Most Download articles

Published in last 1 year | In last 2 years| In last 3 years| All| Most Downloaded in Recent Month| Most Downloaded in Recent Year|

Most Downloaded in Recent Month

Please wait a minute...


For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Overview of the Development of Equipment and Technology for Deep-Sea Polymetallic Nodule Mining FEI Long, ZHENG Chengrong, JIN Qiang, PAN Fang Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (06): 1-14.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.06.001 Abstract （550）      PDF （6981KB）（3209）       Knowledge map    Save With the increasing depletion of global land resources, deep-sea polymetallic nodules, as a potential and abundant mineral resource, have attracted widespread international attention. This paper systematically elaborates on the operational process and equipment composition of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining, reviews the progress of domestic and foreign experimental activities in the field of deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining, and focuses on sorting out the key equipment and technologies applied or developed globally in aspects such as deep-sea mining platforms, underwater collection systems, mineral lifting systems, and environmental monitoring systems. After analyzing the gap in the development of domestic equipment technology, this paper puts forward targeted suggestions, aiming to promote the development of China’s deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining equipment technology, in order to realize the development and utilization of deep-sea mineral resources. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Overview of Operational Numerical Forecasting Systems for Polar Sea Ice LIU Na, LIANG Xi, LI Ming, TIAN Zhongxiang, ZHAO Fu, SUN Qizhen, LI Baohui Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 30-39.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.030 Abstract （923）      PDF （4172KB）（2903）       Knowledge map    Save Under the background of global warming and rapid reduction of the Arctic sea ice, polar sea ice forecasting is playing an increasingly important role. Improving the ability of polar sea ice forecasting is an important guarantee for polar ship navigation, polar energy development and protection. In recent years, some countries have developed and established polar sea ice forecasting systems, and the operational forecasting of polar sea ice has advanced substantially. By developing, testing and verifying the numerical solution of sea ice dynamics and thermodynamics, the model predictions are increasingly close to the observed values, so as to achieve the goal of flexible and powerful sea ice simulation and prediction. Aimed at timely and accurate polar sea ice forecasts for Chinese National Arctic/Antarctic Research Expedition and Arctic commercial navigation, the operational polar sea ice forecasting systems in the National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center of China assimilate the satellite-observed near-real-time sea ice concentration, sea ice thickness and sea surface temperature data on a daily basis, with a capacity of coordinated adjustments of relative tracers and momentum at the ice-ocean interface. This paper briefly introduces state-of-the-art operational polar sea ice forecasting systems in the world, and prospects the potential difficulties and problems in developing sea ice numerical forecasting skill in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Discussion on Propeller Design of Polar Icebreaker DING Ju, WANG Jianqiang, LIU Zhenghao, ZHOU Min, KONG Weiping Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 175-184.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.175 Abstract （971）      PDF （4609KB）（1786）       Knowledge map    Save Propeller is the core component of a ship. The performance of the propeller of an icebreaker is directly related to the speed/power performance, ice-breaking performance, vibration and noise performance and safe navigation performance of the whole ship. The design of the ice class propeller is therefore the key stage during the design of the icebreaker. It is necessary to ensure that the performance of the propeller can meet the design requirements. Different from the conventional propeller that operates in the open waters, the ice class propeller operates in the ice waters. The impact of the ice on the propeller should be considered during the design of the ice class propeller. However, there is little experience of the ice class propeller design in China. The ice class propeller design process (IPDP) has been established based on the analysis of the characteristics of the ice class propeller in the current study. The design results and model test results of the ice class propeller of a PC2 heavy icebreaker are presented. The results show that the design process of the ice class propeller is different from that of the conventional propeller with special focuses on the iterative design of the propeller parameters and hull parameters, due to the heavy load and multi-working conditions of the ice class propeller. It is necessary to verify not only the speed/power performance and vibration performance in the open waters, but also the speed/power performance and propeller strength performance in the ice regions. A detachable fixed pitch propeller is designed for the high ice class propeller to facilitate the repair and replacement of one single blade. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Application Status and Prospect of Titanium Alloys for Pressure-Resistant Structure of Deep-Sea Manned Equipment ZHANG Aifeng, LI Yanqing, XU Qiang, ZHANG Bowen, QU Ping, CHEN Wei Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (06): 81-91.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.06.007 Abstract （1684）      PDF （2984KB）（1835）       Knowledge map    Save Pressure-resistant structural materials are the foundation for supporting the descent and ascent of marine equipment. Titanium alloys, with their characteristics of lightweight, high strength, and corrosion resistance, have become the preferred materials for pressure-resistant structures in deep-sea manned equipment and show promising prospects for application. This article briefly describes the development history and research progress of typical deep-sea manned equipment such as submarines, submersibles, deep-sea workstations, and underwater laboratories, as well as their pressure-resistant structural materials. The current state of domestic titanium industry development and the research foundation in the titanium alloy material system for marine engineering, titanium alloy pressure-resistant structure manufacturing technology, and design and testing research is introduced. In combination with the technical characteristics of large deep-sea equipment titanium alloy structures, the article analyzes the key scientific and technological issues and application demands for titanium alloys used in pressure-resistant structures, providing a reference for the future development of titanium alloys for pressure-resistant structures in deep-sea manned equipment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Review of World Ship and Marine Market in 2024 and Prospect in 2025 ZHOU Yilai, WEI Mei, GAO Jue, ZHU Mingsi Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (01): 11-26.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.232 Abstract （499）      PDF （4110KB）（4299）       Knowledge map    Save In 2024, the world economy maintained relatively stable growth with increasing economic growth differentiation among different economies. Energy prices and transportation costs have increased due to geopolitical conflicts such as the Red Sea, resulting in significant growth in the transportation market led by container ships. Key indicators of the shipbuilding industry remained on an upward trend. In terms of deadweight tonnage, global new ship orders increased by 65% year-on-year, and China’s share of global new ship orders has expanded to 75%. In the new ship orders, vessels utilizing alternative fuels account for 47%, container ships achieved a year-on-year increase of 121% (in terms of TEUs), oil tankers increased by 48.9%, bulk carriers increased by 22%, and Very Large Amonia Carriers (VLACs) increased by 79.3%. The global orderbook increased by 37.62% year-on-year, with a 2% increase for container ships, a 215% increase for oil tankers, and a 56% increase for bulk carriers. The shipbuilding industry is expected to continually grow in 2025, but with a decreased growth rate, and greening will still be the hot topics. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Economic Analysis of Commercial Exploitation of Deep-Sea Polymetallic Nodules PAN Fang, JIN Qiang, ZHENG Chengrong Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (06): 136-143.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.06.013 Abstract （390）      PDF （1786KB）（612）       Knowledge map    Save As a pioneering field in marine resource development, deep-sea mining is progressively advancing from theoretical investigation into a stage of commercial exploitation. This study focuses on the economic analysis of commercial mining of deep-sea polymetallic nodules, and summarizes key components and methodologies for economic evaluations. A comprehensive and practical economic analysis framework has been established. Two representative international deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining projects have been selected for economic assessment and comparative analysis using the aforementioned framework. Through sensitivity analysis, the potential impacts of uncertainty factors on project economic benefits are evaluated, providing decision-makers with scientifically grounded support for investment decisions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Polar Route Planning Method Based on Satellite Remote Sensing Data CUI Meng, LYU Cheng, HE Bin, AI Songtao, WU Gang Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (01): 34-45.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.197 Abstract （378）      PDF （4306KB）（997）       Knowledge map    Save The sea ice imposes hinderance and safety risk to the navigation of ships in polar regions. It has long been a challenge for polar ship navigators to efficiently complete designated navigation tasks while avoiding risks of ship-ice collisions and being trapped in ice. A navigation environment information grid field and neighborhood networks are established based on the sea ice thickness and concentration data obtained through data inversion based on the high-tech approaches such as microwave remote sensing and satellite measurement. An improved heuristic search algorithm is employed to propose an innovative judgment model considering both the ice navigation capability of ships and structural safety risks. A systematic framework has been established for automatic polar route planning. The results show that the current method effectively considers the impact of the sea ice environment and the ice navigation capability of ships on route planning. The achievements can help accelerate the practical iteration of automatic polar route planning technology and have high application values in the scenario deduction and efficiency evaluation of polar equipment navigation missions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Review of Artificial Intelligence Technology Applications in Offshore Wind Turbines KANG Yirou, CHEN Peng, CHENG Zhengshun, HU Zhiqiang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (05): 12-23.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.05.012 Abstract （1152）      PDF （1828KB）（2824）       Knowledge map    Save At present, the offshore wind turbine in China is developing rapidly, and the application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of offshore wind turbine is the current research hotspot. This paper analyzes and summarizes the application of various artificial intelligence technologies in the dynamic response analysis, operation and maintenance monitoring, design, operation and maintenance optimization of offshore wind turbines in multiple directions, involving dynamic response forecasting, power forecasting, structural monitoring, fault diagnosis, control optimization, operation and maintenance optimization. The results show that AI technology can better cope with the challenges in the field of offshore wind turbine design and operation and maintenance. Finally, the application prospects of AI technology in the area of offshore wind turbines and several major constraints currently exist are discussed, and the future development direction is envisioned. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Development of Cruise Ship and Reflections on Its Design and Construction in China MA Wangkou Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 26-40.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.003 Abstract （570）      PDF （4364KB）（1793）       Knowledge map    Save A cruise ship is a typical ship type of high technology, high difficulty, and high added value, which is the carrier and core of the rapid development of the cruise industry in China. However, it is also the only ship type that does not fully possess independent research and development, design, construction, supporting facility and operation capability in China. Firstly, the recent operation market and new shipbuilding industry for the cruise ship at home and abroad are reviewed. The ship type characteristics and the development of the newly-built cruise ships are then summarized. Three potential technologies are subsequently introduced, including methanol powered cruise ships, lightweight design based on lightweight materials and waste heat recovery of main engines based on Organic Rankine Cycle system. Finally, the challenges and countermeasures faced by the development of the design and construction of the cruise ships in China are analyzed and discussed from four aspects, namely independent design, efficient construction and engineering control, independent supporting facility and supply chain construction, and independent operation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Key Technologies for Construction of Polar Research Icebreakers CAI Qianya, WANG Shuguang, ZHAO Zhenhua, DING Yun Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 98-109.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.098 Abstract （611）      PDF （7334KB）（2380）       Knowledge map    Save A series of technical problems of “ice-breaking, winterization and scientific research” in the construction process of the “Xue Long 2” are summarized in order to systematically solve the bottleneck of Chinese polar ship construction technology in the future. The key points of the ice-breaking structure construction, the winterization design and the installation of the polar research equipment are reviewed from the construction process of the assembly plant, achieving technical breakthroughs in the construction of the polar research icebreaker. It also proposes the key points of structure construction technology optimization and winterization protection system design, and preliminarily set up the fine construction technology system for the polar research ship lifecycle. The advance research of the construction technology of a heavy icebreaker is also carried out to put forward further research interest. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Technology Development Trends of LNG Carrier LOU Danping, YANG Chunhua Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 19-27.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.019 Abstract （1348）      PDF （2990KB）（1720）       Knowledge map    Save The market demand for liquefied natural gas（LNG）carriers continuous to be booming with the rapid growth of the global LNG trading and the high concern of the shipping industry on the carbon reduction technology. This paper introduces the development of the LNG ship types, liquid cargo containment system, liquid cargo handling system, propulsion system, energy-saving and emission-reduction technology, intelligence technology application and independent localization of the supporting technologies. Several important development directions and trends of the key technologies of the LNG carrier are pointed out to provide clear guidance for independent and controllable key technologies of China's LNG carrier. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Progress in Techniques of Hydroelastic Experiment for Segmented Keel Beam Models YE Yusong, JIANG Jijiang, ZHANG Shiyuan, FU Shixiao, WU Shaobo Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (04): 11-20.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.04.002 Abstract （361）      PDF （2490KB）（492）       Knowledge map    Save Hydroelastic experiment is an important method to investigate the hydroelastic response of ships. The state-of-the-art of the hydroelastic experiment of ships at home and abroad has been summarized, with focuses on the widely used segmented keel beam model, including the structural design, hydrodynamic module design, loading types and experimental result measurement. The applicability of different segmented keel beam models is then analyzed. The key technologies of the segmented keel beam model in the experimental design stage are summarized to provide the design indicators for the main contents based on the team experience, in order to provide references for the design of the hydroelastic experiment for ships. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research of Collection Path for Commercial Exploitation of Deep-Sea Polymetallic Nodules PAN Fang Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (06): 37-46.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.06.004 Abstract （264）      PDF （2613KB）（299）       Knowledge map    Save With the acceleration of commercial exploitation of deep-sea minerals, previous research on single collector sea trials is no longer able to meet new requirements, and there is an urgent need to carry out relevant planning and research for overall linkage mining mode. This article aims at the need to develop China’s capabilities for safe and efficient commercial exploitation of deep-sea minerals. It systematically outlines the scale, planning principles, and linkage control requirements of commercial exploitation of deep-sea polymetallic nodules. Four collaborative collection path schemes with multiple collectors are designed, and through comparative analysis, more efficient schemes are selected. Finally, suggestions for the development of deep-sea mining vessels are summarized. The research results can provide ideas for China's subsequent in-situ sea trials and commercial exploitation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Development of the Deep-Sea Green Intelligent Technology Test Vessel “WEI LAI” ZHOU Weixin, HU Qiong, LIU Jiarui, LIU Yang, GUO Ang, DIAO Feng, XU Kaiwei Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (06): 1-14.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.151 Abstract （67）      PDF （9765KB）（107）       Knowledge map    Save The deep-sea green intelligent technology test vessel “WEI LAI” is designed primarily for tasks including the pilot testing of green intelligent technologies, surface support for deep-sea equipment, and comprehensive marine scientific surveys. It features a rational overall layout, strong retrofitting and reconfiguration capability, flexible equipment integration, excellent maneuverability, a high degree of intelligence, and powerful testing capabilities. It serves as a crucial cornerstone for supporting the intelligent upgrading and green development of key systems and equipment and for promoting the transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. This paper briefly describes the functional orientation of the "WEI LAI" vessel and analyzes its design requirements from the aspects of functional diversification, whole-vessel modularization, and system intelligence. It then presents the overall schemes for the ship type and general arrangement, modular retrofitting design, and key systems, including the power redundancy and hybrid propulsion system, intelligent information system, integrated platform for intelligent and dynamic testing, power system sea trial verification platform, dynamic testing system, and test collaborative control system. This paper can provide references for the development of special test vessels for marine equipment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Discussion on Establishment of China Polar Rescue System HUANG Wei, WU Bin, TANG Qingzhi, LI Yuan Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 40-50.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.040 Abstract （530）      PDF （1485KB）（2067）       Knowledge map    Save The harsh natural environment and special geographical position of the polar regions make the polar activities more dangerous. Frequent sudden accidents also impose higher requirements for the emergency rescue in the polar regions. China has carried out a large number of scientific investigations and commercial shipping in the Antarctic and Arctic, but with weak foundation of polar rescue. By summarizing the current main rescue modes in the polar regions, a preliminary idea of the polar rescue system is proposed, and the organization structure, regulation study, platform construction, environmental survey, communication and navigation, rescue station distribution, equipment development, personnel training and procedure formulation are described. This study will fill the gap in the research of polar rescue system in China, in order to provide references for the establishment of the polar rescue system in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

On Ship Roll Stabilization Based on Gyrostabilizer LIU Yi, XIA Zhaodan, TANG Yamin, ZHANG Jiejie, FAN Sheming Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (04): 124-131.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.04.124 Abstract （840）      PDF （739KB）（1575）       Knowledge map    Save Stabilizing systems are necessary for the ship in wind and waves to ensure stable operations and improve the safety and comfort of the crew.As an effective stabilizer, gyrostabilizer acts entirely within the hull without requiring sufficient movable weight to generate a control moment. The nonlinear wave force disturbance model of the ship in random waves is firstly established. The combined dynamic model of the ship and the gyrostabilizer is then built together with the working principle of the gyrostabilizer. The corresponding MATLAB Simulink block diagramsof the ship motion control are constructed for two kinds of gyrostabilizer models, i.e., the natural-driven gyrostabilizer model and the controller-driven gyrostabilizer model. The results show that both the natural-driven and controller-driven gyrostabilizer are able to reduce the rolling motion through the gyroscopic effect of high-speed spinning and precession angel variation. The controller-driven gyrostabilizer can reduce the nonlinear rolling motion of the ship more effectively than the natural-driven gyrostabilizer. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

On Design Rules for Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers at Home and Abroad WU Jun, WU Gang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 100-106.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.100 Abstract （1109）      PDF （2517KB）（1962）       Knowledge map    Save The applicable rules of nuclear-powered icebreakers at home and abroad are introduced from the design requirements of icebreakers. And the key points of icebreaker design rules are analyzed from polar risks such as low temperature, excessive ice and remote geographical location. Firstly, the definitions of low-temperature environment in different classification society rules have been compared, and the design points of winterization rules are interpreted from the aspects of engine intake, cold protection for liquid tank and escape passage. Secondly, the relevant requirements of the general arrangement are sorted out from the requirements of fire safety, nuclear safety and winterization. The influence of icing on the requirements of intact stability, riding ice stability and damaged stability in rules are also summarized. Finally, the strength check rules of ice class rudder system and ice class propeller are analyzed. The above comparison and analysis of rules can provide references for future design of nuclear-powered icebreakers with practical significance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

State of the Art Review of Recent Ship Seakeeping Researches and Some Comments ZHU Renchuan, XU Dekang, WANG Hui, SHI Kaiyuan, ZHAN Ke Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (03): 1-19.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.03.001 Abstract （1391）      PDF （1951KB）（3807）       Knowledge map    Save Seakeeping is one of the most important performance aspects for ship sailing and operating at sea. It is a research field related to the complex physical problems of wave and structure interactions. Seakeeping performance of a ship is influenced by the weather condition, the wave conditions, and the costal and deepwater region characteristics, which is also affected by the geometry, scale, encountered wave angle, speed, loading condition and the inherent natural frequency of the ship. The paper summarizes the recent hydrodynamic methods and development trend, along with some comments on the key developments of seakeeping researches. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Review of Offshore Equipment Market in 2024 and Future Prospects ZHANG Hui, JIN Weichen Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 37-45.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.039 Abstract （359）      PDF （2104KB）（5970）       Knowledge map    Save In 2024, the global offshore market witnessed a countertrend rebound with a double-digit surge in order values, indicating a renewed market recovery. Optimistic signals have emerged in the current offshore market. On the demand side, the expectation of international oil prices stabilized around $70 per barrel with minor fluctuations. The emerging nations continue to show great potential in offshore oil and gas exploration. Under the background of offshore oil accelerating towards the deep seas, orders for large-scale high-value oil and gas equipment such as floating production storage and offloading units (FPSOs) and floating liquefied natural gas systems (FLNGs) remain substantial. The rapid growth in demand for the offshore wind market and the imbalance in ship supply among various countries are still intensifying. On the supply side, the supply of the fleet will keep tight, and the production load of shipyards will remain full. Additionally, increasing stringent green and environmental protection requirements in maritime field are accelerating the demand for fleet renewal and the green transitions among offshore shipowners, in order to meet the new specification requirements. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Structural Stability of T-Girder in Tanks of FPSO ZHANG Wenbo, QIAO Xiaoguo, HU Haifeng, WANG Jingkai Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (05): 32-37.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.05.032 Abstract （340）      PDF （1362KB）（1183）       Knowledge map    Save T-girder, which is the main load-bearing component of the hull structure of the Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) unit, is the crucial structure in the strength and stability check of the FPSO hull. However, the common rules have no defined stability check schemes for the T-girder in the FPSO hull. The relevant contents are distributed in other regulations, requiring engineers to choose based on their own engineering experience, which is not beneficial for the standardization of the structural design. Furthermore, the regulations in the rules about calculating the Euler stress effective length of the T-girder cannot be directly applied due to the stiffness constraints of the transition brackets and support structures at both ends and back of the T-girder. To solve the above problems, a stability-checking scheme of the T-girder for the FPSO hull is proposed by summarizing the rules of various classification societies. The Euler stress effective length of the T-girder can then be accurately determined by using the finite element model and the built-in monitoring girder method. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Current Status and Prospect of Airborne Earth Observation in the Polar Regions PANG Xiaoping, JI Qing, CUI Xiangbin, ZHU Lizhong, FAN Pei Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 20-29.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.020 Abstract （605）      PDF （3750KB）（2312）       Knowledge map    Save The polar regions are the key regions to study global climate change, and also sensitive regions involving national rights and interests. Remote sensing technology offers an essential approach to monitor the ecological environment in the polar regions. Airborne remote sensing plays an important role in the Polar remote sensing due to its unique scale advantage. The importance of the polar airborne earth observation for Polar rights and strategic needs in China has been discussed, and the plans and applications of the polar airborne earth observation dominated by foreign countries in recent years are reviewed and summarized. This study attempts to prospect the application of China’s airborne earth observation in the Antarctic and Arctic regions based on the analysis of the current status of China’s polar airborne earth observation and its gap with the international advanced level, aiming at better scientific investigation, recognition and utilization of polar regions for the common interests of mankind. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

State-of-the-Art of Intelligent Ship Research in Japan, Korea, Europe and Its Inspiration to China WEI Mei, PAN Fang, ZHANG Dalei Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (02): 13-21.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.02.013 Abstract （707）      PDF （765KB）（2168）       Knowledge map    Save Intelligent ships are of growing concern in the shipbuilding industry with the development of intelligent technology. With the increasing demands of the shipping industry for environmental protection, safety and economy, major shipbuilding countries in the world, such as China, Japan, South Korea and Europe, have put into the relevant research of intelligent ships. However, each country has different characteristics in the research on the intelligent ship due to the different historical background and state-of-the-art of their respective shipbuilding industry. The state-of-the-art of typical intelligent ship projects in Japan, South Korean and Europe has been investigated to analyze their respective research routes and characteristics from various aspects. It shows that the intelligent ship research in Japan is dominated by the shipping company with the promotion mode from local to overall and the emphasis on the establishment of international standards. In South Korea, it is dominated by shipbuilding enterprises with university-industry cooperation, characterized of outstanding strength on the information industry and developing with degrees of automation. In Europe, it is dominated by enterprises and research institution aiming at unmanned ships by transformation of existing ships. The inspiration on the intelligent ship development in China is finally analyzed based on the investigation of the development of the intelligent ships in Japan, South Korean and Europe. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Discussion on General Design of Large Aquaculture Ship Using Recirculating Water Technology LI Zhiyu, TONG Bo, SHAO Wuhao Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (06): 20-29.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.06.020 Abstract （434）      PDF （1092KB）（2113）       Knowledge map    Save The aquaculture ship is one of the core equipment for the development of deep sea aquaculture, and the large aquaculture ship using recirculating water technology is one of the main technical route for the development of aquaculture ships in China. With recirculating water aquaculture system as the core, the factory aquaculture technology is adopted to improve the application scope and industrialization level of the aquaculture equipment. In view of the characteristics of this type of ship, a general design idea is proposed based on the development of some 80,000 m³ aquaculture ship, which focuses on the general arrangement, system design, structural design and overall performance analysis by taking the recirculating aquaculture system as the core. The design points of the recirculating aquaculture system, the water intake system, and the aquaculture comprehensive management and control system are discussed to provide references for the subsequent design of this type of ship. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Discussion on Future Arctic Shipping Mode LI Yuan Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 7-11.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.007 Abstract （672）      PDF （1307KB）（2028）       Knowledge map    Save The Arctic passages have been the focus of the international community due to its remarkable strategic and economic value. The normalization and scalization of the Arctic shipping becomes possible in the future driven by the combination of climate change, advance of science and technology and gradual improvement of the security system. The current ship types sailing in the Arctic have shown a diversification trend, forming a window period and seasonal shipping mode. The development of the Arctic shipping in the future also faces many challenges and constraints. Moreover, political factors will raise uncertainties to the Arctic passage. This paper prospects and discusses the development and mode of the Arctic shipping in the future, and puts forward the key problems to be solved in the development of the normalization of the shipping in Arctic. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Polar Ship Rule and Its Main Technical Development CAO Jing, WANG Gang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 61-71.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.061 Abstract （948）      PDF （3651KB）（2263）       Knowledge map    Save The characteristics of polar ship rules of China Classification Society have been analyzed by reviewing the current status of international conventions and rules of polar ships. The technical development trend of rules of polar ships is also summarized combining with the national polar strategy and development needs. Aiming at the important key technical issues of the ice-breaking technology, the winterization technology and the sailing safety supporting technology, the ice load technology of ship structure, the structural strength calculation under ice load, the propeller and shafting strength under ice load excitation, the winterization design and low temperature test verification of polar ships, the assessment of the polar operation capability, and the hull monitoring technology for operations in polar regions are introduced. The corresponding development suggestions are proposed to provide technical support for the independent establishment of China’s polar ship rule system in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

On Development of Ultra-Large Self-Propelled Cutter Suction Dredger “HAO HAI LONG” FEI Long, ZHANG Xiaofeng, SHAN Tiebing Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (06): 10-10.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.06.010 Abstract （698）      PDF （1185KB）（1561）       Knowledge map    Save The ultra-large self-propelled cutter suction dredger not only has the operating capacity of the ultra-strong excavation and the long-distance efficient transportation of the seabed rock, but also has the adaptability to high sea state and the ability of high autonomy. It has become the irreplaceable equipment for major infrastructure constructions, such as port, artificial island and land reclamation, which is the preferred ship type to be developed for large dredging companies. This paper analyzes the development of the international ultra-large self-propelled cutter suction dredger, and reviews the development history of the large cutter suction dredger in China. The operating principle and system composition of the cutter suction dredger are briefly described to analyze the key factors to be considered in the design of the cutter dredger regarding the dredging soil quality, capacity, digging depth, discharge distance and environmental conditions. It comprehensively analyzes the key technologies of the design scheme of the “HAO HAI LONG”, such as the ship type and general arrangement, the cutter drive, the structure design of the bridge, the mud and sand transportation, the flexible steel pile, the full electric drive and the vibration reduction of the accommodation. The technologies of the long-shaft drive with double motor for cutters, the double shell box type bridge structure, the combination of three dredging pumps, the flexible steel pile and the full electric drive are very suitable for the ultra large cutter suction dredger. The design principle of the cutter suction dredger and the design technology of the “HAO HAI LONG” can provide references for the development of the ultra large self-propelled cutter suction dredger. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Review of World Shipping Market in 2023 and Prospect in 2024 WEI Mei, ZHOU Yilai, GAO Jue, WANG Yingyi, PAN Fang Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 1-18.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.001 Abstract （910）      PDF （4676KB）（1761）       Knowledge map    Save In 2023, the global economic growth rate slowed down from 3.5% in 2022 to 3.1%, but showing significant resilience with accelerating global economic growth differentiation among different economies. With the relaxation of global epidemic control and the increase of geopolitical conflicts, the commodity trade has been disturbed, and the seaborne trade is expected to grow by 2.4% in 2023. The market fundamentals of the shipbuilding industry are stable and positive. The key market indicators maintain growth with a year-on-year increase of 25% in new ship orders and a 12% increase in completed deliveries in terms of deadweight tonnage. Among them, new orders for oil tankers increased by 356.6% year-on-year, and new orders for bulk carriers increased by 33% year-on-year, but container ships and gas carriers fell back. Among the major shipbuilding countries, China’s shipbuilding industry stays ahead with new ship orders accounting for 68% of the global market share. The orders for dual-fuel vessels using alternative fuels continue to grow, accounting for 34% of global orders. The shipbuilding industry is expected to maintain an upward trend in 2024, especially for bulk carriers and oil tankers. The acceleration of the decarbonization process and the development of artificial intelligence technology will also bring opportunities and challenges to the high-quality development of the shipping industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Current Status, Challenges and Prospects of Under-Ice Communication, Positioning and Navigation Technologies in Polar Regions CHEN Chi Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (05): 71-90.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.133 Abstract （228）      PDF （7112KB）（346）       Knowledge map    Save Communication, positioning and navigation (CPN, referred to as “communication and navigation” in Chinese, where “positioning” is integrated into “navigation”) are crucial for all marine vehicles, and it is more essential for under-ice vehicles operating in polar regions. As human beings step into the polar regions with higher latitude and larger depth, underwater vehicles are more active in under-ice scientific surveys. However, compared to open-water environments at lower latitude regions, the under-ice CPN in polar regions is very special and the relevant CPN technologies also face unique challenges. Hence, the development of under-ice CPN technologies in polar regions also differs from that in other regions. This study reviews the current status and challenges of under-ice CPN technologies in polar regions and provides a prospect for their future developments. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

On Dynamic Alignment Calculation Method for Double Shafting in Large LNG Ship WANG Pengyin, ZHAO Jie, FENG Yanqi, MA Xuefei, YANG Bihan Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (01): 97-105.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.095 Abstract （234）      PDF （2801KB）（525）       Knowledge map    Save It is essential for the innovation, transformation and industrial reform of the domestic shipbuilding industry to overcome the design challenges of large Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) ships and thus solve bottleneck technologies. However, the large LNG ships generally adopt the design of double shafting with double shafting lines of inward inclination angles. This unique design results in an extremely complex flow field at the stern of the ship with increased lateral forces on the shafting, adversely affecting the safe and stable operation of the shafting. The calculation method for the shafting alignment is studied thoroughly by examining the hull deformation, propeller hydrodynamics and bearing oil film thickness of a large LNG double shafting ship. This method more truly reproduces the actual operating state of the shafting, improves the safety margin of the shafting, and obtains a forward-looking, feasible and stable calculation scheme for the dynamic alignment of the double shafting. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

On the Connotation and Classification of Smart Ships LI Lu Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 19-25.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.002 Abstract （575）      PDF （1749KB）（999）       Knowledge map    Save Major shipbuilding countries in the world have started the development of smart ships since the 21st century. Recently, efforts have been made to accelerate the strategic layout in the field of the smart ships. As an important industry competitive highland, the proper approach for the development of the smart ships that is suitable for the domestic shipbuilding industry can be formulated only by deeply understanding its connotation, fully recognizing its professionalism, complexity and difficulty, and clearly clarifying its development direction. The connotation of the smart ships is clarified, and the differences and difficulties of the shipbuilding industry compared with other industries are analyzed in detail. After the discussion of the necessity of the classification of the smart ships, it proposes a method and procedure for the definition of the classification of the smart ships based on the system engineering, explained further by taking the White Paper on the Development of Smart Ships as an example. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Low-Temperature Fatigue Test and Life Assessment of Marine 5059 Aluminum Alloy and Welded Joints YANG Xi, XU Yongchao, WANG Wei, WU Jianguo Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (04): 50-57.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.04.006 Abstract （556）      PDF （2546KB）（602）       Knowledge map    Save 5059 aluminum alloy has become the preferred choice for the ship structure due to its excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. However, the current code lacks the S-N fatigue curve of the 5059 aluminum alloy, imposing difficulties on the fatigue evaluation of the 5059 aluminum alloy ship structure. The 5059 aluminum alloy and a typical marine welded joint are designed to carry out the fatigue tests at the room temperature and the low temperature (-35℃). The corresponding fatigue S-N curve is fitted by the least square method based on the test data. A finite element model of the specimen for fatigue test is established, and the stress obtained by the finite element analysis is extrapolated to obtain the hot spot stress. The fatigue life of the fatigue specimen is predicted by using the fitted S-N curve and compared with the result from the fatigue test. The results show that the proposed S-N curve of the 5059 aluminum alloy material and the welded joint can be used to predict the fatigue life of the ship structure under the low temperature environment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

On Type Selection and Layout of Marine Cranes LIU Biyue, WU Huimin, SHAO Wuhao, JIN Yang Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (03): 106-115.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.03.106 Abstract （398）      PDF （4764KB）（801）       Knowledge map    Save Marine crane can be used in all kinds of ships as it has various types, large lifting capacity, excellent performance and wide application. As one of the indispensable supporting equipment for modern ships, it plays an important role in the shipping industry. The principles, procedures and precautions of the selection and layout of marine cranes have been comprehensively and systematically analyzed. The simplified modelling of the crane is established to clarify the principle and the procedure of the selection and layout of the crane, as well as summarize the review points of the three-dimensional (3D) layout of the crane. The technicians can be instructed to quickly determine the location of the crane based on the layout method described in this paper, and also to quickly check the interference of the crane in 3D environment by using the 3D design software CATIA to verify the rationality of the crane location. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research and Progress of Hydrodynamics of Ship-Shaped Aquaculture Cages WANG Feipeng, ZHANG Jun, ZHU Yuheng, GENG Zhixin, WANG Fang Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (04): 27-36.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.097 Abstract （334）      PDF （1282KB）（167）       Knowledge map    Save As the core equipment for deep-sea aquaculture, the hydrodynamic research on ship-shaped aquaculture cages is crucial for ensuring their structural safety and farming reliability under extreme sea conditions. This paper systematically integrates the framework of "theoretical research-numerical simulation-model validation" used in the hydrodynamic study of ship-shaped aquaculture cages and reviews the relevant hydrodynamic analysis theories. The research status is reviewed from three aspects: hydrodynamic responses of the hull and mooring system, hull structural strength, and fluid-structure interaction effects of the netting. Furthermore, the key challenges in the hydrodynamic analysis of ship-shaped cages are analyzed: the complexity of multi-physics strong-coupling modeling, the accuracy-efficiency trade-offs in netting simulation, the bottlenecks in predicting nonlinear responses under extreme environments, and the lack of full-scale validation data. Finally, four future research directions are proposed: developing a multi-field wave-structure-mooring-netting interaction model, advancing the refined modeling technology for complex marine environments such as typhoons and internal waves, introducing intelligent algorithms to optimize the dynamic response of mooring systems, and developing hydrodynamic optimization and control technologies for intelligent submersible systems. This review provides theoretical support for the hydrodynamic mechanism research and engineering safety application of ship-shaped aquaculture cages. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Experimental Study on Freezing of Saltwater Droplets on Typical Marine Metal Surfaces WANG Yongkui, WANG Qing, LEI Wang, YAO Mengtao, ZHANG Shujie Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (01): 46-54.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.154 Abstract （215）      PDF （2841KB）（420）       Knowledge map    Save Ships are prone to icing when navigating in polar low-temperature environments. Excessive ice accumulation can affect ship stability, operational safety, and operability of deck equipment, posing a serious threat to crew safety and hindering the rational development and utilization of polar regions. Ship icing is mainly caused by the splashing of waves, and its physical process can be regarded as the freezing process of a large number of saltwater droplets on a cold surface. Experimental research on the freezing process of a single saltwater droplet is essential for deeper understanding of the mechanism of ship superstructure icing at the mesoscale. For this, experiments are conducted on the freezing and melting of freshwater droplets on cold surfaces, the progress of the phase interface during the freezing process of freshwater droplets, the shape changes of water droplets after freezing, the freezing and melting time are recorded, and the influencing factors of the freezing process of freshwater droplets are analyzed. A saltwater droplet freezing experiment with a 3.5% mass fraction is also conducted, the shape changes, freezing and melting times after freezing are recorded, and the impact of droplet volume and cold surface temperature on the freezing process of the saltwater droplets are analyzed and discussed. The influence of salinity is analyzed and compared by comparing the freezing and melting experimental results of saltwater with those of freshwater droplets. The research outcome can provide data support for the validation of ship icing prediction models and scientific guidance for the development of anti-icing and deicing technologies on structural surfaces. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Requirement Analysis and Research Methods of Maneuverability Design for Icebreaker LIU Xiaojian, LIU Yi, WEI Yuefeng Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 123-134.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.123 Abstract （463）      PDF （1424KB）（1568）       Knowledge map    Save The maneuvering of ships sailing in Polar Regions is much more complex than those in conventional waters, imposing hazards on ships sailing in Polar Regions. However, there are currently few analysis and research on the characteristics and maneuverability design requirements of polar icebreakers. This study introduces the polar environment related to the maneuverability of icebreakers, such as the wind, wave and current, shallow water, narrow waterway, low temperature and low visibility. It also analyzes the classification and ship characteristics of the icebreakers in Russia and other countries, and summarizes the relevant requirements of maneuverability standards for maneuvering devices on ice breakers with pod, multi-propeller and multi-rudder. In order to meet the requirement of maneuverability design, it introduces the maneuverability research methods such as the model test, full-scale test and numerical simulation of ice breakers, and the calculation methods for the ship-ice interaction forces such as the empirical formula method, finite element method and discrete element method. The above analysis and summary can provide references for the maneuverability design of icebreakers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Comparison of Speed Correction Method Between ITTC 2021 and ISO 15016 WANG Nan, ZHOU Xu Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (04): 127-133.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.04.014 Abstract （445）      PDF （2010KB）（691）       Knowledge map    Save In order to understand the applicability of the speed correction method of the ITTC 2021, the experimental requirements and correction process of the speed correction method of this method during the test of ship speed are introduced and compared with those of the ISO 15016∶2015. Speed correction programs for the two methods are developed through programming based on the principle of speed correction. The trail data of three typical ship types are then analyzed by using the two correction methods, summarizing the effects of the two correction methods on the correction results under different environmental factors such as wind, wave, tide, temperature, density, and water depth. The results show that the correction method of the ITTC 2021 is more reasonable than that of the ISO 15016∶2015. And the resulting speed corrected by the ITTC 2021 method is slightly higher than that by the ISO 15016:2015 correction method for these three ship types, while the newly added correction method for the added resistance in waves is the main factor causing the difference of the analysis results. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research and Development on the Data-Driven Intelligent Preliminary Design System for Ship Hull Forms YU Kai, MA Ning, SHI Qiqi, SUN Li Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (01): 1-10.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.006 Abstract （408）      PDF （2470KB）（526）       Knowledge map    Save A data-driven approach for the preliminary design of ship hull forms has been proposed to address the issues of long design cycles and high manual effort in traditional ship hull form design methods. By focusing on the digital representation of hull lines, database construction, and data storage, classification and retrieval, a method for constructing a hull form database is proposed to enable the visualization of functionalities such as adding, deleting, viewing, modifying, and matching of hull lines. To fully utilize the existing data in the database, a feature extraction function for hull lines is developed. This function segments the ship hull surface and calculates the normal vector, Gaussian curvature and mean curvature of the hull surface, thereby facilitating dimensionality reduction of the hull surface features. A convolutional neural network is then employed with the reduced-dimensional features as inputs to predict the ship resistance in static water. Experimental results show that the database can effectively manage the data of the ship hull form, and the error of the total ship resistance coefficient predicted by the neural network is within 10%. This work enables the inheritance of high-quality data into the preliminary hull form design of new ship types. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

On Applicability Range of Simplified Algorithm for Lift and Drag of T-Foil ZHOU Jiahong, DENG Deheng, YU Cheng, XU Jinsong Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (01): 69-77.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.135 Abstract （200）      PDF （2478KB）（369）       Knowledge map    Save The applicability of a simplified algorithm for estimating T-foil lift and drag at different scales and speeds is studied. The calculation results indicate that when the Reynolds number Re is on the order of 10 5, the simplified algorithm has a high degree of agreement with the CFD numerical calculation results and has good applicability. When the Reynolds number Re increases from 10 5 to 10 6, the lift part of the simplified algorithm still applies, but the deviation between the drag part and the CFD results significantly increases, making it unable to guarantee applicability. The above calculation results have also been partially validated by the drag test results, and the current simplified algorithm for estimating lift and drag of T-foils urgently needs further updates and improvements. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Research Progress in the Secondary Flow Model and Experimental Method of Turbomachinery CAI Youlin, ZHANG Heng, FENG Peiyuan, WANG Jun, SUN Chong, WANG Lixiang Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (02): 13-27.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.200 Abstract （189）      PDF （3959KB）（516）       Knowledge map    Save The secondary flow is the concomitant flow of the mainstream, which generally exists in nature and turbomachinery, most typically in the turbomachinery. The secondary flow in the turbomachinery not only changes the motion of the mainstream, deteriorates the flow field, induces the boundary layer separation, intensifies the jet wake at the exit, but also generates flow losses and noise. It is therefore of increasing concern of scholars and has risen to the same research level as the potential flow theory. Since 1950s, scholars at home and abroad have studied the phenomenon of the secondary flow from the perspectives of theoretical analysis, experimental research and numerical simulation, gradually understanding the flow mechanism and structure of the secondary flow in turbomachinery and establishing a continuously improving mathematical model, loss assessment and experimental methods for the secondary flow. Starting from the phenomenon of the secondary flow, the flow structure, mathematical model, and loss calculation and test methods of the secondary flow of the turbomachinery are reviewed and summarized. It is pointed out that the classical theoretical model of the secondary flow based on streamwise vortex built by ZANGENEH has some limitations. The key directions for future research are proposed based on the S3 flow surface theory of the secondary flow. It can provide references for the improvement of the flow field quality and the hydrodynamic performance of various types of turbomachinery, including waterjet pumps. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

Select

Optimization of Saddle Structure of Type C LNG Fuel Tanks Transversely Arranged in Large Container Ships CHEN Lekun, ZHANG Sihang, HAN Yu Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 63-69.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.063 Abstract （382）      PDF （1542KB）（1165）       Knowledge map    Save Environmental friendly dual-fuel propelled ships are becoming popular for new shipbuilding. In order to maximize the capacity utilization and take into account the scantlings of the container hold, the type C LNG fuel tanks are transversely arranged below the superstructure in the large dual-fuel container ships. Compared with the LNG carrier, the safety of the traditional saddle structure becomes insufficient due to the significant changes of the load acted on the hull. The optimized arrangement plan and structure design of the saddle are proposed in the current study. The strength and fatigue of the saddle and its supporting structure are analyzed by using the finite element method, and compared with those of traditional saddle design. The results show that the optimized saddle structure can significantly improve the stress distribution and increase the fatigue life. It can provide references for the structure design of the saddle for large container ships with type C LNG fuel tanks. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics