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State of the Art Review of Recent Ship Seakeeping Researches and Some Comments ZHU Renchuan, XU Dekang, WANG Hui, SHI Kaiyuan, ZHAN Ke Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (03): 1-19.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.03.001 Abstract （904）      PDF （1951KB）（2445）       Knowledge map    Save Seakeeping is one of the most important performance aspects for ship sailing and operating at sea. It is a research field related to the complex physical problems of wave and structure interactions. Seakeeping performance of a ship is influenced by the weather condition, the wave conditions, and the costal and deepwater region characteristics, which is also affected by the geometry, scale, encountered wave angle, speed, loading condition and the inherent natural frequency of the ship. The paper summarizes the recent hydrodynamic methods and development trend, along with some comments on the key developments of seakeeping researches. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art and Development Trend of Intelligent Ship System XU Weiming, QU Rongze, XUE Guoliang, XU Minyi, ZHU Xiao, LIU Zhijian, ZHANG Qiqi Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 46-55.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.046 Abstract （2150）      PDF （1699KB）（1938）       Knowledge map    Save With the arrival of the intelligent era, the world shipbuilding industry and shipping industry are gradually focusing on intelligent ships, and the research of intelligent ship system has become one of the hot issues. This paper introduces the intelligent ship and the intelligent ship system, reviews the state-of-the-art and the development characteristics of the intelligent ship system both home and abroad, and prospects the development trend of the ship intelligent system. It is proposed to accelerate the research and development of the critical technologies and key system equipment through the guidance of national key projects for intelligent ships, orderly promoting the development of the intelligent ship system for various ship types. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and Prospects of Inland Waterway Transport Infrastructure and Ship Technology YU Quanhu Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 96-108.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.009 Abstract （571）      PDF （2154KB）（1652）       Knowledge map    Save China’s transportation industry has entered a new development stage of comprehensive construction of transportation power. And the comparative advantage of the inland waterway transport in the comprehensive transportation system has not yet been fully utilized. The implementation of the new development pattern of “dual circulation” and the “dual carbon” strategy requires innovative development of inland waterway transport and its core elements of ship technology. The development of the inland waterway transport infrastructure and ship technology is prospected by reviewing and summarizing the development status, relevant policy evolution, innovative technology research progress, and typical cases of inland waterway transport, maritime transport and ship technology at home and abroad. The future inland waterway transport infrastructure will be deeply integrated with digital, information, and network technologies, and the shore based control center will be networked as critical facilities and ship energy supply facility. Ships are evolving towards standardization and genealogy of ship types, intelligence, low-manned, green and diversified energy, and mainstreaming of electric propulsion. Ship formation navigation has become an innovative transportation mode. The exploration of the transformation direction of the inland waterway transport infrastructure and ship technology can provide references for the construction of a new generation of inland waterway transport system and the research and development of advanced ship types. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of World Shipping Market in 2022 and Prospect in 2023 WEI Mei, PAN Fang, WANG Yingyi, ZHOU Yilai Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 14-32.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.014 Abstract （540）      PDF （5962KB）（1576）       Knowledge map    Save Affected by factors such as monetary policy, geopolitical conflicts and the ongoing COVID-19, the macro-economy in 2022 showed a weakening trend after a brief economic recovery in 2021, and the pattern of maritime trade developed towards regionalization. As a result, the new shipbuilding market in 2022 showed an overall downward trend, with a year-on-year decline of 30.6%. Container ships, bulk carriers, oil tankers and offshore engineering vessels all showed downward trends, among them oil tankers showed the highest decline of 72.0%.Meanwhile, LNG carriers and Ro-Ro ships showed an upward trend, with an increase of 88.0% and 135.1%, respectively. Limited by the labor market and capacity adjustment of major shipbuilding domestic industries such as China and South Korea, the completion of shipbuilding in 2022 fell by 6.9% year-on-year. The orders at hand also decreased in 2022 with a decline of 7.5% year-on-year. Under the influence of environmental protection regulations, green fuel ships have developed rapidly, accounting for 44.5% of new ship orders, which becomes an important competitive area for shipbuilding countries. The global economic growth will continue to decline in 2023, which is expected to have a negative impact on the ship market. However, the high value-added ships such as LNG ships and green ships will continue to be popular. The global ship products will accelerate the development towards green and intelligent. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review and Prospect of Offshore Engineering Equipment Industry Development in China LI Xiaoping Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (05): 1-11.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.05.001 Abstract （495）      PDF （3026KB）（1484）       Knowledge map    Save The offshore engineering equipment is a highly integrated strategic emerging industry that forms the basis for the development and utilization of ocean resources. The development of Chinese offshore engineering equipment industry is reviewed to analyze the global innovation pattern of the offshore engineering equipment industry. It is pointed out that the Chinese offshore engineering equipment industry should seize the “time window” of a new round of technological innovation and acceleration of structural adjustment, and break through the original and leading core technologies of the offshore equipment. Focusing on the equipment for exploitation of marine oil and gas resources, marine biological resources, deep-sea mineral resources and marine renewable energy, it addresses efforts should be made to break through the bottleneck issues of general design, system integration, key systems and equipment. The independent and complete offshore engineering equipment technology and product system are promoted to improve the high-quality development of Chinese offshore engineering equipment industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art of Polar Navigation and Ice Exploration Equipment GUO Kun, LU Wei, WANG Xingchuan, WANG Qingxin, ZHANG Qiming, SUN Lei, JIN Biyao Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 143-153.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.143 Abstract （621）      PDF （3031KB）（1463）       Knowledge map    Save Polar navigation is the guarantee for ships to achieve scientific research and safe navigation in the polar area. At present, there are many studies on the theory of polar navigation in China about the arrangement of Inertial Navigation System (INS), the availability of satellite navigation polar area, multi-sensor integrated navigation, etc. But there are still blanks in the application of polar navigation and ice exploration equipment in the high latitude navigation engineering in the polar area. In order to solve the engineering application problems of the device in the polar region from the system level, the paper combines the theory to analyze the polar environment and ship based in the polar region on the performance of the navigation device, and combines the research status of the ice exploration radar, inertial navigation, satellite navigation, electronic charts, satellite communication and other devices in the polar region, studies the working process of the design of the ice navigation device, and discusses the direction of future research and development of the navigation device in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State of the Art Review of Waterjet Propulsion Technology LIU Jianguo, ZHANG Zhiyuan, DAI Yuanxing, SUN Chong Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (06): 1-13.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.06.001 Abstract （493）      PDF （1343KB）（1438）       Knowledge map    Save This paper systematically discusses the basic theoretical research on the control volume, thrust characterization, waterjet propulsion and their interaction of the waterjet propulsion system, and the key design methods, relevant simulation evaluation and test verification methods of the waterjet propulsion system of the waterjet propulsion pump, inlet duct, steering and reversing mechanism and low-noise propulsion system. It also discusses the current status of the typical applications of waterjet propulsion devices in the three major fields of high-speed military vessels, civilian ships and amphibious vehicles. According to the characteristics of waterjet propulsion technology and its integration with the development of modern technology, the development trends of the waterjet propulsion technology are proposed, including the integrated system design of the waterjet propulsion and the ship, the hydrodynamic design from macro to micro, the digital and intelligent technology of the waterjet propulsion, the integrated electric-driven waterjet propulsion system, and the coordination design of the waterjet propulsion for stealthiness. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Polar Ship Rule and Its Main Technical Development CAO Jing, WANG Gang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 61-71.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.061 Abstract （516）      PDF （3651KB）（1294）       Knowledge map    Save The characteristics of polar ship rules of China Classification Society have been analyzed by reviewing the current status of international conventions and rules of polar ships. The technical development trend of rules of polar ships is also summarized combining with the national polar strategy and development needs. Aiming at the important key technical issues of the ice-breaking technology, the winterization technology and the sailing safety supporting technology, the ice load technology of ship structure, the structural strength calculation under ice load, the propeller and shafting strength under ice load excitation, the winterization design and low temperature test verification of polar ships, the assessment of the polar operation capability, and the hull monitoring technology for operations in polar regions are introduced. The corresponding development suggestions are proposed to provide technical support for the independent establishment of China’s polar ship rule system in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of Artificial Intelligence Technology Applications in Offshore Wind Turbines KANG Yirou, CHEN Peng, CHENG Zhengshun, HU Zhiqiang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (05): 12-23.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.05.012 Abstract （518）      PDF （1828KB）（1282）       Knowledge map    Save At present, the offshore wind turbine in China is developing rapidly, and the application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of offshore wind turbine is the current research hotspot. This paper analyzes and summarizes the application of various artificial intelligence technologies in the dynamic response analysis, operation and maintenance monitoring, design, operation and maintenance optimization of offshore wind turbines in multiple directions, involving dynamic response forecasting, power forecasting, structural monitoring, fault diagnosis, control optimization, operation and maintenance optimization. The results show that AI technology can better cope with the challenges in the field of offshore wind turbine design and operation and maintenance. Finally, the application prospects of AI technology in the area of offshore wind turbines and several major constraints currently exist are discussed, and the future development direction is envisioned. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Design Rules for Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers at Home and Abroad WU Jun, WU Gang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 100-106.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.100 Abstract （361）      PDF （2517KB）（1236）       Knowledge map    Save The applicable rules of nuclear-powered icebreakers at home and abroad are introduced from the design requirements of icebreakers. And the key points of icebreaker design rules are analyzed from polar risks such as low temperature, excessive ice and remote geographical location. Firstly, the definitions of low-temperature environment in different classification society rules have been compared, and the design points of winterization rules are interpreted from the aspects of engine intake, cold protection for liquid tank and escape passage. Secondly, the relevant requirements of the general arrangement are sorted out from the requirements of fire safety, nuclear safety and winterization. The influence of icing on the requirements of intact stability, riding ice stability and damaged stability in rules are also summarized. Finally, the strength check rules of ice class rudder system and ice class propeller are analyzed. The above comparison and analysis of rules can provide references for future design of nuclear-powered icebreakers with practical significance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Status and Development Trend of Satellite Observation Technology for Polar Shipping YU Zhitong, HUANG Yan, HU Luojia, MA Rong, XIAO Peng, CHENG Xiao Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 12-19.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.012 Abstract （344）      PDF （1559KB）（1234）       Knowledge map    Save The polar region is a new frontier for human survival and development, and a commanding height for ecological security, interests and well-being and strategic cooperation between major powers in the future. It faces new needs and challenges in scientific research, search and rescue, and waterway development. Improving the global governance and security capabilities of the polar region and realizing real-time perception, utilization and leading governance of the entire polar region have become the hallmarks of polar powers. Countries and regions such as Europe, the United States and Japan have accelerated the development of three-dimensional monitoring capabilities for polar environmental cognition, but there are still obvious shortcomings in China's polar access and detection capabilities. There is still a lack of first-hand information on relevant ice and sea areas, and there is an urgent need to increase investment in research and development of polar satellite technology and improve the ability to obtain and collect polar data. This study mainly focuses on the actual needs of polar shipping, systematically discusses the current status of polar remote sensing satellite detection technology at home and abroad, and puts forward the development trend of polar space-based observation system in China. It will provide support for demonstrating the capabilities of the new polar satellite equipment system, formulating the top-level framework and development route, promoting China's development and utilization of the polar region, and enhancing the voice and influence in major international affairs in global geopolitically sensitive areas and strategic areas. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on Establishment of China Polar Rescue System HUANG Wei, WU Bin, TANG Qingzhi, LI Yuan Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 40-50.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.040 Abstract （303）      PDF （1485KB）（1221）       Knowledge map    Save The harsh natural environment and special geographical position of the polar regions make the polar activities more dangerous. Frequent sudden accidents also impose higher requirements for the emergency rescue in the polar regions. China has carried out a large number of scientific investigations and commercial shipping in the Antarctic and Arctic, but with weak foundation of polar rescue. By summarizing the current main rescue modes in the polar regions, a preliminary idea of the polar rescue system is proposed, and the organization structure, regulation study, platform construction, environmental survey, communication and navigation, rescue station distribution, equipment development, personnel training and procedure formulation are described. This study will fill the gap in the research of polar rescue system in China, in order to provide references for the establishment of the polar rescue system in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of World Shipping Market in 2023 and Prospect in 2024 WEI Mei, ZHOU Yilai, GAO Jue, WANG Yingyi, PAN Fang Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 1-18.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.001 Abstract （529）      PDF （4676KB）（1143）       Knowledge map    Save In 2023, the global economic growth rate slowed down from 3.5% in 2022 to 3.1%, but showing significant resilience with accelerating global economic growth differentiation among different economies. With the relaxation of global epidemic control and the increase of geopolitical conflicts, the commodity trade has been disturbed, and the seaborne trade is expected to grow by 2.4% in 2023. The market fundamentals of the shipbuilding industry are stable and positive. The key market indicators maintain growth with a year-on-year increase of 25% in new ship orders and a 12% increase in completed deliveries in terms of deadweight tonnage. Among them, new orders for oil tankers increased by 356.6% year-on-year, and new orders for bulk carriers increased by 33% year-on-year, but container ships and gas carriers fell back. Among the major shipbuilding countries, China’s shipbuilding industry stays ahead with new ship orders accounting for 68% of the global market share. The orders for dual-fuel vessels using alternative fuels continue to grow, accounting for 34% of global orders. The shipbuilding industry is expected to maintain an upward trend in 2024, especially for bulk carriers and oil tankers. The acceleration of the decarbonization process and the development of artificial intelligence technology will also bring opportunities and challenges to the high-quality development of the shipping industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Technology Development Trends of LNG Carrier LOU Danping, YANG Chunhua Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 19-27.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.019 Abstract （754）      PDF （2990KB）（1134）       Knowledge map    Save The market demand for liquefied natural gas（LNG）carriers continuous to be booming with the rapid growth of the global LNG trading and the high concern of the shipping industry on the carbon reduction technology. This paper introduces the development of the LNG ship types, liquid cargo containment system, liquid cargo handling system, propulsion system, energy-saving and emission-reduction technology, intelligence technology application and independent localization of the supporting technologies. Several important development directions and trends of the key technologies of the LNG carrier are pointed out to provide clear guidance for independent and controllable key technologies of China's LNG carrier. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art of Polar Icebreaker Pod Propulsion System LONG Fei, FANG Bin, YANG Chao Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 154-160.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.154 Abstract （499）      PDF （2695KB）（1116）       Knowledge map    Save The accelerated melting Arctic Sea ice has increased the availability of the Arctic shipping lane. As a major maritime and trading country, China can make full use of the Arctic shipping lane to alleviate the “Malacca dilemma” of the maritime transportation and ensure the transportation safety of Chinese strategic materials. The Arctic shipping lane cannot be opened without the support of polar icebreakers. The pod propulsion system that is the key equipment of modern polar icebreakers can give full play to the ice-breaking ability of icebreakers. Under the current international situation, the construction of polar icebreakers in China demands independent development of the ice-class pod propulsion system for the polar icebreakers. The current study introduces the development and current situation of the pod propulsion. It analyzes the characteristics of the ice-class pod propulsion system, summarizes the key technologies for the development of the ice-class pod propulsion system, and presents the development trend of the ice-class pod propulsion system. It is found that the ice-class pod propulsion system has higher technical threshold than the non-ice pods due to the characteristics of complex operating conditions, variable ice loads, high torque overloads, and fast dynamic response of revolution speed. Throughout the development of the pods, it is suggested to be led by professional electric companies, combine the advanced resources in the industry to break through the key technologies, and launch products with demonstration and verification as soon as possible, in order to support the opening of China’s Arctic shipping lane. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on General Design of Large Aquaculture Ship Using Recirculating Water Technology LI Zhiyu, TONG Bo, SHAO Wuhao Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (06): 20-29.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.06.020 Abstract （263）      PDF （1092KB）（1089）       Knowledge map    Save The aquaculture ship is one of the core equipment for the development of deep sea aquaculture, and the large aquaculture ship using recirculating water technology is one of the main technical route for the development of aquaculture ships in China. With recirculating water aquaculture system as the core, the factory aquaculture technology is adopted to improve the application scope and industrialization level of the aquaculture equipment. In view of the characteristics of this type of ship, a general design idea is proposed based on the development of some 80,000 m³ aquaculture ship, which focuses on the general arrangement, system design, structural design and overall performance analysis by taking the recirculating aquaculture system as the core. The design points of the recirculating aquaculture system, the water intake system, and the aquaculture comprehensive management and control system are discussed to provide references for the subsequent design of this type of ship. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Thought on Economical Drilling and Production Platform and Safe Drilling Technology for Natural Gas Hydrate in Ocean WANG Zhiyuan, ZHANG Yangyang, ZHANG Jianbo, YANG Hemin Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (05): 1-20.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.05.001 Abstract （243）      PDF （3970KB）（1088）       Knowledge map    Save The ocean has huge reserves of natural gas hydrate, which is a strategic alternative energy source with great potential in the future. However, there is still a capacity gap of 2~3 orders of magnitude between the trial production and commercial production. Meanwhile, the drilling of hydrates is faced with many challenges. In view of this, the research and development of economical natural gas hydrate drilling platform or upgrading of existing platforms, and the application of safe drilling technologies are important measures to improve the economic performance of natural gas hydrate drilling. This paper summarizes the relevant hydrate drilling and production platforms based on the drilling and production status of natural gas hydrate reservoirs in the ocean. It analyzes the application potential of deep-water subsea drilling rigs from technical and economic feasibility. Finally, based on the drilling characteristics of hydrate reservoirs, it points out that the exploration and upgrading of managed pressure drilling, open circuit drilling, casing drilling, coiled tubing drilling and others should be strengthened in the future, which has a certain guiding significance for the economical transformation of offshore gas hydrate drilling and production platform and research on safe drilling technologies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art and Prospect of Localization of Outfitting Equipment for Polar Ships ZHANG Haiying, TANG Xiaoyang, YAN Fengchao, CHEN Peng Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 107-111.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.107 Abstract （234）      PDF （1791KB）（1077）       Knowledge map    Save The equipment on weather deck of polar ships, especially high polar-ice-class icebreakers, should withstand extremely low design service temperatures. The steering gear and bow thrusters should also consider the additional requirements for ice loading. The input requirements for the equipment design are analyzed from the rules of main outfitting equipment such as the lifesaving equipment, deck machinery and manoeuvring devices. The equipment configuration and location of the high polar-ice-class ships that were delivered at home and abroad are analyzed to provide references for the localization of main outfitting equipment in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Brief Analysis on Control Technology of NOX and SOX in Marine Engine Emission WU Wentao, CAI Yunkai Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (05): 88-98.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.05.088 Abstract （621）      PDF （2490KB）（1058）       Knowledge map    Save As one of the three major transportation systems, ocean shipping has the advantages of low transportation cost, large transport capacity and high safety. However, NOX and SOX in marine engine emission also cause serious air pollution, demanding urgent control. This paper summarizes the current control technologies of NOX and SOX in marine engine emission at home and abroad, and introduces the working principle, advantages and disadvantages of each technology. It is believed that the integrated technology of desulfurization and denitration based on the exhaust gas treatment system is more suitable for refitting old ships due to less modification to the ships. However, the new energy green ship technology based on alternative fuels and fuel cells is the most ideal solution for the control of ship pollutants and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Cruise Ship and Reflections on Its Design and Construction in China MA Wangkou Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 26-40.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.003 Abstract （290）      PDF （4364KB）（1050）       Knowledge map    Save A cruise ship is a typical ship type of high technology, high difficulty, and high added value, which is the carrier and core of the rapid development of the cruise industry in China. However, it is also the only ship type that does not fully possess independent research and development, design, construction, supporting facility and operation capability in China. Firstly, the recent operation market and new shipbuilding industry for the cruise ship at home and abroad are reviewed. The ship type characteristics and the development of the newly-built cruise ships are then summarized. Three potential technologies are subsequently introduced, including methanol powered cruise ships, lightweight design based on lightweight materials and waste heat recovery of main engines based on Organic Rankine Cycle system. Finally, the challenges and countermeasures faced by the development of the design and construction of the cruise ships in China are analyzed and discussed from four aspects, namely independent design, efficient construction and engineering control, independent supporting facility and supply chain construction, and independent operation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Digital Transformation: the Way to High-Quality Development of Ship Design HU Keyi, WANG Bing Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 1-13.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.001 Abstract （511）      PDF （3590KB）（1040）       Knowledge map    Save In the tide of the digital transformation, the mode and process of modern ship design have undergone revolutionary transformation compared to the previous 2D design drawings due to the emergence of various digital design tools. With the continuous improvement of computer processing and the continuous deepening of the intelligent development of design software, 3D Digital Mock-Up（3D DMU）has gradually become the infrastructure of new industrial designs. Modern ship design is a customized and discrete large-scale engineering design. The introduction of 3D DMU and its extension to 3D digital ship mode will bring significant changes to the ship design process and its connotations, and the “Single Source of Truth（SSOT）” based on the 3D DMU will reshape the entire ship design process. This article focuses on the significant changes of 3D DMU and SSOT to the ship design through the analysis of the changing paradigm of modern ship design. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Key Technologies for Construction of Polar Research Icebreakers CAI Qianya, WANG Shuguang, ZHAO Zhenhua, DING Yun Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 98-109.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.098 Abstract （272）      PDF （7334KB）（1040）       Knowledge map    Save A series of technical problems of “ice-breaking, winterization and scientific research” in the construction process of the “Xue Long 2” are summarized in order to systematically solve the bottleneck of Chinese polar ship construction technology in the future. The key points of the ice-breaking structure construction, the winterization design and the installation of the polar research equipment are reviewed from the construction process of the assembly plant, achieving technical breakthroughs in the construction of the polar research icebreaker. It also proposes the key points of structure construction technology optimization and winterization protection system design, and preliminarily set up the fine construction technology system for the polar research ship lifecycle. The advance research of the construction technology of a heavy icebreaker is also carried out to put forward further research interest. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Measures of Carbon Emission Reduction for Ship Products LI Xin, CHU Jianshu Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (03): 28-36.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.03.028 Abstract （338）      PDF （1656KB）（1024）       Knowledge map    Save The rapid increase in carbon emissions from the shipping industry will have a serious impact on the aggravation of the greenhouse effect. All parties in the shipping industry have put forward higher expectations and requirements for ship products to reduce carbon emissions. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has strictly controlled the access of new ships through the survey and certification of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI). Focusing on the reduction of the EEDI to meet the requirement of the carbon emission reduction in each stage, the EEDI is thoroughly studied by reviewing and analyzing the current measures of ship carbon emission reduction, with emphasis on the concept, method, effectiveness, application, implementation restrictions and future prospects of eleven measures of carbon emission reduction. The analysis shows that various measures have certain effects, but it is difficult for a single measure to achieve the goal of low-carbon or zero-carbon emissions alone. The analysis of the carbon emission reduction measures from the viewpoint of the shipbuilding enterprises can provide references for the academic research and industrial practice of ship products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on Propeller Design of Polar Icebreaker DING Ju, WANG Jianqiang, LIU Zhenghao, ZHOU Min, KONG Weiping Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 175-184.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.175 Abstract （564）      PDF （4609KB）（1016）       Knowledge map    Save Propeller is the core component of a ship. The performance of the propeller of an icebreaker is directly related to the speed/power performance, ice-breaking performance, vibration and noise performance and safe navigation performance of the whole ship. The design of the ice class propeller is therefore the key stage during the design of the icebreaker. It is necessary to ensure that the performance of the propeller can meet the design requirements. Different from the conventional propeller that operates in the open waters, the ice class propeller operates in the ice waters. The impact of the ice on the propeller should be considered during the design of the ice class propeller. However, there is little experience of the ice class propeller design in China. The ice class propeller design process (IPDP) has been established based on the analysis of the characteristics of the ice class propeller in the current study. The design results and model test results of the ice class propeller of a PC2 heavy icebreaker are presented. The results show that the design process of the ice class propeller is different from that of the conventional propeller with special focuses on the iterative design of the propeller parameters and hull parameters, due to the heavy load and multi-working conditions of the ice class propeller. It is necessary to verify not only the speed/power performance and vibration performance in the open waters, but also the speed/power performance and propeller strength performance in the ice regions. A detachable fixed pitch propeller is designed for the high ice class propeller to facilitate the repair and replacement of one single blade. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Impact of Green and Low-Carbon on the Development of Maritime Industry LI Yanqing Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 1-18.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.001 Abstract （529）      PDF （6696KB）（1014）       Knowledge map    Save Upholding the green and low-carbon development of the maritime industry is not only imperative for the control of the global climate change, but also promotes the industrial transformation and upgrading. Since the United Nation launched the action on Climate Change, the international maritime community has been seeking a fundamental solution to the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction through the combination of technology, operation and market. With the continuous enriching of the topics on the marine pollution prevention, the application of new technologies driven by the legislation is promoting the gradually developed “green solutions” for whole-ship solutions. The rapid changes in product concepts and methods are also increasingly affecting the whole process of the ship design, manufacturing and operation, extending to the supply chain management in the perspective of the full life cycle of carbon footprint. The current study aims to analyze and summarize the key points of GHG emission reduction in maritime legislation, industry technological innovation, important hot issues and several major factors affecting the future development of the industry in the past decade. Focusing on the key issue of alternative marine fuel transition, the directions, key points and strategies of the industry to adapt to green and low-carbon are proposed from the perspective of industrial competition and technological development. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art and Development Suggestions of International Standardization in Shipbuilding Industry HU Fangzhen Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 33-42.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.033 Abstract （449）      PDF （2145KB）（999）       Knowledge map    Save As an important technical support for the international development of ship equipment, international standards greatly promote the technological innovation, industrial development and international trade in the ship industry. The international standardization in the ship industry is of great concern for each country. All countries actively carry out technical research and lay out international standard formulation in key areas such as smart ships, safety and environmental protection. This article outlines the main international standardization organizations（ISO/TC8, TC188, IEC/TC18, IEC/TC80）and their standard formulation in the shipbuilding industry. It also analyzes the prospect and development trend of the international standardization of the shipbuilding industry around the new international situation and the development need of domestic shipping and shipbuilding industries. The state-of-art of the international standardization in China's ship industry is summarized to propose suggestions of continuously improving the layout of the existing international standards, orderly promoting the development of the international standards in key areas and actively undertaking the management duties, in order to promote more advanced technologies in the shipbuilding industry to the world in the form of standards. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Engineering Development of Large Deep Sea Multi-Purpose Comprehensive Rescue Vessel ZHOU Guoping Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (06): 1-9.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.06.001 Abstract （362）      PDF （850KB）（948）       Knowledge map    Save Large deep sea multi-purpose comprehensive rescue vessels provide the rescue security of the personnel and property for the development of deep-water oil and gas resources in the South China Sea, the sea-going transportation of the international shipping routes, the marine fishery production, the production and living in many islands and economic waters and etc. This paper briefly introduces the usage and main function settings of the ship, and the engineering development and design research of the principal dimension demonstration and the overall performance analysis. It also introduces the basic design of the engineering development for the target ship type. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Status and Prospect of Airborne Earth Observation in the Polar Regions PANG Xiaoping, JI Qing, CUI Xiangbin, ZHU Lizhong, FAN Pei Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 20-29.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.020 Abstract （365）      PDF （3750KB）（947）       Knowledge map    Save The polar regions are the key regions to study global climate change, and also sensitive regions involving national rights and interests. Remote sensing technology offers an essential approach to monitor the ecological environment in the polar regions. Airborne remote sensing plays an important role in the Polar remote sensing due to its unique scale advantage. The importance of the polar airborne earth observation for Polar rights and strategic needs in China has been discussed, and the plans and applications of the polar airborne earth observation dominated by foreign countries in recent years are reviewed and summarized. This study attempts to prospect the application of China’s airborne earth observation in the Antarctic and Arctic regions based on the analysis of the current status of China’s polar airborne earth observation and its gap with the international advanced level, aiming at better scientific investigation, recognition and utilization of polar regions for the common interests of mankind. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Overview of Operational Numerical Forecasting Systems for Polar Sea Ice LIU Na, LIANG Xi, LI Ming, TIAN Zhongxiang, ZHAO Fu, SUN Qizhen, LI Baohui Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 30-39.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.030 Abstract （490）      PDF （4172KB）（946）       Knowledge map    Save Under the background of global warming and rapid reduction of the Arctic sea ice, polar sea ice forecasting is playing an increasingly important role. Improving the ability of polar sea ice forecasting is an important guarantee for polar ship navigation, polar energy development and protection. In recent years, some countries have developed and established polar sea ice forecasting systems, and the operational forecasting of polar sea ice has advanced substantially. By developing, testing and verifying the numerical solution of sea ice dynamics and thermodynamics, the model predictions are increasingly close to the observed values, so as to achieve the goal of flexible and powerful sea ice simulation and prediction. Aimed at timely and accurate polar sea ice forecasts for Chinese National Arctic/Antarctic Research Expedition and Arctic commercial navigation, the operational polar sea ice forecasting systems in the National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center of China assimilate the satellite-observed near-real-time sea ice concentration, sea ice thickness and sea surface temperature data on a daily basis, with a capacity of coordinated adjustments of relative tracers and momentum at the ice-ocean interface. This paper briefly introduces state-of-the-art operational polar sea ice forecasting systems in the world, and prospects the potential difficulties and problems in developing sea ice numerical forecasting skill in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of Influencing Factors of Ship Collision Damage ZHU Yuepeng, ZHOU Likun, GONG Fangyuan, JIAO Yuping Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 44-52.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.044 Abstract （391）      PDF （1243KB）（939）       Knowledge map    Save The factors affecting the ship collision damage have been attracting attention in order to reduce the impact of ship collision damage, enhance the safety of ship navigation and protect the water environment. The main influencing factors of the ship collision damage are reviewed from three aspects, including the impact of the bow, side structure of the collided ship and relative motion state of the two ships. The countermeasures and suggestions for reducing the ship collision damage are elaborated from three viewpoints including the optimization of the bow design, the strengthening of the side hull structure and the emergency operation, and the existing shortcomings are pointed out. Further research prospects for the ship collision damage are proposed, such as the coordination of the buffer bow, the crashworthiness enhancement and ship weight increase, and the interrelationship between the emergency operation and insufficient helmsman capabilities. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art and Prospects of Installation Methods for Offshore Wind Turbines JIN Jingzhe, GAO Zhen Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (03): 1-20.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.03.001 Abstract （431）      PDF （6710KB）（938）       Knowledge map    Save The difficulty and cost of the installation of offshore wind turbine (OWT) increases with the rapid development of the scale of the global offshore wind industry, the continuous enlargement of the capacity of the wind turbine and the development of wind farms towards deep sea. The installation methods suitable for large wind turbines (10 MW and above) in deeper waters and harsh sea conditions shall be thoroughly studied and refined to address this situation. Therefore, this article introduces and discusses the main installation methods of OWTs and the characteristics of OWT installation vessels, as well as their future development needs. On this basis, the installation difficulties of current OWTs are summarized. The research progresses in the numerical simulation of the OWT installation are further reviewed. The scheme of combining numerical simulation with the planning and on-site construction stages of wind turbine installation is discussed in detail to ensure safe construction and improve installation efficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Power/Speed Prediction of Ice-Going Ships Based on DEM-SPH Fluid-Structure Interaction Model WU Jie, LIU Lu, TIAN Yukui, JI Shunying Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 70-83.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.007 Abstract （216）      PDF （3713KB）（932）       Knowledge map    Save The navigation of ships in sea ice is affected by the resistance of the ice-water environment, which is an important factor in the research of the power/speed of ice ships. The ship sailing in ice areas has been simulated by a fluid-structure interaction model based on the discrete element method (DEM) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, to reasonably analyze the power/speed performance of ice ships. It obtains the resistance of the ship at different speeds, and the thrust and torque of the propeller, as well as the speed of revolution required for navigation at constant speed. A DEM-SPH model for the coupling of the hull structure, sea ice and seawater is established by directly calculating the interaction force between the structure and the fluid through the fitting of the relative motion between the SPH particles and the fixed particle boundaries, in order to study the fluid structure interaction between the hull structure, sea ice and seawater. Then the DEM-SPH coupling model is used to simulate the resistance and propulsion of the ships in ice regions. The resistance and thrust of the ships are matched through the fitting method with consideration of the influence of the resistance increment caused by the wake field, to predict the speed of revolution required for the self-propelled ship at a specific speed. The resistances of the DTMB 5415 ship model in ice floes and level ice and the propeller thrusts at different speeds of revolution are also simulated to predict the speed of revolution required for the ship sailing at specific speeds under different operation conditions. The results show that the fluid-structure interaction between the ship-ice and propeller-ice can be well simulated by the DEM-SPH coupling model, fully describing the drag effect of the ship hull and the wake field on the sea ice. A numerical simulation-based prediction of the speed of revolution for the self-propelled ship is performed through the simulations of resistance and thrust, and the fitting analysis of the forced force. It can provide foundation for further experimental verification and engineering applications. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Structural Design Characteristics of Polar Heavy Icebreaker WANG Yanwu, YANG Xuehang, ZENG Jia, XU Yigang, ZHANG Wei Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 119-128.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.119 Abstract （481）      PDF （5430KB）（915）       Knowledge map    Save Polar heavy icebreaker is the key supporting equipment for polar merchant shipping, rescue support, scientific investigation and resource exploitation. The polar heavy breaker deserves special consideration in the application of high-strength steel and other special materials, the structural safety assessment under ice load and the hull structural layout, due to the high ice load compared with the medium and low ice class polar ships/icebreakers. The previous structural design experience for medium and low ice class polar ships cannot be arbitrarily applied to the polar heavy icebreaker. The structural design and evaluating experience of a PC2 polar heavy icebreaker that was developed by Marine Design & Research Institute of China (MARIC) are summarized. It focuses on the application of high strength steel for the ice belt structure, the application requirements and characteristics of composite steel plate for the ice belt outer plate, the impact of the non-linear evaluation technology on the ice belt scantlings, and the distribution of the ice-induced shear/bending moment and its influence on the structure in non-ice-belt regions, such as the inner platform of the main ship and the side hull of the bridge. It presents the structural design characteristics of the polar heavy icebreaker and the main differences between the polar heavy icebreaker and the medium and low ice class polar ships/icebreakers in terms of the overall structural layout and the design and evaluation of the ice belt structure. With the increase of the ice class, it is believed that the ice load not only affects the outer plate and its attached components in the ice belt region, but also has significant impact on the material selection of the ice belt structure and the overall structural layout and design of the whole ship. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of Polar Climate Environment Laboratory AN Yuhui, LIU Zhibing, CHEN Xiaodong Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 185-192.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.185 Abstract （305）      PDF （2399KB）（910）       Knowledge map    Save The environment of polar regions is very different from that of other ocean regions, including extremely cold (low temperature), icing, snowing, polar day and polar night, etc. The polar climate emulation laboratory will build an indoor polar environment for the design optimization and the test of polar equipment performance, ensuring the reliable operation of ships and offshore equipment under various polar environments. Currently, the military and civil institutions in some countries around the world have built climate laboratories for the operation simulation and experimental verification of the polar equipment and technology. The key technologies of polar climate emulation laboratory, such as the load calculation, air distribution design, and insulation system and refrigeration plant configuration, are summarized and discussed combined with the design cases of the ultra-low temperature container laboratory and the polar climate laboratory. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on Future Arctic Shipping Mode LI Yuan Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 7-11.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.007 Abstract （391）      PDF （1307KB）（909）       Knowledge map    Save The Arctic passages have been the focus of the international community due to its remarkable strategic and economic value. The normalization and scalization of the Arctic shipping becomes possible in the future driven by the combination of climate change, advance of science and technology and gradual improvement of the security system. The current ship types sailing in the Arctic have shown a diversification trend, forming a window period and seasonal shipping mode. The development of the Arctic shipping in the future also faces many challenges and constraints. Moreover, political factors will raise uncertainties to the Arctic passage. This paper prospects and discusses the development and mode of the Arctic shipping in the future, and puts forward the key problems to be solved in the development of the normalization of the shipping in Arctic. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Submerged Water-Jet Propulsion for Medium and Low Speed Ships CAI Youlin, ZHANG Heng, CHEN Gang, QIU Jitao, JI Guorui, WANG Jianqiang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 92-96.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.092 Abstract （474）      PDF （1144KB）（905）       Knowledge map    Save Submerged water-jet propulsion is a new development of traditional water-jet propulsion technology. The current study systematically analyzes the propulsion efficiency, the interaction between the hull and the water-jet and the specific speed of the propulsion pump based on the concept of this type of water-jet propulsion. It firstly establishes the mathematical modelling of the specific speed and the advance coefficient of the waterjet-propelled ship that are described by principal parameters of the hull and the propulsion system. The range of the speed and the specific speed of the propulsion pump for the submerged propulsion system has been demonstrated to reveal the mechanism of high efficiency. The variation of the main parameters of the propulsion system with the speed ratio and speed of revolution has been validated through case studies. It can provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of the submerged water-jet propulsion system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ship-Shore Compatibility and Practical Operation Points for LNG Carriers ZHANG Kun Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 97-106.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.097 Abstract （375）      PDF （1815KB）（904）       Knowledge map    Save Ship-shore matching verification is an important guarantee for safe berthing, unberthing, and efficient operation of ships. The basic procedure of the ship-shore compatibility study has been summarized through the confirmation and analysis of the ship-shore compatibility study before the handling operation during the berthing of the LNG carrier. The key points of the practical operation and control are pointed out by focusing on the information exchange between ships and shore, data collection and mooring analysis, with emphasis on the importance and necessity of the ship-shore compatibility study. The requirements and reasonable suggestions are provided for the monitoring of practical operation, the ship-shore safety check, the port state control inspection and the review of ships that have passed the ship-shore compatibility study but have not arrived at the port for a long time during the handling operation of berthing ships. The measures against the listed problems that arise from the insufficient compatibility study are provided to guide other receiving terminals to conduct sufficient compatibility study, ship-shore interface safety check and port state control inspection, and safely and efficiently finish relevant jobs, such as the berthing, operation, unberthing and re-berthing of the ships. The operation efficiency of the ships at shore stations is improved to achieve the optimal berthing operation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of Sea Ice Engineering Research in China YUE Qianjin, WANG Guojun, DONG Rui, HUANG Yating, WU Kuankuan, ZHANG Dayong Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 51-60.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.051 Abstract （597）      PDF （1217KB）（895）       Knowledge map    Save In the late 1960s, mass of oil and gas resources were discovered in the frozen Bohai Sea area of China, which promoted the research of sea ice. The large-scale sea ice survey, the growth and movement of the sea ice, the physical and mechanical behavior of the sea ice, the ice load, the design of the ice resistance structure, and the management of the sea ice are studied successively. And all-round international cooperation and exchange are also carried out. China’s research results of the sea ice not only guarantee the construction and operation of the oil and gas development in Bohai Sea, but also are applied to the development and construction of offshore wind farm infrastructure in the ice regions of Huanghai and Bohai Sea. The history of China’s sea ice research is also reviewed from the viewpoint of the marine resources development of the ice regions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Research of Emergency Shutdown System for Large FPSOs LIU Guozhen Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (05): 113-121.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.05.113 Abstract （171）      PDF （1827KB）（881）       Knowledge map    Save The overall architecture of the central control system on a 300,000 DWT floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) unit of Petrobras has been taken as the starting point, focusing on the configuration, shutdown logic, main functions and characteristics of its emergency shutdown (ESD) system. According to the safety design rules for the offshore production installation unit of Petrobras, a set of causal logic of safety shutdown system suitable for large FPSO units in the Brazilian sea has been creatively developed on the basis of setting the safety shutdown level and the fire and gas zoning. Combing with the systems of the whole ship and the field production and operation practices, the causes of shutdown should be considered as thoroughly as possible, with clear fire and gas voting logic. The equipment and systems that need to be cut off in the shutdown results at all levels are described one by one, introducing the concept of damper zoning for the first time. The major purpose of the fire and gas shutdown and the emergency shutdown is to minimize the impact of shutdown results on the topside process of the FPSO, and to maximize the safety of personnel and the continuous production. The characteristics of this shutdown method different from the design of traditional FPSO ESD system are summarized at the end. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art in Predicting the Added Resistance of Ship Advancing in Waves LIU Shukui Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 1-24.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.001 Abstract （399）      PDF （2219KB）（880）       Knowledge map    Save Along with the advancement of the International Maritime Organization’s strategy on reducing greenhouse gas emissions, the prediction of added resistance in waves has become a hot issue during the last decade. As a second-order wave force, the mechanism of added resistance in waves is not only related to the characteristics of the ship itself, but also to its operating conditions and marine environment. However, the experimental determination and numerical prediction of the added resistance in waves have remained a challenge due to various technical constraints. This study briefly presents the state-of-the-art of various methods for the prediction of the added resistance in waves by reviewing and commenting the development of various methods, such as experimental methods, potential flow methods, viscous flow methods, semi-empirical methods and data-driven methods. In addition, based on a newly developed semi-empirical formula, a new type of contour diagram of the average added resistance for a ship sailing at various speeds under various sea states is presented to facilitate engineering applications. Finally, the prime concern of the future research is proposed based on thorough discussion. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics