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Review of Offshore Equipment Market in 2024 and Future Prospects ZHANG Hui, JIN Weichen Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 37-45.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.039 Abstract （361）      PDF （2104KB）（5978）       Knowledge map    Save In 2024, the global offshore market witnessed a countertrend rebound with a double-digit surge in order values, indicating a renewed market recovery. Optimistic signals have emerged in the current offshore market. On the demand side, the expectation of international oil prices stabilized around $70 per barrel with minor fluctuations. The emerging nations continue to show great potential in offshore oil and gas exploration. Under the background of offshore oil accelerating towards the deep seas, orders for large-scale high-value oil and gas equipment such as floating production storage and offloading units (FPSOs) and floating liquefied natural gas systems (FLNGs) remain substantial. The rapid growth in demand for the offshore wind market and the imbalance in ship supply among various countries are still intensifying. On the supply side, the supply of the fleet will keep tight, and the production load of shipyards will remain full. Additionally, increasing stringent green and environmental protection requirements in maritime field are accelerating the demand for fleet renewal and the green transitions among offshore shipowners, in order to meet the new specification requirements. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of World Ship and Marine Market in 2024 and Prospect in 2025 ZHOU Yilai, WEI Mei, GAO Jue, ZHU Mingsi Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (01): 11-26.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.232 Abstract （502）      PDF （4110KB）（4309）       Knowledge map    Save In 2024, the world economy maintained relatively stable growth with increasing economic growth differentiation among different economies. Energy prices and transportation costs have increased due to geopolitical conflicts such as the Red Sea, resulting in significant growth in the transportation market led by container ships. Key indicators of the shipbuilding industry remained on an upward trend. In terms of deadweight tonnage, global new ship orders increased by 65% year-on-year, and China’s share of global new ship orders has expanded to 75%. In the new ship orders, vessels utilizing alternative fuels account for 47%, container ships achieved a year-on-year increase of 121% (in terms of TEUs), oil tankers increased by 48.9%, bulk carriers increased by 22%, and Very Large Amonia Carriers (VLACs) increased by 79.3%. The global orderbook increased by 37.62% year-on-year, with a 2% increase for container ships, a 215% increase for oil tankers, and a 56% increase for bulk carriers. The shipbuilding industry is expected to continually grow in 2025, but with a decreased growth rate, and greening will still be the hot topics. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Overview of the Development of Equipment and Technology for Deep-Sea Polymetallic Nodule Mining FEI Long, ZHENG Chengrong, JIN Qiang, PAN Fang Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (06): 1-14.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.06.001 Abstract （550）      PDF （6981KB）（3225）       Knowledge map    Save With the increasing depletion of global land resources, deep-sea polymetallic nodules, as a potential and abundant mineral resource, have attracted widespread international attention. This paper systematically elaborates on the operational process and equipment composition of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining, reviews the progress of domestic and foreign experimental activities in the field of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining, and focuses on sorting out the key equipment and technologies applied or developed globally in aspects such as deep-sea mining platforms, underwater collection systems, mineral lifting systems, and environmental monitoring systems. After analyzing the gap in the development of domestic equipment technology, this paper puts forward targeted suggestions, aiming to promote the development of China’s deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining equipment technology, in order to realize the development and utilization of deep-sea mineral resources. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State of the Art Review of Recent Ship Seakeeping Researches and Some Comments ZHU Renchuan, XU Dekang, WANG Hui, SHI Kaiyuan, ZHAN Ke Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (03): 1-19.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.03.001 Abstract （1392）      PDF （1951KB）（3809）       Knowledge map    Save Seakeeping is one of the most important performance aspects for ship sailing and operating at sea. It is a research field related to the complex physical problems of wave and structure interactions. Seakeeping performance of a ship is influenced by the weather condition, the wave conditions, and the costal and deepwater region characteristics, which is also affected by the geometry, scale, encountered wave angle, speed, loading condition and the inherent natural frequency of the ship. The paper summarizes the recent hydrodynamic methods and development trend, along with some comments on the key developments of seakeeping researches. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Overview of Operational Numerical Forecasting Systems for Polar Sea Ice LIU Na, LIANG Xi, LI Ming, TIAN Zhongxiang, ZHAO Fu, SUN Qizhen, LI Baohui Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 30-39.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.030 Abstract （925）      PDF （4172KB）（2910）       Knowledge map    Save Under the background of global warming and rapid reduction of the Arctic sea ice, polar sea ice forecasting is playing an increasingly important role. Improving the ability of polar sea ice forecasting is an important guarantee for polar ship navigation, polar energy development and protection. In recent years, some countries have developed and established polar sea ice forecasting systems, and the operational forecasting of polar sea ice has advanced substantially. By developing, testing and verifying the numerical solution of sea ice dynamics and thermodynamics, the model predictions are increasingly close to the observed values, so as to achieve the goal of flexible and powerful sea ice simulation and prediction. Aimed at timely and accurate polar sea ice forecasts for Chinese National Arctic/Antarctic Research Expedition and Arctic commercial navigation, the operational polar sea ice forecasting systems in the National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center of China assimilate the satellite-observed near-real-time sea ice concentration, sea ice thickness and sea surface temperature data on a daily basis, with a capacity of coordinated adjustments of relative tracers and momentum at the ice-ocean interface. This paper briefly introduces state-of-the-art operational polar sea ice forecasting systems in the world, and prospects the potential difficulties and problems in developing sea ice numerical forecasting skill in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of Artificial Intelligence Technology Applications in Offshore Wind Turbines KANG Yirou, CHEN Peng, CHENG Zhengshun, HU Zhiqiang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (05): 12-23.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.05.012 Abstract （1154）      PDF （1828KB）（2838）       Knowledge map    Save At present, the offshore wind turbine in China is developing rapidly, and the application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of offshore wind turbine is the current research hotspot. This paper analyzes and summarizes the application of various artificial intelligence technologies in the dynamic response analysis, operation and maintenance monitoring, design, operation and maintenance optimization of offshore wind turbines in multiple directions, involving dynamic response forecasting, power forecasting, structural monitoring, fault diagnosis, control optimization, operation and maintenance optimization. The results show that AI technology can better cope with the challenges in the field of offshore wind turbine design and operation and maintenance. Finally, the application prospects of AI technology in the area of offshore wind turbines and several major constraints currently exist are discussed, and the future development direction is envisioned. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Status and Prospect of Titanium Alloys for Pressure-Resistant Structure of Deep-Sea Manned Equipment ZHANG Aifeng, LI Yanqing, XU Qiang, ZHANG Bowen, QU Ping, CHEN Wei Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (06): 81-91.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.06.007 Abstract （1685）      PDF （2984KB）（1839）       Knowledge map    Save Pressure-resistant structural materials are the foundation for supporting the descent and ascent of marine equipment. Titanium alloys, with their characteristics of lightweight, high strength, and corrosion resistance, have become the preferred materials for pressure-resistant structures in deep-sea manned equipment and show promising prospects for application. This article briefly describes the development history and research progress of typical deep-sea manned equipment such as submarines, submersibles, deep-sea workstations, and underwater laboratories, as well as their pressure-resistant structural materials. The current state of domestic titanium industry development and the research foundation in the titanium alloy material system for marine engineering, titanium alloy pressure-resistant structure manufacturing technology, and design and testing research is introduced. In combination with the technical characteristics of large deep-sea equipment titanium alloy structures, the article analyzes the key scientific and technological issues and application demands for titanium alloys used in pressure-resistant structures, providing a reference for the future development of titanium alloys for pressure-resistant structures in deep-sea manned equipment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Status and Prospect of Airborne Earth Observation in the Polar Regions PANG Xiaoping, JI Qing, CUI Xiangbin, ZHU Lizhong, FAN Pei Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 20-29.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.020 Abstract （606）      PDF （3750KB）（2312）       Knowledge map    Save The polar regions are the key regions to study global climate change, and also sensitive regions involving national rights and interests. Remote sensing technology offers an essential approach to monitor the ecological environment in the polar regions. Airborne remote sensing plays an important role in the Polar remote sensing due to its unique scale advantage. The importance of the polar airborne earth observation for Polar rights and strategic needs in China has been discussed, and the plans and applications of the polar airborne earth observation dominated by foreign countries in recent years are reviewed and summarized. This study attempts to prospect the application of China’s airborne earth observation in the Antarctic and Arctic regions based on the analysis of the current status of China’s polar airborne earth observation and its gap with the international advanced level, aiming at better scientific investigation, recognition and utilization of polar regions for the common interests of mankind. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Key Technologies for Construction of Polar Research Icebreakers CAI Qianya, WANG Shuguang, ZHAO Zhenhua, DING Yun Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 98-109.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.098 Abstract （611）      PDF （7334KB）（2385）       Knowledge map    Save A series of technical problems of “ice-breaking, winterization and scientific research” in the construction process of the “Xue Long 2” are summarized in order to systematically solve the bottleneck of Chinese polar ship construction technology in the future. The key points of the ice-breaking structure construction, the winterization design and the installation of the polar research equipment are reviewed from the construction process of the assembly plant, achieving technical breakthroughs in the construction of the polar research icebreaker. It also proposes the key points of structure construction technology optimization and winterization protection system design, and preliminarily set up the fine construction technology system for the polar research ship lifecycle. The advance research of the construction technology of a heavy icebreaker is also carried out to put forward further research interest. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of Saddle Structure of Type C LNG Fuel Tanks Transversely Arranged in Large Container Ships CHEN Lekun, ZHANG Sihang, HAN Yu Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 63-69.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.063 Abstract （382）      PDF （1542KB）（1166）       Knowledge map    Save Environmental friendly dual-fuel propelled ships are becoming popular for new shipbuilding. In order to maximize the capacity utilization and take into account the scantlings of the container hold, the type C LNG fuel tanks are transversely arranged below the superstructure in the large dual-fuel container ships. Compared with the LNG carrier, the safety of the traditional saddle structure becomes insufficient due to the significant changes of the load acted on the hull. The optimized arrangement plan and structure design of the saddle are proposed in the current study. The strength and fatigue of the saddle and its supporting structure are analyzed by using the finite element method, and compared with those of traditional saddle design. The results show that the optimized saddle structure can significantly improve the stress distribution and increase the fatigue life. It can provide references for the structure design of the saddle for large container ships with type C LNG fuel tanks. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on Future Arctic Shipping Mode LI Yuan Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 7-11.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.007 Abstract （673）      PDF （1307KB）（2029）       Knowledge map    Save The Arctic passages have been the focus of the international community due to its remarkable strategic and economic value. The normalization and scalization of the Arctic shipping becomes possible in the future driven by the combination of climate change, advance of science and technology and gradual improvement of the security system. The current ship types sailing in the Arctic have shown a diversification trend, forming a window period and seasonal shipping mode. The development of the Arctic shipping in the future also faces many challenges and constraints. Moreover, political factors will raise uncertainties to the Arctic passage. This paper prospects and discusses the development and mode of the Arctic shipping in the future, and puts forward the key problems to be solved in the development of the normalization of the shipping in Arctic. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on General Design of Large Aquaculture Ship Using Recirculating Water Technology LI Zhiyu, TONG Bo, SHAO Wuhao Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (06): 20-29.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.06.020 Abstract （436）      PDF （1092KB）（2118）       Knowledge map    Save The aquaculture ship is one of the core equipment for the development of deep sea aquaculture, and the large aquaculture ship using recirculating water technology is one of the main technical route for the development of aquaculture ships in China. With recirculating water aquaculture system as the core, the factory aquaculture technology is adopted to improve the application scope and industrialization level of the aquaculture equipment. In view of the characteristics of this type of ship, a general design idea is proposed based on the development of some 80,000 m³ aquaculture ship, which focuses on the general arrangement, system design, structural design and overall performance analysis by taking the recirculating aquaculture system as the core. The design points of the recirculating aquaculture system, the water intake system, and the aquaculture comprehensive management and control system are discussed to provide references for the subsequent design of this type of ship. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Polar Ship Rule and Its Main Technical Development CAO Jing, WANG Gang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 61-71.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.061 Abstract （949）      PDF （3651KB）（2269）       Knowledge map    Save The characteristics of polar ship rules of China Classification Society have been analyzed by reviewing the current status of international conventions and rules of polar ships. The technical development trend of rules of polar ships is also summarized combining with the national polar strategy and development needs. Aiming at the important key technical issues of the ice-breaking technology, the winterization technology and the sailing safety supporting technology, the ice load technology of ship structure, the structural strength calculation under ice load, the propeller and shafting strength under ice load excitation, the winterization design and low temperature test verification of polar ships, the assessment of the polar operation capability, and the hull monitoring technology for operations in polar regions are introduced. The corresponding development suggestions are proposed to provide technical support for the independent establishment of China’s polar ship rule system in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Polar Route Planning Method Based on Satellite Remote Sensing Data CUI Meng, LYU Cheng, HE Bin, AI Songtao, WU Gang Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (01): 34-45.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.197 Abstract （379）      PDF （4306KB）（1000）       Knowledge map    Save The sea ice imposes hinderance and safety risk to the navigation of ships in polar regions. It has long been a challenge for polar ship navigators to efficiently complete designated navigation tasks while avoiding risks of ship-ice collisions and being trapped in ice. A navigation environment information grid field and neighborhood networks are established based on the sea ice thickness and concentration data obtained through data inversion based on the high-tech approaches such as microwave remote sensing and satellite measurement. An improved heuristic search algorithm is employed to propose an innovative judgment model considering both the ice navigation capability of ships and structural safety risks. A systematic framework has been established for automatic polar route planning. The results show that the current method effectively considers the impact of the sea ice environment and the ice navigation capability of ships on route planning. The achievements can help accelerate the practical iteration of automatic polar route planning technology and have high application values in the scenario deduction and efficiency evaluation of polar equipment navigation missions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on the Status and Development Trend of Satellite Observation Technology for Polar Shipping YU Zhitong, HUANG Yan, HU Luojia, MA Rong, XIAO Peng, CHENG Xiao Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 12-19.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.012 Abstract （631）      PDF （1559KB）（1943）       Knowledge map    Save The polar region is a new frontier for human survival and development, and a commanding height for ecological security, interests and well-being and strategic cooperation between major powers in the future. It faces new needs and challenges in scientific research, search and rescue, and waterway development. Improving the global governance and security capabilities of the polar region and realizing real-time perception, utilization and leading governance of the entire polar region have become the hallmarks of polar powers. Countries and regions such as Europe, the United States and Japan have accelerated the development of three-dimensional monitoring capabilities for polar environmental cognition, but there are still obvious shortcomings in China's polar access and detection capabilities. There is still a lack of first-hand information on relevant ice and sea areas, and there is an urgent need to increase investment in research and development of polar satellite technology and improve the ability to obtain and collect polar data. This study mainly focuses on the actual needs of polar shipping, systematically discusses the current status of polar remote sensing satellite detection technology at home and abroad, and puts forward the development trend of polar space-based observation system in China. It will provide support for demonstrating the capabilities of the new polar satellite equipment system, formulating the top-level framework and development route, promoting China's development and utilization of the polar region, and enhancing the voice and influence in major international affairs in global geopolitically sensitive areas and strategic areas. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Power Grid Architecture of Heavy Icebreakers LU Wei, ZHI Li Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 129-136.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.129 Abstract （370）      PDF （6548KB）（1479）       Knowledge map    Save The development of heavy icebreakers above PC2 class has become an important part of the polar strategy with the growth of the demand of polar exploration research and development in China. A propulsion system with great power and redundancy is a particular feature of heavy icebreakers. It is found that the electric propulsion system has become the development trend through the analysis of the foreign heavy icebreakers using conventional power. The total capacity of its integrated power system is often greater than 50 MW. The output power of the propulsion motor can reach 20 MW with multiple main thrusters, and the single engine power may exceed 10 MW with more than four prime motors. The capacity level of the above-mentioned key devices of the power system is rarely used on existing ships, with insufficient domestic supporting parts. The essential parts of the power system such as the generators, propulsion motors and frequency converters are selected by analyzing the power grid voltage level based on the demand of heavy icebreakers. Combined with the domestic supporting situations, a power grid architecture for the heavy icebreaker is proposed with reference to the existing power grid architecture in foreign countries, in order to facilitate the development of subsequent ships. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on Establishment of China Polar Rescue System HUANG Wei, WU Bin, TANG Qingzhi, LI Yuan Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 40-50.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.040 Abstract （532）      PDF （1485KB）（2068）       Knowledge map    Save The harsh natural environment and special geographical position of the polar regions make the polar activities more dangerous. Frequent sudden accidents also impose higher requirements for the emergency rescue in the polar regions. China has carried out a large number of scientific investigations and commercial shipping in the Antarctic and Arctic, but with weak foundation of polar rescue. By summarizing the current main rescue modes in the polar regions, a preliminary idea of the polar rescue system is proposed, and the organization structure, regulation study, platform construction, environmental survey, communication and navigation, rescue station distribution, equipment development, personnel training and procedure formulation are described. This study will fill the gap in the research of polar rescue system in China, in order to provide references for the establishment of the polar rescue system in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ship Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis Method and Its Engineering Applications TANG Yougang, WANG Liyuan, LIU Zheng, LIU Liqin, LI Yan Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (04): 1-14.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.04.001 Abstract （471）      PDF （1127KB）（1799）       Knowledge map    Save The motion and stability of the ship under the marine environment is a full nonlinear dynamic system. Considering the nonlinear characteristics of ocean environmental loads on the ship and the natural nonlinear response characteristics of the ship motion, there are extensive studies and a series of theoretical and application results. The research methods of the nonlinear motion response and stability of ships based on the theory of nonlinear dynamics are summarized, thus revealing the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the whole process of the ship motion instability, large-scale motion response, and even capsizing. It mainly focuses on the nonlinear analysis methods and main conclusions of the parametric rolling and surf-riding/broaching in regular and irregular waves. The combination of the nonlinear dynamics method and the seakeeping theory in the current study provides a new approach and method for the study of the ship motion and stability. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Development of Ultra-Large Self-Propelled Cutter Suction Dredger “HAO HAI LONG” FEI Long, ZHANG Xiaofeng, SHAN Tiebing Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (06): 10-10.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.06.010 Abstract （698）      PDF （1185KB）（1565）       Knowledge map    Save The ultra-large self-propelled cutter suction dredger not only has the operating capacity of the ultra-strong excavation and the long-distance efficient transportation of the seabed rock, but also has the adaptability to high sea state and the ability of high autonomy. It has become the irreplaceable equipment for major infrastructure constructions, such as port, artificial island and land reclamation, which is the preferred ship type to be developed for large dredging companies. This paper analyzes the development of the international ultra-large self-propelled cutter suction dredger, and reviews the development history of the large cutter suction dredger in China. The operating principle and system composition of the cutter suction dredger are briefly described to analyze the key factors to be considered in the design of the cutter dredger regarding the dredging soil quality, capacity, digging depth, discharge distance and environmental conditions. It comprehensively analyzes the key technologies of the design scheme of the “HAO HAI LONG”, such as the ship type and general arrangement, the cutter drive, the structure design of the bridge, the mud and sand transportation, the flexible steel pile, the full electric drive and the vibration reduction of the accommodation. The technologies of the long-shaft drive with double motor for cutters, the double shell box type bridge structure, the combination of three dredging pumps, the flexible steel pile and the full electric drive are very suitable for the ultra large cutter suction dredger. The design principle of the cutter suction dredger and the design technology of the “HAO HAI LONG” can provide references for the development of the ultra large self-propelled cutter suction dredger. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Submerged Water-Jet Propulsion for Medium and Low Speed Ships CAI Youlin, ZHANG Heng, CHEN Gang, QIU Jitao, JI Guorui, WANG Jianqiang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 92-96.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.092 Abstract （911）      PDF （1144KB）（1646）       Knowledge map    Save Submerged water-jet propulsion is a new development of traditional water-jet propulsion technology. The current study systematically analyzes the propulsion efficiency, the interaction between the hull and the water-jet and the specific speed of the propulsion pump based on the concept of this type of water-jet propulsion. It firstly establishes the mathematical modelling of the specific speed and the advance coefficient of the waterjet-propelled ship that are described by principal parameters of the hull and the propulsion system. The range of the speed and the specific speed of the propulsion pump for the submerged propulsion system has been demonstrated to reveal the mechanism of high efficiency. The variation of the main parameters of the propulsion system with the speed ratio and speed of revolution has been validated through case studies. It can provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of the submerged water-jet propulsion system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and Research of Emergency Shutdown System for Large FPSOs LIU Guozhen Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (05): 113-121.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.05.113 Abstract （347）      PDF （1827KB）（1672）       Knowledge map    Save The overall architecture of the central control system on a 300,000 DWT floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) unit of Petrobras has been taken as the starting point, focusing on the configuration, shutdown logic, main functions and characteristics of its emergency shutdown (ESD) system. According to the safety design rules for the offshore production installation unit of Petrobras, a set of causal logic of safety shutdown system suitable for large FPSO units in the Brazilian sea has been creatively developed on the basis of setting the safety shutdown level and the fire and gas zoning. Combing with the systems of the whole ship and the field production and operation practices, the causes of shutdown should be considered as thoroughly as possible, with clear fire and gas voting logic. The equipment and systems that need to be cut off in the shutdown results at all levels are described one by one, introducing the concept of damper zoning for the first time. The major purpose of the fire and gas shutdown and the emergency shutdown is to minimize the impact of shutdown results on the topside process of the FPSO, and to maximize the safety of personnel and the continuous production. The characteristics of this shutdown method different from the design of traditional FPSO ESD system are summarized at the end. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Engineering Applications of Sea Ice Physical and Mechanical Properties: A Case Study on Unloading Cargos on Ice in the Antarctic WANG Qingkai, LI Zhijun, LU Peng Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 137-142.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.137 Abstract （530）      PDF （1896KB）（1554）       Knowledge map    Save Since 1980s, China has begun to study sea ice in the polar regions, and more accumulation has been made in the natural science of the sea ice than in the relevant engineering application. The engineering properties of the sea ice are of great concern with the increasing value of polar shipping. The physical and mechanical properties are important engineering properties of the sea ice, which determine the rational design and safe operation of the ice engineering. The three-point bending tests under different temperatures are conducted in the low-temperature laboratory to measure the sea ice flexural strength and effective elastic modulus by using the complete ice block that was extracted through the whole ice thickness of the landfast sea ice in the Prydz Bay during the 36th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. The flexural strength and effective elastic modulus are correlated to the sea ice porosity. The lower envelope of the flexural strength and the upper envelope of the effective elastic modulus are used to estimate the bearing capacity of the landfast ice in the Prydz Bay, Antarctica. It can provide a safety guarantee for the unloading on ice in Antarctica. By using the physical properties of the sea ice, the mechanical properties of the sea ice are obtained to design the bearing capacity of the ice layer, which gives a new insight on the ice engineering. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on Propeller Design of Polar Icebreaker DING Ju, WANG Jianqiang, LIU Zhenghao, ZHOU Min, KONG Weiping Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 175-184.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.175 Abstract （973）      PDF （4609KB）（1799）       Knowledge map    Save Propeller is the core component of a ship. The performance of the propeller of an icebreaker is directly related to the speed/power performance, ice-breaking performance, vibration and noise performance and safe navigation performance of the whole ship. The design of the ice class propeller is therefore the key stage during the design of the icebreaker. It is necessary to ensure that the performance of the propeller can meet the design requirements. Different from the conventional propeller that operates in the open waters, the ice class propeller operates in the ice waters. The impact of the ice on the propeller should be considered during the design of the ice class propeller. However, there is little experience of the ice class propeller design in China. The ice class propeller design process (IPDP) has been established based on the analysis of the characteristics of the ice class propeller in the current study. The design results and model test results of the ice class propeller of a PC2 heavy icebreaker are presented. The results show that the design process of the ice class propeller is different from that of the conventional propeller with special focuses on the iterative design of the propeller parameters and hull parameters, due to the heavy load and multi-working conditions of the ice class propeller. It is necessary to verify not only the speed/power performance and vibration performance in the open waters, but also the speed/power performance and propeller strength performance in the ice regions. A detachable fixed pitch propeller is designed for the high ice class propeller to facilitate the repair and replacement of one single blade. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Cruise Ship and Reflections on Its Design and Construction in China MA Wangkou Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 26-40.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.003 Abstract （571）      PDF （4364KB）（1812）       Knowledge map    Save A cruise ship is a typical ship type of high technology, high difficulty, and high added value, which is the carrier and core of the rapid development of the cruise industry in China. However, it is also the only ship type that does not fully possess independent research and development, design, construction, supporting facility and operation capability in China. Firstly, the recent operation market and new shipbuilding industry for the cruise ship at home and abroad are reviewed. The ship type characteristics and the development of the newly-built cruise ships are then summarized. Three potential technologies are subsequently introduced, including methanol powered cruise ships, lightweight design based on lightweight materials and waste heat recovery of main engines based on Organic Rankine Cycle system. Finally, the challenges and countermeasures faced by the development of the design and construction of the cruise ships in China are analyzed and discussed from four aspects, namely independent design, efficient construction and engineering control, independent supporting facility and supply chain construction, and independent operation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Structural Stability of T-Girder in Tanks of FPSO ZHANG Wenbo, QIAO Xiaoguo, HU Haifeng, WANG Jingkai Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (05): 32-37.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.05.032 Abstract （342）      PDF （1362KB）（1195）       Knowledge map    Save T-girder, which is the main load-bearing component of the hull structure of the Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) unit, is the crucial structure in the strength and stability check of the FPSO hull. However, the common rules have no defined stability check schemes for the T-girder in the FPSO hull. The relevant contents are distributed in other regulations, requiring engineers to choose based on their own engineering experience, which is not beneficial for the standardization of the structural design. Furthermore, the regulations in the rules about calculating the Euler stress effective length of the T-girder cannot be directly applied due to the stiffness constraints of the transition brackets and support structures at both ends and back of the T-girder. To solve the above problems, a stability-checking scheme of the T-girder for the FPSO hull is proposed by summarizing the rules of various classification societies. The Euler stress effective length of the T-girder can then be accurately determined by using the finite element model and the built-in monitoring girder method. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Response Path of Mandatory Parameters in Carbon Emission Reduction Policy of International Maritime Organization QU Ziyi, LI Yaxiong, KONG Cunjin, DU Min Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (01): 55-68.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.116 Abstract （436）      PDF （1600KB）（838）       Knowledge map    Save The shipping industry, as a large carbon emitter, has attracted the attention of the international community. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is the maker of carbon emission policies for the shipping industry and has successively issued a series of carbon emission reduction policies. The carbon emission policies of IMO in the last ten years have been reviewed. Based on the 2023 IMO Strategy on Reduction of GHG Emissions from Ships, the main influencing factors of key parameters corresponding to the mandatory measures in the current policies are studied, and typical sample ships are selected to calculate the key parameters, and to analyze the state-of-the-art and main problems of the carbon emissions from ocean-going vessels. The technological paths to address the mandatory parameters in the current shipping carbon emission reduction policies are explored based on the emissions of the shipping industry and the status of various technological paths, according to the Guidelines on Life Cycle GHG Intensity of Marine Fuels. It provides suggestions and references for the path selection and future technological development of the current shipbuilding industry to meet the IMO carbon emission policies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art of Intelligent Ship Research in Japan, Korea, Europe and Its Inspiration to China WEI Mei, PAN Fang, ZHANG Dalei Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (02): 13-21.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.02.013 Abstract （707）      PDF （765KB）（2169）       Knowledge map    Save Intelligent ships are of growing concern in the shipbuilding industry with the development of intelligent technology. With the increasing demands of the shipping industry for environmental protection, safety and economy, major shipbuilding countries in the world, such as China, Japan, South Korea and Europe, have put into the relevant research of intelligent ships. However, each country has different characteristics in the research on the intelligent ship due to the different historical background and state-of-the-art of their respective shipbuilding industry. The state-of-the-art of typical intelligent ship projects in Japan, South Korean and Europe has been investigated to analyze their respective research routes and characteristics from various aspects. It shows that the intelligent ship research in Japan is dominated by the shipping company with the promotion mode from local to overall and the emphasis on the establishment of international standards. In South Korea, it is dominated by shipbuilding enterprises with university-industry cooperation, characterized of outstanding strength on the information industry and developing with degrees of automation. In Europe, it is dominated by enterprises and research institution aiming at unmanned ships by transformation of existing ships. The inspiration on the intelligent ship development in China is finally analyzed based on the investigation of the development of the intelligent ships in Japan, South Korean and Europe. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Requirement Analysis and Research Methods of Maneuverability Design for Icebreaker LIU Xiaojian, LIU Yi, WEI Yuefeng Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 123-134.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.123 Abstract （466）      PDF （1424KB）（1568）       Knowledge map    Save The maneuvering of ships sailing in Polar Regions is much more complex than those in conventional waters, imposing hazards on ships sailing in Polar Regions. However, there are currently few analysis and research on the characteristics and maneuverability design requirements of polar icebreakers. This study introduces the polar environment related to the maneuverability of icebreakers, such as the wind, wave and current, shallow water, narrow waterway, low temperature and low visibility. It also analyzes the classification and ship characteristics of the icebreakers in Russia and other countries, and summarizes the relevant requirements of maneuverability standards for maneuvering devices on ice breakers with pod, multi-propeller and multi-rudder. In order to meet the requirement of maneuverability design, it introduces the maneuverability research methods such as the model test, full-scale test and numerical simulation of ice breakers, and the calculation methods for the ship-ice interaction forces such as the empirical formula method, finite element method and discrete element method. The above analysis and summary can provide references for the maneuverability design of icebreakers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Design Rules for Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers at Home and Abroad WU Jun, WU Gang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 100-106.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.100 Abstract （1110）      PDF （2517KB）（1967）       Knowledge map    Save The applicable rules of nuclear-powered icebreakers at home and abroad are introduced from the design requirements of icebreakers. And the key points of icebreaker design rules are analyzed from polar risks such as low temperature, excessive ice and remote geographical location. Firstly, the definitions of low-temperature environment in different classification society rules have been compared, and the design points of winterization rules are interpreted from the aspects of engine intake, cold protection for liquid tank and escape passage. Secondly, the relevant requirements of the general arrangement are sorted out from the requirements of fire safety, nuclear safety and winterization. The influence of icing on the requirements of intact stability, riding ice stability and damaged stability in rules are also summarized. Finally, the strength check rules of ice class rudder system and ice class propeller are analyzed. The above comparison and analysis of rules can provide references for future design of nuclear-powered icebreakers with practical significance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and Prospects of Inland Waterway Transport Infrastructure and Ship Technology YU Quanhu Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 96-108.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.009 Abstract （1068）      PDF （2154KB）（2309）       Knowledge map    Save China’s transportation industry has entered a new development stage of comprehensive construction of transportation power. And the comparative advantage of the inland waterway transport in the comprehensive transportation system has not yet been fully utilized. The implementation of the new development pattern of “dual circulation” and the “dual carbon” strategy requires innovative development of inland waterway transport and its core elements of ship technology. The development of the inland waterway transport infrastructure and ship technology is prospected by reviewing and summarizing the development status, relevant policy evolution, innovative technology research progress, and typical cases of inland waterway transport, maritime transport and ship technology at home and abroad. The future inland waterway transport infrastructure will be deeply integrated with digital, information, and network technologies, and the shore based control center will be networked as critical facilities and ship energy supply facility. Ships are evolving towards standardization and genealogy of ship types, intelligence, low-manned, green and diversified energy, and mainstreaming of electric propulsion. Ship formation navigation has become an innovative transportation mode. The exploration of the transformation direction of the inland waterway transport infrastructure and ship technology can provide references for the construction of a new generation of inland waterway transport system and the research and development of advanced ship types. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Measures of Carbon Emission Reduction for Ship Products LI Xin, CHU Jianshu Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (03): 28-36.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.03.028 Abstract （534）      PDF （1656KB）（1697）       Knowledge map    Save The rapid increase in carbon emissions from the shipping industry will have a serious impact on the aggravation of the greenhouse effect. All parties in the shipping industry have put forward higher expectations and requirements for ship products to reduce carbon emissions. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has strictly controlled the access of new ships through the survey and certification of the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI). Focusing on the reduction of the EEDI to meet the requirement of the carbon emission reduction in each stage, the EEDI is thoroughly studied by reviewing and analyzing the current measures of ship carbon emission reduction, with emphasis on the concept, method, effectiveness, application, implementation restrictions and future prospects of eleven measures of carbon emission reduction. The analysis shows that various measures have certain effects, but it is difficult for a single measure to achieve the goal of low-carbon or zero-carbon emissions alone. The analysis of the carbon emission reduction measures from the viewpoint of the shipbuilding enterprises can provide references for the academic research and industrial practice of ship products. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive Optimization Design of Shaft System on a 307 000 t VLCC Equipped With Shaft Generator WANG Pengyin, SHEN Huiyu, WANG Haibo, WANG Yuncai, AN Le Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (06): 96-106.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.06.096 Abstract （458）      PDF （1074KB）（1474）       Knowledge map    Save Energy efficiency is the main direction of innovation in today’s shipping industry. In particular, the Ship Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), which came into effect by IMO on January 1, 2013, has pushed energy efficiency innovation to a whole new level. Since the introduction of marine shaft generator in the 1980s, it has been gradually applied to large container ships after successive major changes and innovations. However, there are no application case of shaft generator on a full-scale Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) due to the limitations imposed by many factors such as space and speed. The world’s first VLCC equipped with the shaft generator is optimized with consideration of the influences of the shafting torsional vibration equipment, bearing load distribution, machinery space layout and stern shaft extraction, etc. The shaft system of the VLCC is optimized and designed from three aspects of shafting arrangement, shafting torsional calculation and shafting alignment calculation. A feasible, efficient and forward-looking low-cost optimization design scheme of the shafting is then obtained by adjusting the number, material and diameter of the shafting, and the height of the main engine. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art of Polar Navigation and Ice Exploration Equipment GUO Kun, LU Wei, WANG Xingchuan, WANG Qingxin, ZHANG Qiming, SUN Lei, JIN Biyao Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 143-153.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.143 Abstract （1101）      PDF （3031KB）（2133）       Knowledge map    Save Polar navigation is the guarantee for ships to achieve scientific research and safe navigation in the polar area. At present, there are many studies on the theory of polar navigation in China about the arrangement of Inertial Navigation System (INS), the availability of satellite navigation polar area, multi-sensor integrated navigation, etc. But there are still blanks in the application of polar navigation and ice exploration equipment in the high latitude navigation engineering in the polar area. In order to solve the engineering application problems of the device in the polar region from the system level, the paper combines the theory to analyze the polar environment and ship based in the polar region on the performance of the navigation device, and combines the research status of the ice exploration radar, inertial navigation, satellite navigation, electronic charts, satellite communication and other devices in the polar region, studies the working process of the design of the ice navigation device, and discusses the direction of future research and development of the navigation device in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review and Prospect of Offshore Engineering Equipment Industry Development in China LI Xiaoping Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (05): 1-11.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.05.001 Abstract （1028）      PDF （3026KB）（2102）       Knowledge map    Save The offshore engineering equipment is a highly integrated strategic emerging industry that forms the basis for the development and utilization of ocean resources. The development of Chinese offshore engineering equipment industry is reviewed to analyze the global innovation pattern of the offshore engineering equipment industry. It is pointed out that the Chinese offshore engineering equipment industry should seize the “time window” of a new round of technological innovation and acceleration of structural adjustment, and break through the original and leading core technologies of the offshore equipment. Focusing on the equipment for exploitation of marine oil and gas resources, marine biological resources, deep-sea mineral resources and marine renewable energy, it addresses efforts should be made to break through the bottleneck issues of general design, system integration, key systems and equipment. The independent and complete offshore engineering equipment technology and product system are promoted to improve the high-quality development of Chinese offshore engineering equipment industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research Progress on Deep-Sea Mining Plume Analysis and Environmental Impact Assessment CHEN Zekun, WANG Xueming, XIA Jianxin Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (06): 110-120.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.06.010 Abstract （680）      PDF （1450KB）（898）       Knowledge map    Save Deep-sea mining may have adverse effects on the environment. It is of increasing concern in the formulation of development regulations, especially the plume flow caused by mining, whose environmental impact threshold may overturn the existing mining processes. The current research methods for deep-sea mining plumes mainly include indoor experiments, model calculations, and on-site monitoring. The spatial scale differences between experiments and analytical calculations are significant, and the monitoring range and time are limited. The reliability and accuracy of the results still need to be analyzed. The existing experimental results are compared with numerical simulations and monitoring data. The plume migration and diffusion are analyzed from the model principles, calculation boundary conditions and sediment characteristics, and the environment impact threshold is discussed. It can provide references for the subsequent analysis of the deep-sea mining plume. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Present Situation and Development Trend of Marine Scientific Research at Home and Abroad YANG Jinkun, KONG Min, YANG Yang, GENG Shanshan, DONG Mingmei Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (06): 15-28.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.06.002 Abstract （680）      PDF （2107KB）（863）       Knowledge map    Save Marine scientific research uses marine scientific research equipment to obtain ocean data, collect and analyze it, and obtain ocean physical, chemical, biological and geological characteristics, which is an important way for humans to understand the ocean. The article combs the main scientific research history, current situation and changing characteristics at home and abroad since the formation of modern marine science, and discusses the goals, characteristics, results and impact of marine scientific research at different stages on the development of marine science. A summary is made regarding the current status of the development of marine scientific research equipment, focusing on describing the development history and current situation of domestic and foreign marine scientific research vessels, marine observation platforms and survey equipment; the development trends of marine scientific research are discussed and analyzed from the aspects of scientific research equipment, scientific research forms, scientific research characteristics, etc. The current challenges of domestic marine scientific research are put forward, and finally relevant suggestions are put forward for the high-quality development of marine scientific research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Underwater Vehicle Autonomous Manipulation—Opportunities, Advances and Challenges XU Minghao, SIMA Can, ZHU Zhong, NI Tian, WU Haibo, GUO Jia, WU Yu Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (06): 60-80.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.06.006 Abstract （716）      PDF （4632KB）（933）       Knowledge map    Save Since the 21st century, human exploration of marine resources deepens, the increasingly sophisticated manipulation tasks in unstructured underwater environment put forward higher requirements and challenges for submersibles' operational capability. Interacting with the surroundings with robotic arm is a very important manifestation of such capability. However, autonomous underwater manipulation at this stage is yet in its infancy and various underwater intervention missions still rely highly on manual control, which is very likely to lead to inefficiency in continuous operation. Hence, improving the autonomy in underwater vehicle’s manipulation ability is an inevitable trend of marine equipment in the future. Overviews and existing problems of underwater manipulation are introduced in detail in this paper, and the enormous potential of autonomous underwater manipulation in ocean engineering and other fields is illustrated by comparing the limitations of traditional remotely controlled approaches. The current status of autonomous underwater manipulation is systematically reviewed and main limiting factors and challenges that constrain the development of this domain are analyzed, and the key technologies need to be developed towards industry application are pointed out. Finally, prospects for further development of this area in the future are made. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Technology Development Trends of LNG Carrier LOU Danping, YANG Chunhua Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 19-27.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.019 Abstract （1350）      PDF （2990KB）（1722）       Knowledge map    Save The market demand for liquefied natural gas（LNG）carriers continuous to be booming with the rapid growth of the global LNG trading and the high concern of the shipping industry on the carbon reduction technology. This paper introduces the development of the LNG ship types, liquid cargo containment system, liquid cargo handling system, propulsion system, energy-saving and emission-reduction technology, intelligence technology application and independent localization of the supporting technologies. Several important development directions and trends of the key technologies of the LNG carrier are pointed out to provide clear guidance for independent and controllable key technologies of China's LNG carrier. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Engineering Development of Large Deep Sea Multi-Purpose Comprehensive Rescue Vessel ZHOU Guoping Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (06): 1-9.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.06.001 Abstract （702）      PDF （850KB）（1558）       Knowledge map    Save Large deep sea multi-purpose comprehensive rescue vessels provide the rescue security of the personnel and property for the development of deep-water oil and gas resources in the South China Sea, the sea-going transportation of the international shipping routes, the marine fishery production, the production and living in many islands and economic waters and etc. This paper briefly introduces the usage and main function settings of the ship, and the engineering development and design research of the principal dimension demonstration and the overall performance analysis. It also introduces the basic design of the engineering development for the target ship type. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of Sea Ice Engineering Research in China YUE Qianjin, WANG Guojun, DONG Rui, HUANG Yating, WU Kuankuan, ZHANG Dayong Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 51-60.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.051 Abstract （937）      PDF （1217KB）（1514）       Knowledge map    Save In the late 1960s, mass of oil and gas resources were discovered in the frozen Bohai Sea area of China, which promoted the research of sea ice. The large-scale sea ice survey, the growth and movement of the sea ice, the physical and mechanical behavior of the sea ice, the ice load, the design of the ice resistance structure, and the management of the sea ice are studied successively. And all-round international cooperation and exchange are also carried out. China’s research results of the sea ice not only guarantee the construction and operation of the oil and gas development in Bohai Sea, but also are applied to the development and construction of offshore wind farm infrastructure in the ice regions of Huanghai and Bohai Sea. The history of China’s sea ice research is also reviewed from the viewpoint of the marine resources development of the ice regions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics