro-economy in 2022 showed a weakening trend after a brief economic recovery in 2021, and the pattern of maritime trade developed towards regionalization. As a result, the new shipbuilding market in 2022 showed an overall downward trend, with a year-on-year decline of 30.6%. Container ships, bulk carriers, oil tankers and offshore engineering vessels all showed downward trends, among them oil tankers showed the highest decline of 72.0%.Meanwhile, LNG carriers and Ro-Ro ships showed an upward trend, with an increase of 88.0% and 135.1%, respectively. Limited by the labor market and capacity adjustment of major shipbuilding domestic industries such as China and South Korea, the completion of shipbuilding in 2022 fell by 6.9% year-on-year. The orders at hand also decreased in 2022 with a decline of 7.5% year-on-year. Under the influence of environmental protection regulations, green fuel ships have developed rapidly, accounting for 44.5% of new ship orders, which becomes an important competitive area for shipbuilding countries. The global economic growth will continue to decline in 2023, which is expected to have a negative impact on the ship market. However, the high value-added ships such as LNG ships and green ships will continue to be popular. The global ship products will accelerate the development towards green and intelligent. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on Establishment of China Polar Rescue System HUANG Wei, WU Bin, TANG Qingzhi, LI Yuan Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 40-50.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.040 Abstract （525）      PDF （1485KB）（2057）       Knowledge map    Save The harsh natural environment and special geographical position of the polar regions make the polar activities more dangerous. Frequent sudden accidents also impose higher requirements for the emergency rescue in the polar regions. China has carried out a large number of scientific investigations and commercial shipping in the Antarctic and Arctic, but with weak foundation of polar rescue. By summarizing the current main rescue modes in the polar regions, a preliminary idea of the polar rescue system is proposed, and the organization structure, regulation study, platform construction, environmental survey, communication and navigation, rescue station distribution, equipment development, personnel training and procedure formulation are described. This study will fill the gap in the research of polar rescue system in China, in order to provide references for the establishment of the polar rescue system in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on Future Arctic Shipping Mode LI Yuan Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 7-11.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.007 Abstract （664）      PDF （1307KB）（2009）       Knowledge map    Save The Arctic passages have been the focus of the international community due to its remarkable strategic and economic value. The normalization and scalization of the Arctic shipping becomes possible in the future driven by the combination of climate change, advance of science and technology and gradual improvement of the security system. The current ship types sailing in the Arctic have shown a diversification trend, forming a window period and seasonal shipping mode. The development of the Arctic shipping in the future also faces many challenges and constraints. Moreover, political factors will raise uncertainties to the Arctic passage. This paper prospects and discusses the development and mode of the Arctic shipping in the future, and puts forward the key problems to be solved in the development of the normalization of the shipping in Arctic. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State of the Art Review of Waterjet Propulsion Technology LIU Jianguo, ZHANG Zhiyuan, DAI Yuanxing, SUN Chong Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (06): 1-13.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.06.001 Abstract （1174）      PDF （1343KB）（1954）       Knowledge map    Save This paper systematically discusses the basic theoretical research on the control volume, thrust characterization, waterjet propulsion and their interaction of the waterjet propulsion system, and the key design methods, relevant simulation evaluation and test verification methods of the waterjet propulsion system of the waterjet propulsion pump, inlet duct, steering and reversing mechanism and low-noise propulsion system. It also discusses the current status of the typical applications of waterjet propulsion devices in the three major fields of high-speed military vessels, civilian ships and amphibious vehicles. According to the characteristics of waterjet propulsion technology and its integration with the development of modern technology, the development trends of the waterjet propulsion technology are proposed, including the integrated system design of the waterjet propulsion and the ship, the hydrodynamic design from macro to micro, the digital and intelligent technology of the waterjet propulsion, the integrated electric-driven waterjet propulsion system, and the coordination design of the waterjet propulsion for stealthiness. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Design Rules for Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers at Home and Abroad WU Jun, WU Gang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 100-106.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.100 Abstract （1102）      PDF （2517KB）（1945）       Knowledge map    Save The applicable rules of nuclear-powered icebreakers at home and abroad are introduced from the design requirements of icebreakers. And the key points of icebreaker design rules are analyzed from polar risks such as low temperature, excessive ice and remote geographical location. Firstly, the definitions of low-temperature environment in different classification society rules have been compared, and the design points of winterization rules are interpreted from the aspects of engine intake, cold protection for liquid tank and escape passage. Secondly, the relevant requirements of the general arrangement are sorted out from the requirements of fire safety, nuclear safety and winterization. The influence of icing on the requirements of intact stability, riding ice stability and damaged stability in rules are also summarized. Finally, the strength check rules of ice class rudder system and ice class propeller are analyzed. The above comparison and analysis of rules can provide references for future design of nuclear-powered icebreakers with practical significance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Status and Development Trend of Satellite Observation Technology for Polar Shipping YU Zhitong, HUANG Yan, HU Luojia, MA Rong, XIAO Peng, CHENG Xiao Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 12-19.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.012 Abstract （621）      PDF （1559KB）（1929）       Knowledge map    Save The polar region is a new frontier for human survival and development, and a commanding height for ecological security, interests and well-being and strategic cooperation between major powers in the future. It faces new needs and challenges in scientific research, search and rescue, and waterway development. Improving the global governance and security capabilities of the polar region and realizing real-time perception, utilization and leading governance of the entire polar region have become the hallmarks of polar powers. Countries and regions such as Europe, the United States and Japan have accelerated the development of three-dimensional monitoring capabilities for polar environmental cognition, but there are still obvious shortcomings in China's polar access and detection capabilities. There is still a lack of first-hand information on relevant ice and sea areas, and there is an urgent need to increase investment in research and development of polar satellite technology and improve the ability to obtain and collect polar data. This study mainly focuses on the actual needs of polar shipping, systematically discusses the current status of polar remote sensing satellite detection technology at home and abroad, and puts forward the development trend of polar space-based observation system in China. It will provide support for demonstrating the capabilities of the new polar satellite equipment system, formulating the top-level framework and development route, promoting China's development and utilization of the polar region, and enhancing the voice and influence in major international affairs in global geopolitically sensitive areas and strategic areas. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Status and Prospect of Titanium Alloys for Pressure-Resistant Structure of Deep-Sea Manned Equipment ZHANG Aifeng, LI Yanqing, XU Qiang, ZHANG Bowen, QU Ping, CHEN Wei Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (06): 81-91.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.06.007 Abstract （1674）      PDF （2984KB）（1814）       Knowledge map    Save Pressure-resistant structural materials are the foundation for supporting the descent and ascent of marine equipment. Titanium alloys, with their characteristics of lightweight, high strength, and corrosion resistance, have become the preferred materials for pressure-resistant structures in deep-sea manned equipment and show promising prospects for application. This article briefly describes the development history and research progress of typical deep-sea manned equipment such as submarines, submersibles, deep-sea workstations, and underwater laboratories, as well as their pressure-resistant structural materials. The current state of domestic titanium industry development and the research foundation in the titanium alloy material system for marine engineering, titanium alloy pressure-resistant structure manufacturing technology, and design and testing research is introduced. In combination with the technical characteristics of large deep-sea equipment titanium alloy structures, the article analyzes the key scientific and technological issues and application demands for titanium alloys used in pressure-resistant structures, providing a reference for the future development of titanium alloys for pressure-resistant structures in deep-sea manned equipment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Cruise Ship and Reflections on Its Design and Construction in China MA Wangkou Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 26-40.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.003 Abstract （565）      PDF （4364KB）（1753）       Knowledge map    Save A cruise ship is a typical ship type of high technology, high difficulty, and high added value, which is the carrier and core of the rapid development of the cruise industry in China. However, it is also the only ship type that does not fully possess independent research and development, design, construction, supporting facility and operation capability in China. Firstly, the recent operation market and new shipbuilding industry for the cruise ship at home and abroad are reviewed. The ship type characteristics and the development of the newly-built cruise ships are then summarized. Three potential technologies are subsequently introduced, including methanol powered cruise ships, lightweight design based on lightweight materials and waste heat recovery of main engines based on Organic Rankine Cycle system. Finally, the challenges and countermeasures faced by the development of the design and construction of the cruise ships in China are analyzed and discussed from four aspects, namely independent design, efficient construction and engineering control, independent supporting facility and supply chain construction, and independent operation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on Propeller Design of Polar Icebreaker DING Ju, WANG Jianqiang, LIU Zhenghao, ZHOU Min, KONG Weiping Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 175-184.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.175 Abstract （967）      PDF （4609KB）（1751）       Knowledge map    Save Propeller is the core component of a ship. The performance of the propeller of an icebreaker is directly related to the speed/power performance, ice-breaking performance, vibration and noise performance and safe navigation performance of the whole ship. The design of the ice class propeller is therefore the key stage during the design of the icebreaker. It is necessary to ensure that the performance of the propeller can meet the design requirements. Different from the conventional propeller that operates in the open waters, the ice class propeller operates in the ice waters. The impact of the ice on the propeller should be considered during the design of the ice class propeller. However, there is little experience of the ice class propeller design in China. The ice class propeller design process (IPDP) has been established based on the analysis of the characteristics of the ice class propeller in the current study. The design results and model test results of the ice class propeller of a PC2 heavy icebreaker are presented. The results show that the design process of the ice class propeller is different from that of the conventional propeller with special focuses on the iterative design of the propeller parameters and hull parameters, due to the heavy load and multi-working conditions of the ice class propeller. It is necessary to verify not only the speed/power performance and vibration performance in the open waters, but also the speed/power performance and propeller strength performance in the ice regions. A detachable fixed pitch propeller is designed for the high ice class propeller to facilitate the repair and replacement of one single blade. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of World Shipping Market in 2023 and Prospect in 2024 WEI Mei, ZHOU Yilai, GAO Jue, WANG Yingyi, PAN Fang Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 1-18.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.001 Abstract （904）      PDF （4676KB）（1746）       Knowledge map    Save In 2023, the global economic growth rate slowed down from 3.5% in 2022 to 3.1%, but showing significant resilience with accelerating global economic growth differentiation among different economies. With the relaxation of global epidemic control and the increase of geopolitical conflicts, the commodity trade has been disturbed, and the seaborne trade is expected to grow by 2.4% in 2023. The market fundamentals of the shipbuilding industry are stable and positive. The key market indicators maintain growth with a year-on-year increase of 25% in new ship orders and a 12% increase in completed deliveries in terms of deadweight tonnage. Among them, new orders for oil tankers increased by 356.6% year-on-year, and new orders for bulk carriers increased by 33% year-on-year, but container ships and gas carriers fell back. Among the major shipbuilding countries, China’s shipbuilding industry stays ahead with new ship orders accounting for 68% of the global market share. The orders for dual-fuel vessels using alternative fuels continue to grow, accounting for 34% of global orders. The shipbuilding industry is expected to maintain an upward trend in 2024, especially for bulk carriers and oil tankers. The acceleration of the decarbonization process and the development of artificial intelligence technology will also bring opportunities and challenges to the high-quality development of the shipping industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Measures of Carbon Emission Reduction for Ship Products LI Xin, CHU Jianshu Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (03): 28-36.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.03.028 Abstract （533）      PDF （1656KB）（1688）       Knowledge map    Save The rapid increase in carbon emissions from the shipping industry will have a serious impact on the aggravation of the greenhouse effect. All parties in the shipping industry have put forward higher expectations and requirements for ship products to reduce carbon emissions. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has strictly controlled the access of new ships through the survey and certification of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI). Focusing on the reduction of the EEDI to meet the requirement of the carbon emission reduction in each stage, the EEDI is thoroughly studied by reviewing and analyzing the current measures of ship carbon emission reduction, with emphasis on the concept, method, effectiveness, application, implementation restrictions and future prospects of eleven measures of carbon emission reduction. The analysis shows that various measures have certain effects, but it is difficult for a single measure to achieve the goal of low-carbon or zero-carbon emissions alone. The analysis of the carbon emission reduction measures from the viewpoint of the shipbuilding enterprises can provide references for the academic research and industrial practice of ship products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Technology Development Trends of LNG Carrier LOU Danping, YANG Chunhua Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 19-27.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.019 Abstract （1335）      PDF （2990KB）（1680）       Knowledge map    Save The market demand for liquefied natural gas（LNG）carriers continuous to be booming with the rapid growth of the global LNG trading and the high concern of the shipping industry on the carbon reduction technology. This paper introduces the development of the LNG ship types, liquid cargo containment system, liquid cargo handling system, propulsion system, energy-saving and emission-reduction technology, intelligence technology application and independent localization of the supporting technologies. Several important development directions and trends of the key technologies of the LNG carrier are pointed out to provide clear guidance for independent and controllable key technologies of China's LNG carrier. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art and Prospect of Localization of Outfitting Equipment for Polar Ships ZHANG Haiying, TANG Xiaoyang, YAN Fengchao, CHEN Peng Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 107-111.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.107 Abstract （372）      PDF （1791KB）（1669）       Knowledge map    Save The equipment on weather deck of polar ships, especially high polar-ice-class icebreakers, should withstand extremely low design service temperatures. The steering gear and bow thrusters should also consider the additional requirements for ice loading. The input requirements for the equipment design are analyzed from the rules of main outfitting equipment such as the lifesaving equipment, deck machinery and manoeuvring devices. The equipment configuration and location of the high polar-ice-class ships that were delivered at home and abroad are analyzed to provide references for the localization of main outfitting equipment in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Research of Emergency Shutdown System for Large FPSOs LIU Guozhen Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (05): 113-121.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.05.113 Abstract （342）      PDF （1827KB）（1662）       Knowledge map    Save The overall architecture of the central control system on a 300,000 DWT floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) unit of Petrobras has been taken as the starting point, focusing on the configuration, shutdown logic, main functions and characteristics of its emergency shutdown (ESD) system. According to the safety design rules for the offshore production installation unit of Petrobras, a set of causal logic of safety shutdown system suitable for large FPSO units in the Brazilian sea has been creatively developed on the basis of setting the safety shutdown level and the fire and gas zoning. Combing with the systems of the whole ship and the field production and operation practices, the causes of shutdown should be considered as thoroughly as possible, with clear fire and gas voting logic. The equipment and systems that need to be cut off in the shutdown results at all levels are described one by one, introducing the concept of damper zoning for the first time. The major purpose of the fire and gas shutdown and the emergency shutdown is to minimize the impact of shutdown results on the topside process of the FPSO, and to maximize the safety of personnel and the continuous production. The characteristics of this shutdown method different from the design of traditional FPSO ESD system are summarized at the end. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Submerged Water-Jet Propulsion for Medium and Low Speed Ships CAI Youlin, ZHANG Heng, CHEN Gang, QIU Jitao, JI Guorui, WANG Jianqiang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 92-96.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.092 Abstract （895）      PDF （1144KB）（1629）       Knowledge map    Save Submerged water-jet propulsion is a new development of traditional water-jet propulsion technology. The current study systematically analyzes the propulsion efficiency, the interaction between the hull and the water-jet and the specific speed of the propulsion pump based on the concept of this type of water-jet propulsion. It firstly establishes the mathematical modelling of the specific speed and the advance coefficient of the waterjet-propelled ship that are described by principal parameters of the hull and the propulsion system. The range of the speed and the specific speed of the propulsion pump for the submerged propulsion system has been demonstrated to reveal the mechanism of high efficiency. The variation of the main parameters of the propulsion system with the speed ratio and speed of revolution has been validated through case studies. It can provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of the submerged water-jet propulsion system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of Green and Low-Carbon on the Development of Maritime Industry LI Yanqing Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 1-18.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.001 Abstract （783）      PDF （6696KB）（1561）       Knowledge map    Save Upholding the green and low-carbon development of the maritime industry is not only imperative for the control of the global climate change, but also promotes the industrial transformation and upgrading. Since the United Nation launched the action on Climate Change, the international maritime community has been seeking a fundamental solution to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction through the combination of technology, operation and market. With the continuous enriching of the topics on the marine pollution prevention, the application of new technologies driven by the legislation is promoting the gradually developed “green solutions” for whole-ship solutions. The rapid changes in product concepts and methods are also increasingly affecting the whole process of the ship design, manufacturing and operation, extending to the supply chain management in the perspective of the full life cycle of carbon footprint. The current study aims to analyze and summarize the key points of GHG emission reduction in maritime legislation, industry technological innovation, important hot issues and several major factors affecting the future development of the industry in the past decade. Focusing on the key issue of alternative marine fuel transition, the directions, key points and strategies of the industry to adapt to green and low-carbon are proposed from the perspective of industrial competition and technological development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Engineering Development of Large Deep Sea Multi-Purpose Comprehensive Rescue Vessel ZHOU Guoping Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (06): 1-9.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.06.001 Abstract （697）      PDF （850KB）（1550）       Knowledge map    Save Large deep sea multi-purpose comprehensive rescue vessels provide the rescue security of the personnel and property for the development of deep-water oil and gas resources in the South China Sea, the sea-going transportation of the international shipping routes, the marine fishery production, the production and living in many islands and economic waters and etc. This paper briefly introduces the usage and main function settings of the ship, and the engineering development and design research of the principal dimension demonstration and the overall performance analysis. It also introduces the basic design of the engineering development for the target ship type. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Requirement Analysis and Research Methods of Maneuverability Design for Icebreaker LIU Xiaojian, LIU Yi, WEI Yuefeng Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 123-134.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.123 Abstract （457）      PDF （1424KB）（1549）       Knowledge map    Save The maneuvering of ships sailing in Polar Regions is much more complex than those in conventional waters, imposing hazards on ships sailing in Polar Regions. However, there are currently few analysis and research on the characteristics and maneuverability design requirements of polar icebreakers. This study introduces the polar environment related to the maneuverability of icebreakers, such as the wind, wave and current, shallow water, narrow waterway, low temperature and low visibility. It also analyzes the classification and ship characteristics of the icebreakers in Russia and other countries, and summarizes the relevant requirements of maneuverability standards for maneuvering devices on ice breakers with pod, multi-propeller and multi-rudder. In order to meet the requirement of maneuverability design, it introduces the maneuverability research methods such as the model test, full-scale test and numerical simulation of ice breakers, and the calculation methods for the ship-ice interaction forces such as the empirical formula method, finite element method and discrete element method. The above analysis and summary can provide references for the maneuverability design of icebreakers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Engineering Applications of Sea Ice Physical and Mechanical Properties: A Case Study on Unloading Cargos on Ice in the Antarctic WANG Qingkai, LI Zhijun, LU Peng Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 137-142.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.137 Abstract （522）      PDF （1896KB）（1542）       Knowledge map    Save Since 1980s, China has begun to study sea ice in the polar regions, and more accumulation has been made in the natural science of the sea ice than in the relevant engineering application. The engineering properties of the sea ice are of great concern with the increasing value of polar shipping. The physical and mechanical properties are important engineering properties of the sea ice, which determine the rational design and safe operation of the ice engineering. The three-point bending tests under different temperatures are conducted in the low-temperature laboratory to measure the sea ice flexural strength and effective elastic modulus by using the complete ice block that was extracted through the whole ice thickness of the landfast sea ice in the Prydz Bay during the 36th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. The flexural strength and effective elastic modulus are correlated to the sea ice porosity. The lower envelope of the flexural strength and the upper envelope of the effective elastic modulus are used to estimate the bearing capacity of the landfast ice in the Prydz Bay, Antarctica. It can provide a safety guarantee for the unloading on ice in Antarctica. By using the physical properties of the sea ice, the mechanical properties of the sea ice are obtained to design the bearing capacity of the ice layer, which gives a new insight on the ice engineering. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Development of Ultra-Large Self-Propelled Cutter Suction Dredger “HAO HAI LONG” FEI Long, ZHANG Xiaofeng, SHAN Tiebing Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (06): 10-10.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.06.010 Abstract （691）      PDF （1185KB）（1519）       Knowledge map    Save The ultra-large self-propelled cutter suction dredger not only has the operating capacity of the ultra-strong excavation and the long-distance efficient transportation of the seabed rock, but also has the adaptability to high sea state and the ability of high autonomy. It has become the irreplaceable equipment for major infrastructure constructions, such as port, artificial island and land reclamation, which is the preferred ship type to be developed for large dredging companies. This paper analyzes the development of the international ultra-large self-propelled cutter suction dredger, and reviews the development history of the large cutter suction dredger in China. The operating principle and system composition of the cutter suction dredger are briefly described to analyze the key factors to be considered in the design of the cutter dredger regarding the dredging soil quality, capacity, digging depth, discharge distance and environmental conditions. It comprehensively analyzes the key technologies of the design scheme of the “HAO HAI LONG”, such as the ship type and general arrangement, the cutter drive, the structure design of the bridge, the mud and sand transportation, the flexible steel pile, the full electric drive and the vibration reduction of the accommodation. The technologies of the long-shaft drive with double motor for cutters, the double shell box type bridge structure, the combination of three dredging pumps, the flexible steel pile and the full electric drive are very suitable for the ultra large cutter suction dredger. The design principle of the cutter suction dredger and the design technology of the “HAO HAI LONG” can provide references for the development of the ultra large self-propelled cutter suction dredger. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of Sea Ice Engineering Research in China YUE Qianjin, WANG Guojun, DONG Rui, HUANG Yating, WU Kuankuan, ZHANG Dayong Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 51-60.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.051 Abstract （927）      PDF （1217KB）（1511）       Knowledge map    Save In the late 1960s, mass of oil and gas resources were discovered in the frozen Bohai Sea area of China, which promoted the research of sea ice. The large-scale sea ice survey, the growth and movement of the sea ice, the physical and mechanical behavior of the sea ice, the ice load, the design of the ice resistance structure, and the management of the sea ice are studied successively. And all-round international cooperation and exchange are also carried out. China’s research results of the sea ice not only guarantee the construction and operation of the oil and gas development in Bohai Sea, but also are applied to the development and construction of offshore wind farm infrastructure in the ice regions of Huanghai and Bohai Sea. The history of China’s sea ice research is also reviewed from the viewpoint of the marine resources development of the ice regions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Brief Analysis on Control Technology of NOX and SOX in Marine Engine Emission WU Wentao, CAI Yunkai Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (05): 88-98.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.05.088 Abstract （835）      PDF （2490KB）（1510）       Knowledge map    Save As one of the three major transportation systems, ocean shipping has the advantages of low transportation cost, large transport capacity and high safety. However, NOX and SOX in marine engine emission also cause serious air pollution, demanding urgent control. This paper summarizes the current control technologies of NOX and SOX in marine engine emission at home and abroad, and introduces the working principle, advantages and disadvantages of each technology. It is believed that the integrated technology of desulfurization and denitration based on the exhaust gas treatment system is more suitable for refitting old ships due to less modification to the ships. However, the new energy green ship technology based on alternative fuels and fuel cells is the most ideal solution for the control of ship pollutants and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of Influencing Factors of Ship Collision Damage ZHU Yuepeng, ZHOU Likun, GONG Fangyuan, JIAO Yuping Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 44-52.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.044 Abstract （610）      PDF （1243KB）（1478）       Knowledge map    Save The factors affecting the ship collision damage have been attracting attention in order to reduce the impact of ship collision damage, enhance the safety of ship navigation and protect the water environment. The main influencing factors of the ship collision damage are reviewed from three aspects, including the impact of the bow, side structure of the collided ship and relative motion state of the two ships. The countermeasures and suggestions for reducing the ship collision damage are elaborated from three viewpoints including the optimization of the bow design, the strengthening of the side hull structure and the emergency operation, and the existing shortcomings are pointed out. Further research prospects for the ship collision damage are proposed, such as the coordination of the buffer bow, the crashworthiness enhancement and ship weight increase, and the interrelationship between the emergency operation and insufficient helmsman capabilities. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Power Grid Architecture of Heavy Icebreakers LU Wei, ZHI Li Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 129-136.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.129 Abstract （367）      PDF （6548KB）（1471）       Knowledge map    Save The development of heavy icebreakers above PC2 class has become an important part of the polar strategy with the growth of the demand of polar exploration research and development in China. A propulsion system with great power and redundancy is a particular feature of heavy icebreakers. It is found that the electric propulsion system has become the development trend through the analysis of the foreign heavy icebreakers using conventional power. The total capacity of its integrated power system is often greater than 50 MW. The output power of the propulsion motor can reach 20 MW with multiple main thrusters, and the single engine power may exceed 10 MW with more than four prime motors. The capacity level of the above-mentioned key devices of the power system is rarely used on existing ships, with insufficient domestic supporting parts. The essential parts of the power system such as the generators, propulsion motors and frequency converters are selected by analyzing the power grid voltage level based on the demand of heavy icebreakers. Combined with the domestic supporting situations, a power grid architecture for the heavy icebreaker is proposed with reference to the existing power grid architecture in foreign countries, in order to facilitate the development of subsequent ships. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Optimization Design of Shaft System on a 307 000 t VLCC Equipped With Shaft Generator WANG Pengyin, SHEN Huiyu, WANG Haibo, WANG Yuncai, AN Le Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (06): 96-106.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.06.096 Abstract （452）      PDF （1074KB）（1464）       Knowledge map    Save Energy efficiency is the main direction of innovation in today’s shipping industry. In particular, the Ship Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), which came into effect by IMO on January 1, 2013, has pushed energy efficiency innovation to a whole new level. Since the introduction of marine shaft generator in the 1980s, it has been gradually applied to large container ships after successive major changes and innovations. However, there are no application case of shaft generator on a full-scale Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) due to the limitations imposed by many factors such as space and speed. The world’s first VLCC equipped with the shaft generator is optimized with consideration of the influences of the shafting torsional vibration equipment, bearing load distribution, machinery space layout and stern shaft extraction, etc. The shaft system of the VLCC is optimized and designed from three aspects of shafting arrangement, shafting torsional calculation and shafting alignment calculation. A feasible, efficient and forward-looking low-cost optimization design scheme of the shafting is then obtained by adjusting the number, material and diameter of the shafting, and the height of the main engine. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ship-Shore Compatibility and Practical Operation Points for LNG Carriers ZHANG Kun Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 97-106.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.097 Abstract （608）      PDF （1815KB）（1420）       Knowledge map    Save Ship-shore matching verification is an important guarantee for safe berthing, unberthing, and efficient operation of ships. The basic procedure of the ship-shore compatibility study has been summarized through the confirmation and analysis of the ship-shore compatibility study before the handling operation during the berthing of the LNG carrier. The key points of the practical operation and control are pointed out by focusing on the information exchange between ships and shore, data collection and mooring analysis, with emphasis on the importance and necessity of the ship-shore compatibility study. The requirements and reasonable suggestions are provided for the monitoring of practical operation, the ship-shore safety check, the port state control inspection and the review of ships that have passed the ship-shore compatibility study but have not arrived at the port for a long time during the handling operation of berthing ships. The measures against the listed problems that arise from the insufficient compatibility study are provided to guide other receiving terminals to conduct sufficient compatibility study, ship-shore interface safety check and port state control inspection, and safely and efficiently finish relevant jobs, such as the berthing, operation, unberthing and re-berthing of the ships. The operation efficiency of the ships at shore stations is improved to achieve the optimal berthing operation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics