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State-of-the-Art and Development Trend of Intelligent Ship System XU Weiming, QU Rongze, XUE Guoliang, XU Minyi, ZHU Xiao, LIU Zhijian, ZHANG Qiqi Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 46-55.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.046 Abstract （3461）      PDF （1699KB）（2483）       Knowledge map    Save With the arrival of the intelligent era, the world shipbuilding industry and shipping industry are gradually focusing on intelligent ships, and the research of intelligent ship system has become one of the hot issues. This paper introduces the intelligent ship and the intelligent ship system, reviews the state-of-the-art and the development characteristics of the intelligent ship system both home and abroad, and prospects the development trend of the ship intelligent system. It is proposed to accelerate the research and development of the critical technologies and key system equipment through the guidance of national key projects for intelligent ships, orderly promoting the development of the intelligent ship system for various ship types. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current Status and Prospects of New Energy Application on Ships XIE Xiangyu, ZHOU Likun, TONG Junqian, WANG Yan Ship & Boat    2021, 32 (05): 1-9.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2021.05.001 Abstract （1852）            Knowledge map    Save According to the increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements and the implementation of the mandatory emission reduction regulations in the world, energy saving and emission reduction becomes popular in the development of the shipbuilding industry, and thus the application of the new energy in ships has attracted the continuous concern. The current research presents the application of the common new energy sources, such as wind energy, solar energy, new power batteries, nuclear energy and wave energy, on ships, and analyzes the current status of the application of the new energy ships at home and abroad. The existing technical shortcomings and development directions are proposed by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the various new energy ships. The development trend of the new energy ships has been prospected according to the current level of the scientific research: the intelligent and environment-friendly ships powered by the various new energy sources will gradually replace the traditional diesel ships, and the new energy ships will also enter the stage of the rapid development in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Status and Prospect of Titanium Alloys for Pressure-Resistant Structure of Deep-Sea Manned Equipment ZHANG Aifeng, LI Yanqing, XU Qiang, ZHANG Bowen, QU Ping, CHEN Wei Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (06): 81-91.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.06.007 Abstract （1684）      PDF （2984KB）（1835）       Knowledge map    Save Pressure-resistant structural materials are the foundation for supporting the descent and ascent of marine equipment. Titanium alloys, with their characteristics of lightweight, high strength, and corrosion resistance, have become the preferred materials for pressure-resistant structures in deep-sea manned equipment and show promising prospects for application. This article briefly describes the development history and research progress of typical deep-sea manned equipment such as submarines, submersibles, deep-sea workstations, and underwater laboratories, as well as their pressure-resistant structural materials. The current state of domestic titanium industry development and the research foundation in the titanium alloy material system for marine engineering, titanium alloy pressure-resistant structure manufacturing technology, and design and testing research is introduced. In combination with the technical characteristics of large deep-sea equipment titanium alloy structures, the article analyzes the key scientific and technological issues and application demands for titanium alloys used in pressure-resistant structures, providing a reference for the future development of titanium alloys for pressure-resistant structures in deep-sea manned equipment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State of the Art Review of Recent Ship Seakeeping Researches and Some Comments ZHU Renchuan, XU Dekang, WANG Hui, SHI Kaiyuan, ZHAN Ke Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (03): 1-19.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.03.001 Abstract （1391）      PDF （1951KB）（3807）       Knowledge map    Save Seakeeping is one of the most important performance aspects for ship sailing and operating at sea. It is a research field related to the complex physical problems of wave and structure interactions. Seakeeping performance of a ship is influenced by the weather condition, the wave conditions, and the costal and deepwater region characteristics, which is also affected by the geometry, scale, encountered wave angle, speed, loading condition and the inherent natural frequency of the ship. The paper summarizes the recent hydrodynamic methods and development trend, along with some comments on the key developments of seakeeping researches. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Technology Development Trends of LNG Carrier LOU Danping, YANG Chunhua Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 19-27.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.019 Abstract （1349）      PDF （2990KB）（1720）       Knowledge map    Save The market demand for liquefied natural gas（LNG）carriers continuous to be booming with the rapid growth of the global LNG trading and the high concern of the shipping industry on the carbon reduction technology. This paper introduces the development of the LNG ship types, liquid cargo containment system, liquid cargo handling system, propulsion system, energy-saving and emission-reduction technology, intelligence technology application and independent localization of the supporting technologies. Several important development directions and trends of the key technologies of the LNG carrier are pointed out to provide clear guidance for independent and controllable key technologies of China's LNG carrier. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art and Prospects of Installation Methods for Offshore Wind Turbines JIN Jingzhe, GAO Zhen Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (03): 1-20.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.03.001 Abstract （1314）      PDF （6710KB）（1419）       Knowledge map    Save The difficulty and cost of the installation of offshore wind turbine (OWT) increases with the rapid development of the scale of the global offshore wind industry, the continuous enlargement of the capacity of the wind turbine and the development of wind farms towards deep sea. The installation methods suitable for large wind turbines (10 MW and above) in deeper waters and harsh sea conditions shall be thoroughly studied and refined to address this situation. Therefore, this article introduces and discusses the main installation methods of OWTs and the characteristics of OWT installation vessels, as well as their future development needs. On this basis, the installation difficulties of current OWTs are summarized. The research progresses in the numerical simulation of the OWT installation are further reviewed. The scheme of combining numerical simulation with the planning and on-site construction stages of wind turbine installation is discussed in detail to ensure safe construction and improve installation efficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Structural Design Characteristics of Polar Heavy Icebreaker WANG Yanwu, YANG Xuehang, ZENG Jia, XU Yigang, ZHANG Wei Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 119-128.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.119 Abstract （1310）      PDF （5430KB）（1297）       Knowledge map    Save Polar heavy icebreaker is the key supporting equipment for polar merchant shipping, rescue support, scientific investigation and resource exploitation. The polar heavy breaker deserves special consideration in the application of high-strength steel and other special materials, the structural safety assessment under ice load and the hull structural layout, due to the high ice load compared with the medium and low ice class polar ships/icebreakers. The previous structural design experience for medium and low ice class polar ships cannot be arbitrarily applied to the polar heavy icebreaker. The structural design and evaluating experience of a PC2 polar heavy icebreaker that was developed by Marine Design & Research Institute of China (MARIC) are summarized. It focuses on the application of high strength steel for the ice belt structure, the application requirements and characteristics of composite steel plate for the ice belt outer plate, the impact of the non-linear evaluation technology on the ice belt scantlings, and the distribution of the ice-induced shear/bending moment and its influence on the structure in non-ice-belt regions, such as the inner platform of the main ship and the side hull of the bridge. It presents the structural design characteristics of the polar heavy icebreaker and the main differences between the polar heavy icebreaker and the medium and low ice class polar ships/icebreakers in terms of the overall structural layout and the design and evaluation of the ice belt structure. With the increase of the ice class, it is believed that the ice load not only affects the outer plate and its attached components in the ice belt region, but also has significant impact on the material selection of the ice belt structure and the overall structural layout and design of the whole ship. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Total Cost of Ownership for Green Low Carbon Ships WANG Yingyi, WEI Mei Ship & Boat    2021, 32 (05): 10-16.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2021.05.010 Abstract （1248）            Knowledge map    Save With the green and low carbon transformation of the shipping industry, the importance of the low carbon fuel is gradually emerging. As there is no carbon dioxide emission from ammonia and hydrogen combustion, ammonia and hydrogen are regarded as the promising zero-carbon fuels for shipping. The total cost of the ownership (TCO) models of the ammonia and hydrogen powered ship and the traditional fuel powered ship are established to quantitatively compare the relevant economy and clarify the main influencing factors. The results show that the fuel price is the main factor affecting the economy of ships. The TCO of the ammonia and hydrogen powered ships is about twice that of the traditional fuel powered ships under the current fuel price. The low energy density of the alternative fuels is the main reason that causes this difference. The cost of the alternative fuels will be an important factor in the low carbon transformation of shipping. And the cost reduction of the alternative fuels deserves attention. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of Air Lubrication Drag Reduction Technology at Home and Abroad XU Tiannan Ship & Boat    2021, 32 (06): 69-74.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2021.06.069 Abstract （1239）            Knowledge map    Save The technical principle of the ship air lubrication drag reduction, the generation mode, the formation mechanism of the bubble, and the influencing factors are introduced in the current study. The state-of-art of the current domestic and the foreign research institutions for the bubble drag reduction and the air layer drag reduction, and their commercial full-scale ship applications are also introduced respectively. It points out that there is a gap in the applications of the air lubrication drag reduction technology at home and abroad, while the bubble drag reduction is more mature than the air layer drag reduction. The problems that should be paid attention to in the application of the bubble drag reduction and the air layer drag reduction are put forward according to the current application status. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis and Research on Typical Cases of Ship Safety Accidents YIN Gui-sheng, SUN Ying, YANG Dong-mei, LI Shao-biao, LI Ze Ship & Boat    2021, 32 (04): 1-14.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2021.04.001 Abstract （1229）            Knowledge map    Save The accident cases of mining ships are of great value and significance to improve the ship safety and to avoid accidents. This paper studies the ship safety accident cases in the past decade, presents the background of the typical accident cases, and analyzes the causes of the accident by using the flow chart of the accident occurrence. It carries out a statistical analysis of the ship types and the accident types of the ship safety accidents in the past ten years, and discusses the factors affecting ship safety from the ship safety accident cases. It is proposed to use the intelligent decision-making assistance in the ship technology to reduce the accident rate. It also analyzes and studies the impact of the new regulations on the ship safety and the application value of the data of the ship accident cases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on Motion Response Characteristics of Cylindrical FPSO in Waves LI Gang, LI Da, WANG Zhaoyang, YI Cong, JIA Lusheng Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (02): 22-28.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.02.022 Abstract （1197）      PDF （2042KB）（886）       Knowledge map    Save The cylindrical floating production storage and offloading unit (FPSO) is a new type of offshore engineering equipment, which has been gradually applied to the development of the global offshore oil and gas resource. The motion response characteristics of a cylindrical FPSO suitable for the development of deepwater oil and gas fields in the South China Sea has been studied based on the three-dimensional potential flow theory and the Morison equation. The wet surface model and the hydrodynamic calculation model of the cylindrical FPSO are established by SESAM software to calculate the frequency domain motion response characteristics of the cylindrical FPSO in waves. The pitch, roll and heave motion responses of the cylindrical FPSO are compared with those of the ship-shaped FPSO with similar deadweight. The results show that the motion characteristics of the cylindrical FPSO are better than those of the ship-shaped FPSO. The heave motion responses of the cylindrical FPSO are also investigated for the cylindrical FPSO with different hull diameters, bilge box diameters, hull drafts and return periods of environmental conditions. The results can provide references for the overall design of the cylindrical FPSO. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State of the Art Review of Waterjet Propulsion Technology LIU Jianguo, ZHANG Zhiyuan, DAI Yuanxing, SUN Chong Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (06): 1-13.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.06.001 Abstract （1193）      PDF （1343KB）（1965）       Knowledge map    Save This paper systematically discusses the basic theoretical research on the control volume, thrust characterization, waterjet propulsion and their interaction of the waterjet propulsion system, and the key design methods, relevant simulation evaluation and test verification methods of the waterjet propulsion system of the waterjet propulsion pump, inlet duct, steering and reversing mechanism and low-noise propulsion system. It also discusses the current status of the typical applications of waterjet propulsion devices in the three major fields of high-speed military vessels, civilian ships and amphibious vehicles. According to the characteristics of waterjet propulsion technology and its integration with the development of modern technology, the development trends of the waterjet propulsion technology are proposed, including the integrated system design of the waterjet propulsion and the ship, the hydrodynamic design from macro to micro, the digital and intelligent technology of the waterjet propulsion, the integrated electric-driven waterjet propulsion system, and the coordination design of the waterjet propulsion for stealthiness. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of Artificial Intelligence Technology Applications in Offshore Wind Turbines KANG Yirou, CHEN Peng, CHENG Zhengshun, HU Zhiqiang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (05): 12-23.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.05.012 Abstract （1152）      PDF （1828KB）（2824）       Knowledge map    Save At present, the offshore wind turbine in China is developing rapidly, and the application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of offshore wind turbine is the current research hotspot. This paper analyzes and summarizes the application of various artificial intelligence technologies in the dynamic response analysis, operation and maintenance monitoring, design, operation and maintenance optimization of offshore wind turbines in multiple directions, involving dynamic response forecasting, power forecasting, structural monitoring, fault diagnosis, control optimization, operation and maintenance optimization. The results show that AI technology can better cope with the challenges in the field of offshore wind turbine design and operation and maintenance. Finally, the application prospects of AI technology in the area of offshore wind turbines and several major constraints currently exist are discussed, and the future development direction is envisioned. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art and Development of Marine SCR Technology LIN Rui, PENG Jiajie, HE Tianzhi, WANG Shuxin, TONG Yuzhou, CHEN Yong, DAI Libo Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 69-80.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.069 Abstract （1151）      PDF （1415KB）（967）       Knowledge map    Save Marine selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology is an efficient NO X removal technology, which has been widely applied in shipbuilding industry. However, the marine SCR technology also needs to be adjusted with the continuous improvement of the environmental requirements and the changes in marine energy structure. Nowadays, most marine SCR technology uses Urea-SCR technology, which is greatly affected by impurities in the marine fuel oils and the temperature of the exhaust. The high level of sulfur and alkali metals in the marine fuel oils has significant toxicity on catalysts, limiting the use of marine SCR. The diesel engine that mainly used on ships determines the range of the temperature change of the exhaust, which finally affects the denitrification of the exhaust gas through the influence on the effect of urea hydrolysis to produce ammonia, the layout of the SCR rectors and the catalyst activity. The above situation indicates that the design of an LP-SCR system with exhaust gas heating will be an important direction of the design of the SCR for the ships using marine fuel oils as fuel. It is critical to find safe source or method of supplying ammonia with high production efficiency and precise control for the development of marine SCR systems. Improving the fuel quality and reducing the toxicity effect in the smoke can provide a foundation for the research and development of new low-temperature and anti-toxic catalysts. The low-carbon and zero-carbon fuels become a global trend due to carbon neutrality, resulting in different exhaust emissions after combustion and then the change of SCR control technology. The zero-carbon and low-carbon fuels have single and reducible composition, and have the potential to be SCR reducing agents. The integrated processing SCR technology that uses the fuels itself for NO X removal will become an important direction for the development of marine SCR under the goal of carbon neutrality. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prospects of Utilization of Arctic Passage and Its Impact on China Under Current International Situation DENG Beixi Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 1-6.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.001 Abstract （1142）      PDF （951KB）（1368）       Knowledge map    Save The Russia-Ukraine conflict that broke out in 2022 results from the intensification of the long-term contradiction between Russia and the U.S.-led North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which causes continuous impacts on the great power relations and the international political landscape. Shipping along the Northern Sea Route situated within the jurisdiction of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) of the Russian Arctic waters constitutes the majority of the current Arctic shipping activities, and is severely impacted by the current situation in Ukraine as well. The influence of the current international situation on the economic prospects of the Arctic passage has been evaluated on the basis of the summarization of the impacts of the geopolitical incidents on the Arctic shipping. It is also proposed that China should scientifically and objectively assess the risks and challenges of the current Arctic shipping development with full consideration of various factors such as the Western sanctions against Russia, the epidemic situation and the global economic fluctuations, from the viewpoint of energy security, economic security and transportation security. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics and Design Requirements of Livestock Carrier LUO Benyong Ship & Boat    2022, 33 (01): 48-56.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2022.01.048 Abstract （1131）      PDF （5758KB）（701）       Knowledge map    Save In recent years, the livestock carrier that can transport live cattle and sheep in large quantities have attracted more and more attention of the market. However, the livestock carrier fleet is aging significantly and facing the practical problem of upgrading. Moreover, China lacks the relevant experience in the design and construction of this niche and specialized ship type. It faces the great challenge in terms of the determination of the overall ship type, the selection of equipment, the redundant design of power and equipment, and the control of the construction cost. This article introduces the major characteristics of this ship type, including high speed and high comfort, livestock handling access, livestock pen, livestock ventilation, livestock service system and the redundant design of power, etc. It also summarizes the technical requirements and explains the technical background of the regulations of ‘The Cargo and Cargo Handling-Livestock Marine Order’ (MO43) based on the design criteria of the MO43 that was issued by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA). It can provide reference for the design and construction of this ship type. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Resistance Reduction of Container Ship Using Fairing Based on CFD WU Yaoyang, LIN Haihua, SUN Chengmeng, JIANG Deqi, LI Shilong Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (04): 97-105.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.04.011 Abstract （1112）      PDF （3418KB）（510）       Knowledge map    Save The optimization of ship resistance is an important method to reduce the fuel consumption and improve the ship energy efficiency. The wind resistance of container ships accounts for a much larger proportion than that of other ships, which is a nonnegligible important part. The installation of a fairing at the bow has a significant effect on the wind resistance of the container ship. The total resistance and the wind resistance of a fully loaded container ship sailing at the design speed are calculated by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology. The mechanism of the resistance reduction using the fairing is analyzed by studying the reduction of the wind resistance and the total resistance due to the fairing when facing the wind at different wind speeds. The fairing can guide the flow and delay the flow separation, which effectively reduces the pressure resistance between the front and rear of the ship. The reduction of the wind resistance due to the fairing is stable at about 40%. The reduction of the total resistance due to the fairing gradually increases with the increase of the wind speed, and the resistance reduction can reach 2.91% under the wind speed of scale 8. The results can provide references for the practical design application and resistance evaluation of the fairing of container ships. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and CFD Simulation of Marine Ammonia Fuel Supply System SUN Rui, HUANG Chaojun, SONG Xiuli, LIU Jiancheng, SITU Yingfeng, YI Zhijin Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (04): 81-88.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.04.081 Abstract （1109）      PDF （1770KB）（1266）       Knowledge map    Save The liquid ammonia pressurized supply and ammonia capture are carried out based on the demand of ship main engine powered by ammonia fuel. The current study firstly sets up a three-stage pressurized supply mode with a buffer tank, and then analyzes and simulates the key points such as the form of fuel tank, stepped pressurization, elimination of pipeline gas resistance, inerting explosion prevention and ammonia emission capture. The simulation results show that the backflow pressure of the fuel is within the preset range, and this design can achieve stable supply to the main engine after pressurization and temperature increase, and can achieve the effective capture and process of ammonia emissions. The system analysis shows that it is feasible and stable to adopt the semi-cooled and semi-pressurized fuel tank, combined with a two-stage pump and a buffer tank, forming a three-stage pressurization system. The use of water mist spraying combined with adsorbers can effectively capture the ammonia and control ammonia emissions within 22.8 mg/m 3. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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On Design Rules for Nuclear-Powered Icebreakers at Home and Abroad WU Jun, WU Gang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 100-106.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.100 Abstract （1109）      PDF （2517KB）（1962）       Knowledge map    Save The applicable rules of nuclear-powered icebreakers at home and abroad are introduced from the design requirements of icebreakers. And the key points of icebreaker design rules are analyzed from polar risks such as low temperature, excessive ice and remote geographical location. Firstly, the definitions of low-temperature environment in different classification society rules have been compared, and the design points of winterization rules are interpreted from the aspects of engine intake, cold protection for liquid tank and escape passage. Secondly, the relevant requirements of the general arrangement are sorted out from the requirements of fire safety, nuclear safety and winterization. The influence of icing on the requirements of intact stability, riding ice stability and damaged stability in rules are also summarized. Finally, the strength check rules of ice class rudder system and ice class propeller are analyzed. The above comparison and analysis of rules can provide references for future design of nuclear-powered icebreakers with practical significance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art of Polar Navigation and Ice Exploration Equipment GUO Kun, LU Wei, WANG Xingchuan, WANG Qingxin, ZHANG Qiming, SUN Lei, JIN Biyao Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 143-153.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.143 Abstract （1100）      PDF （3031KB）（2131）       Knowledge map    Save Polar navigation is the guarantee for ships to achieve scientific research and safe navigation in the polar area. At present, there are many studies on the theory of polar navigation in China about the arrangement of Inertial Navigation System (INS), the availability of satellite navigation polar area, multi-sensor integrated navigation, etc. But there are still blanks in the application of polar navigation and ice exploration equipment in the high latitude navigation engineering in the polar area. In order to solve the engineering application problems of the device in the polar region from the system level, the paper combines the theory to analyze the polar environment and ship based in the polar region on the performance of the navigation device, and combines the research status of the ice exploration radar, inertial navigation, satellite navigation, electronic charts, satellite communication and other devices in the polar region, studies the working process of the design of the ice navigation device, and discusses the direction of future research and development of the navigation device in China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and Prospects of Inland Waterway Transport Infrastructure and Ship Technology YU Quanhu Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 96-108.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.009 Abstract （1066）      PDF （2154KB）（2309）       Knowledge map    Save China’s transportation industry has entered a new development stage of comprehensive construction of transportation power. And the comparative advantage of the inland waterway transport in the comprehensive transportation system has not yet been fully utilized. The implementation of the new development pattern of “dual circulation” and the “dual carbon” strategy requires innovative development of inland waterway transport and its core elements of ship technology. The development of the inland waterway transport infrastructure and ship technology is prospected by reviewing and summarizing the development status, relevant policy evolution, innovative technology research progress, and typical cases of inland waterway transport, maritime transport and ship technology at home and abroad. The future inland waterway transport infrastructure will be deeply integrated with digital, information, and network technologies, and the shore based control center will be networked as critical facilities and ship energy supply facility. Ships are evolving towards standardization and genealogy of ship types, intelligence, low-manned, green and diversified energy, and mainstreaming of electric propulsion. Ship formation navigation has become an innovative transportation mode. The exploration of the transformation direction of the inland waterway transport infrastructure and ship technology can provide references for the construction of a new generation of inland waterway transport system and the research and development of advanced ship types. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Marine Carbon Reduction Technology Under the International Maritime Organization's Shipping Carbon Emission Policy QU Ziyi, KONG Cunjin, YIN Honghao, ZHANG Derong, DU Min Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 25-38.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.004 Abstract （1065）      PDF （1972KB）（1392）       Knowledge map    Save The shipping industry, as a major emitter of greenhouse gases, has increasingly highlighted the urgency of carbon reduction. A series of mandatory policies and regulations on carbon emissions in the international shipping industry have gradually entered into the mandatory implementation stage in order to reduce carbon emissions in the shipping industry. The shipping industry is therefore facing enormous pressure on carbon reduction. The current study reviews and summarizes the shipping carbon emission policies and regulations issued by the International Maritime Organization (IMO), and compares the feasibility and applicability of various carbon reduction technologies in the shipping industry from both policy and technical aspects. The carbon capture technology is a direct and effective technology for the current shipping industry to address the carbon emission regulations. Based on the state-of-art of the carbon capture technology for ship exhaust gas, the challenges faced by the ocean-going ships in using carbon capture technology are analyzed from the technical requirements, operating costs and energy consumption, combined with the operation characteristics and exhaust emission characteristics of the ocean-going ships. The suggestions and measures are provided for appropriate marine carbon capture technology. The development direction of the carbon capture technology for the exhaust emissions of the ocean-going vessels is prospected based on the historical data. This study can provide references for the formulation of the carbon emission policies for China's shipping industry and the development and application of the ship carbon reduction technologies. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review and Prospect of Offshore Engineering Equipment Industry Development in China LI Xiaoping Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (05): 1-11.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.05.001 Abstract （1028）      PDF （3026KB）（2102）       Knowledge map    Save The offshore engineering equipment is a highly integrated strategic emerging industry that forms the basis for the development and utilization of ocean resources. The development of Chinese offshore engineering equipment industry is reviewed to analyze the global innovation pattern of the offshore engineering equipment industry. It is pointed out that the Chinese offshore engineering equipment industry should seize the “time window” of a new round of technological innovation and acceleration of structural adjustment, and break through the original and leading core technologies of the offshore equipment. Focusing on the equipment for exploitation of marine oil and gas resources, marine biological resources, deep-sea mineral resources and marine renewable energy, it addresses efforts should be made to break through the bottleneck issues of general design, system integration, key systems and equipment. The independent and complete offshore engineering equipment technology and product system are promoted to improve the high-quality development of Chinese offshore engineering equipment industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of Amphibious Vehicles–Requirements and Applications of Surface Vehicle Propulsion Technology SUN Xuguang, QIU Sicong Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (06): 22-27.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.06.022 Abstract （1014）      PDF （1122KB）（1078）       Knowledge map    Save This article introduces the development process of amphibious vehicle equipment and technology, the first generation of displacement amphibious vehicles have been developing revolutionarily towards the third generation of high-speed amphibious vehicles after decades of technological updates and upgrades. It also analyzes the key technologies and development trends of the overall design of amphibious vehicles, such as the configuration design of the sliding vehicle, the hydrodynamic matching design, the conversion and control of the operation conditions, and the waterway safety. The new concept of unmanned amphibious platform is of great significance for the future changes of the combat styles and the improvement of the asymmetric combat capabilities. It also puts forward more urgent application requirements for the surface vehicle propulsion technologies such as the high-power electric-driven waterjets and electrically-controlled vectored thrusters. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on Propeller Design of Polar Icebreaker DING Ju, WANG Jianqiang, LIU Zhenghao, ZHOU Min, KONG Weiping Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 175-184.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.175 Abstract （971）      PDF （4609KB）（1786）       Knowledge map    Save Propeller is the core component of a ship. The performance of the propeller of an icebreaker is directly related to the speed/power performance, ice-breaking performance, vibration and noise performance and safe navigation performance of the whole ship. The design of the ice class propeller is therefore the key stage during the design of the icebreaker. It is necessary to ensure that the performance of the propeller can meet the design requirements. Different from the conventional propeller that operates in the open waters, the ice class propeller operates in the ice waters. The impact of the ice on the propeller should be considered during the design of the ice class propeller. However, there is little experience of the ice class propeller design in China. The ice class propeller design process (IPDP) has been established based on the analysis of the characteristics of the ice class propeller in the current study. The design results and model test results of the ice class propeller of a PC2 heavy icebreaker are presented. The results show that the design process of the ice class propeller is different from that of the conventional propeller with special focuses on the iterative design of the propeller parameters and hull parameters, due to the heavy load and multi-working conditions of the ice class propeller. It is necessary to verify not only the speed/power performance and vibration performance in the open waters, but also the speed/power performance and propeller strength performance in the ice regions. A detachable fixed pitch propeller is designed for the high ice class propeller to facilitate the repair and replacement of one single blade. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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State-of-the-Art of Polar Icebreaker Pod Propulsion System LONG Fei, FANG Bin, YANG Chao Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 154-160.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.154 Abstract （965）      PDF （2695KB）（1412）       Knowledge map    Save The accelerated melting Arctic Sea ice has increased the availability of the Arctic shipping lane. As a major maritime and trading country, China can make full use of the Arctic shipping lane to alleviate the “Malacca dilemma” of the maritime transportation and ensure the transportation safety of Chinese strategic materials. The Arctic shipping lane cannot be opened without the support of polar icebreakers. The pod propulsion system that is the key equipment of modern polar icebreakers can give full play to the ice-breaking ability of icebreakers. Under the current international situation, the construction of polar icebreakers in China demands independent development of the ice-class pod propulsion system for the polar icebreakers. The current study introduces the development and current situation of the pod propulsion. It analyzes the characteristics of the ice-class pod propulsion system, summarizes the key technologies for the development of the ice-class pod propulsion system, and presents the development trend of the ice-class pod propulsion system. It is found that the ice-class pod propulsion system has higher technical threshold than the non-ice pods due to the characteristics of complex operating conditions, variable ice loads, high torque overloads, and fast dynamic response of revolution speed. Throughout the development of the pods, it is suggested to be led by professional electric companies, combine the advanced resources in the industry to break through the key technologies, and launch products with demonstration and verification as soon as possible, in order to support the opening of China’s Arctic shipping lane. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Standard Requirements of DNVGL CLEAN（DESIGN）and Application in Machinery Design for Container Vessel YAO Fei, DONG Yue, LI Hua, DUAN Yulong, MA Tianshuai Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 88-93.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.088 Abstract （964）      PDF （1600KB）（954）       Knowledge map    Save With the increasingly stringent requirements of marine environmental protection, all major classification societies have proposed their own environmental protection class notations. Among them, the additional class notation of DNVGL CLEAN（DESIGN）additional notation sets requirements for the design, operation and equipment of ships to reduce the ship's environmental impact from air emissions, sea discharges and hazardous materials from ship to shore. The environmental notation CLEAN（DESIGN）is quite stringent in the DNVGL rules, which is rarely used in the design of container vessels in recent years. A dual-fuel container vessel is a green ship that has the notation CLEAN（DESIGN）. In the process of research and development, the container vessel has broken through a series of design essentials, such as the arrangement of engine room and liquid tanks, sewage treatment and fuel tank protection, reaching a new level of green environmental protection for container vessels. This article systematically summarizes the requirements of CLEAN（DESIGN）notation for the machinery design of container vessels, and studies the influence of this notation on the machinery design of container vessels. It also shows the design ideas and schemes of this vessel combining with the practical project, and presents measures for further improvement of the environmental protection level of container vessels. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Polar Ship Rule and Its Main Technical Development CAO Jing, WANG Gang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 61-71.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.061 Abstract （949）      PDF （3651KB）（2264）       Knowledge map    Save The characteristics of polar ship rules of China Classification Society have been analyzed by reviewing the current status of international conventions and rules of polar ships. The technical development trend of rules of polar ships is also summarized combining with the national polar strategy and development needs. Aiming at the important key technical issues of the ice-breaking technology, the winterization technology and the sailing safety supporting technology, the ice load technology of ship structure, the structural strength calculation under ice load, the propeller and shafting strength under ice load excitation, the winterization design and low temperature test verification of polar ships, the assessment of the polar operation capability, and the hull monitoring technology for operations in polar regions are introduced. The corresponding development suggestions are proposed to provide technical support for the independent establishment of China’s polar ship rule system in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Power/Speed Prediction of Ice-Going Ships Based on DEM-SPH Fluid-Structure Interaction Model WU Jie, LIU Lu, TIAN Yukui, JI Shunying Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 70-83.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.007 Abstract （949）      PDF （3713KB）（1238）       Knowledge map    Save The navigation of ships in sea ice is affected by the resistance of the ice-water environment, which is an important factor in the research of the power/speed of ice ships. The ship sailing in ice areas has been simulated by a fluid-structure interaction model based on the discrete element method (DEM) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method, to reasonably analyze the power/speed performance of ice ships. It obtains the resistance of the ship at different speeds, and the thrust and torque of the propeller, as well as the speed of revolution required for navigation at constant speed. A DEM-SPH model for the coupling of the hull structure, sea ice and seawater is established by directly calculating the interaction force between the structure and the fluid through the fitting of the relative motion between the SPH particles and the fixed particle boundaries, in order to study the fluid structure interaction between the hull structure, sea ice and seawater. Then the DEM-SPH coupling model is used to simulate the resistance and propulsion of the ships in ice regions. The resistance and thrust of the ships are matched through the fitting method with consideration of the influence of the resistance increment caused by the wake field, to predict the speed of revolution required for the self-propelled ship at a specific speed. The resistances of the DTMB 5415 ship model in ice floes and level ice and the propeller thrusts at different speeds of revolution are also simulated to predict the speed of revolution required for the ship sailing at specific speeds under different operation conditions. The results show that the fluid-structure interaction between the ship-ice and propeller-ice can be well simulated by the DEM-SPH coupling model, fully describing the drag effect of the ship hull and the wake field on the sea ice. A numerical simulation-based prediction of the speed of revolution for the self-propelled ship is performed through the simulations of resistance and thrust, and the fitting analysis of the forced force. It can provide foundation for further experimental verification and engineering applications. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of Sea Ice Engineering Research in China YUE Qianjin, WANG Guojun, DONG Rui, HUANG Yating, WU Kuankuan, ZHANG Dayong Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 51-60.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.051 Abstract （936）      PDF （1217KB）（1514）       Knowledge map    Save In the late 1960s, mass of oil and gas resources were discovered in the frozen Bohai Sea area of China, which promoted the research of sea ice. The large-scale sea ice survey, the growth and movement of the sea ice, the physical and mechanical behavior of the sea ice, the ice load, the design of the ice resistance structure, and the management of the sea ice are studied successively. And all-round international cooperation and exchange are also carried out. China’s research results of the sea ice not only guarantee the construction and operation of the oil and gas development in Bohai Sea, but also are applied to the development and construction of offshore wind farm infrastructure in the ice regions of Huanghai and Bohai Sea. The history of China’s sea ice research is also reviewed from the viewpoint of the marine resources development of the ice regions. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development and Prospects of Nuclear Power Technology for Ships HU Keyi, WANG Bing Ship & Boat    2025, 36 (05): 1-13.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2025.133 Abstract （928）            Knowledge map    Save With the continuous advancement of decarbonization in the maritime industry, especially after MEPC 80 setting the goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, the application of low-carbon/zero-carbon fuels has become a major focus. The large-scale adoption of energy sources such as liquid ammonia, liquid hydrogen, green methanol, and LNG is gradually accelerating. Nuclear energy, as a clean energy source, is also of increasing interest to the maritime industry. With the development of fourth-generation small modular reactor (SMR) technology, the inherent safety attributes of reactors have been enhanced while reducing the risk of radiation leakage, making nuclear energy a possible propulsion method for large commercial vessels. Starting from the decarbonization needs of the maritime industry, the current use of nuclear energy as a marine propulsion method has been introduced with a focus on the recent technological developments of fourth-generation SMRs. It particularly analyzes their development potential as marine small reactors and proposes key factors that should be considered for their application onboard ships. It focuses on the unique application advantages of molten salt reactors (MSRs), especially thorium-based solid-fueled MSRs, for civilian ships. It also analyzes and prospects the application of SMRs in Suezmax oil tankers, ultra-large container ships, and floating power generation platforms. It can provide theoretical support and references for subsequent engineering applications of nuclear power in ships. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Overview of Operational Numerical Forecasting Systems for Polar Sea Ice LIU Na, LIANG Xi, LI Ming, TIAN Zhongxiang, ZHAO Fu, SUN Qizhen, LI Baohui Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (01): 30-39.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.01.030 Abstract （923）      PDF （4172KB）（2903）       Knowledge map    Save Under the background of global warming and rapid reduction of the Arctic sea ice, polar sea ice forecasting is playing an increasingly important role. Improving the ability of polar sea ice forecasting is an important guarantee for polar ship navigation, polar energy development and protection. In recent years, some countries have developed and established polar sea ice forecasting systems, and the operational forecasting of polar sea ice has advanced substantially. By developing, testing and verifying the numerical solution of sea ice dynamics and thermodynamics, the model predictions are increasingly close to the observed values, so as to achieve the goal of flexible and powerful sea ice simulation and prediction. Aimed at timely and accurate polar sea ice forecasts for Chinese National Arctic/Antarctic Research Expedition and Arctic commercial navigation, the operational polar sea ice forecasting systems in the National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center of China assimilate the satellite-observed near-real-time sea ice concentration, sea ice thickness and sea surface temperature data on a daily basis, with a capacity of coordinated adjustments of relative tracers and momentum at the ice-ocean interface. This paper briefly introduces state-of-the-art operational polar sea ice forecasting systems in the world, and prospects the potential difficulties and problems in developing sea ice numerical forecasting skill in the future. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Digital Transformation: the Way to High-Quality Development of Ship Design HU Keyi, WANG Bing Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (02): 1-13.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.02.001 Abstract （912）      PDF （3590KB）（1297）       Knowledge map    Save In the tide of the digital transformation, the mode and process of modern ship design have undergone revolutionary transformation compared to the previous 2D design drawings due to the emergence of various digital design tools. With the continuous improvement of computer processing and the continuous deepening of the intelligent development of design software, 3D Digital Mock-Up（3D DMU）has gradually become the infrastructure of new industrial designs. Modern ship design is a customized and discrete large-scale engineering design. The introduction of 3D DMU and its extension to 3D digital ship mode will bring significant changes to the ship design process and its connotations, and the “Single Source of Truth（SSOT）” based on the 3D DMU will reshape the entire ship design process. This article focuses on the significant changes of 3D DMU and SSOT to the ship design through the analysis of the changing paradigm of modern ship design. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Review of World Shipping Market in 2023 and Prospect in 2024 WEI Mei, ZHOU Yilai, GAO Jue, WANG Yingyi, PAN Fang Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 1-18.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.001 Abstract （910）      PDF （4676KB）（1761）       Knowledge map    Save In 2023, the global economic growth rate slowed down from 3.5% in 2022 to 3.1%, but showing significant resilience with accelerating global economic growth differentiation among different economies. With the relaxation of global epidemic control and the increase of geopolitical conflicts, the commodity trade has been disturbed, and the seaborne trade is expected to grow by 2.4% in 2023. The market fundamentals of the shipbuilding industry are stable and positive. The key market indicators maintain growth with a year-on-year increase of 25% in new ship orders and a 12% increase in completed deliveries in terms of deadweight tonnage. Among them, new orders for oil tankers increased by 356.6% year-on-year, and new orders for bulk carriers increased by 33% year-on-year, but container ships and gas carriers fell back. Among the major shipbuilding countries, China’s shipbuilding industry stays ahead with new ship orders accounting for 68% of the global market share. The orders for dual-fuel vessels using alternative fuels continue to grow, accounting for 34% of global orders. The shipbuilding industry is expected to maintain an upward trend in 2024, especially for bulk carriers and oil tankers. The acceleration of the decarbonization process and the development of artificial intelligence technology will also bring opportunities and challenges to the high-quality development of the shipping industry. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Submerged Water-Jet Propulsion for Medium and Low Speed Ships CAI Youlin, ZHANG Heng, CHEN Gang, QIU Jitao, JI Guorui, WANG Jianqiang Ship & Boat    2023, 34 (03): 92-96.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2023.03.092 Abstract （909）      PDF （1144KB）（1639）       Knowledge map    Save Submerged water-jet propulsion is a new development of traditional water-jet propulsion technology. The current study systematically analyzes the propulsion efficiency, the interaction between the hull and the water-jet and the specific speed of the propulsion pump based on the concept of this type of water-jet propulsion. It firstly establishes the mathematical modelling of the specific speed and the advance coefficient of the waterjet-propelled ship that are described by principal parameters of the hull and the propulsion system. The range of the speed and the specific speed of the propulsion pump for the submerged propulsion system has been demonstrated to reveal the mechanism of high efficiency. The variation of the main parameters of the propulsion system with the speed ratio and speed of revolution has been validated through case studies. It can provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of the submerged water-jet propulsion system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Their Application on Ship YU Quan-hu Ship & Boat    2020, 31 (05): 69-76.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2020.05.069 Abstract （900）            Knowledge map    Save The shipping industry is currently under the increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It is necessary to find the alternative energy to reduce the emissions of CO 2 and other exhaust pollutants. LNG and hydrogen will be green ship energy with broad prospects. At first, it introduces the fuel cell and its power generation system, and summarizes the development of the hydrogen technology, the characteristics, the research and the development of the liquid hydrogen carrier. Then, it analyzes the safety of the fuel cell ship and the research and development of the fuel cell hybrid power system. Finally, it briefly presents the application of several fuel cell ships developed in recent years, and summarizes the relevant problems that should be noticed in the application of the hydrogen and fuel cell on ships, as well as the prospects, the development of the hydrogen fuel cell ship. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Development, Dilemma and Breakthrough of Ship Digitization Design Technology ZHANG Yi, LEI Yuying, QI Ming Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (02): 70-77.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.02.008 Abstract （864）      PDF （1853KB）（944）       Knowledge map    Save The shipbuilding industry, especially the ship design, faces major opportunities and challenges with the promotion of digitalization. While the digital design improves the quality and efficiency of the ship design, there are still many difficulties in the ship design. The current urgent issues to be considered are to further optimize the design process, improve the efficiency, reduce the cost and achieve the autonomous control through digital technology. Innovative countermeasures are provided by analyzing the possible difficulties that may arise from the integration of the ship design and the digital technology. Furthermore, the current study introduces how the ship digital design platform achieves a breakthrough in general ship design through the unified object-oriented data management core and the time-period refresh mechanism. It explores a technical route of independent development characteristics for the research and development of ship digital design software with independent intellectual property rights. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Ship & Boat    1998, (06): 1-.   Abstract （863）            Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics

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Application Status and Development of Marine Refrigerant WANG Shu-xin, WANG Yu-guo, PENG Jia-jie, LIN Rui, CHEN Yong Ship & Boat    2021, 32 (04): 55-62.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2021.04.055 Abstract （858）            Knowledge map    Save The application status of main marine refrigeration units and the refrigerant has been analyzed in order to promote the process of the ship greenhouse gas emission reduction. It summarizes the usage and restrictions of the marine refrigerants by the environmental labels of the classification societies, the development of the marine refrigerants and the marine low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant with application potential. The results show that the main marine refrigeration system currently uses the steam compression refrigeration, and the commonly used refrigerants are R134a, R404A, R410A, R407C and R407F. The environmental labels of CCS, DNV GL, ABS, BV and LR require the Ozone depletion potential (ODP) of the marine refrigerants to be zero, and the environmental labels with the higher level require the GWP of the marine refrigerants less than 2 000. Special consideration of flammability and toxicity are required for the refrigerants with flammability and toxicity. The marine low GWP refrigerants mainly include the hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) refrigerant R1234yf, the HFO mixed refrigerant series of R449A, R513A and R454, and the natural refrigerants of NH 3 and CO 2. The results can be used as references for the design and study of the marine refrigeration system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and Future Development of Scientific Research Autonomous Underwater Vehicles in Polar Regions CHEN Chi, WU Gang, JIA Dongdong, QIN Qi, LI Yuan Ship & Boat    2024, 35 (01): 59-69.   DOI: 10.19423/j.cnki.31-1561/u.2024.01.006 Abstract （851）      PDF （2251KB）（1095）       Knowledge map    Save As polar scientific exploration requires broader range, deeper space, and more data collection, unmanned equipment emerges frequently in the polar research expeditions from various countries, helping researchers to have a comprehensive and thorough understanding of the polar environment. Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) have gradually become indispensable equipment for the polar underwater scientific research in the new century due to their advantages of autonomy and versatility. Therefore, it is essential to review the application of scientific research AUVs in polar regions and anticipate their future development. This article begins with a basic introduction to AUVs, followed by analysis of the main purposes and advantages of the AUVs in polar regions based on the summarization of the thirty polar AUV operations in the world. The challenges encountered by the AUVs applied in polar regions are discussed to present the development of the AUVs suitable for the polar scientific research. Additionally, thoughts are also proposed for the design of a new generation of polar research vessels equipped with unmanned equipment such as AUVs. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics